메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 72, Issue 20, 2008, Pages 4929-4947

Nitrogen geochemistry as a tracer of fluid flow in a hydrothermal vent complex in the Karoo Basin, South Africa

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AUREOLE; CONTACT METAMORPHISM; FLUID FLOW; GEOCHEMISTRY; HYDROCARBON MIGRATION; HYDROTHERMAL VENT; NITROGEN; PHREATIC ZONE; TRACER;

EID: 52749098732     PISSN: 00167037     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.07.023     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (51)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0033626686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of grain-coating chlorite in sandstones. Laboratory synthesized vs. natural occurrences
    • Aagaard P., Jahren J.S., Harstad A.O., Nilsen O., and Ramm M. Formation of grain-coating chlorite in sandstones. Laboratory synthesized vs. natural occurrences. Clay Miner. 35 (2000) 261-269
    • (2000) Clay Miner. , vol.35 , pp. 261-269
    • Aagaard, P.1    Jahren, J.S.2    Harstad, A.O.3    Nilsen, O.4    Ramm, M.5
  • 3
    • 0000408287 scopus 로고
    • Citzaf-a package of correction programs for the quantitative electron, microbeam X-ray-analysis of thick polished materials, thin-films, and particles
    • Armstrong J.T. Citzaf-a package of correction programs for the quantitative electron, microbeam X-ray-analysis of thick polished materials, thin-films, and particles. Microbeam Anal. 4 (1995) 177-200
    • (1995) Microbeam Anal. , vol.4 , pp. 177-200
    • Armstrong, J.T.1
  • 4
    • 0031423423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon behaviour in gem-quality orthoclase from Madagascar: experiments and some consequences for Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology
    • Arnaud N.O., and Kelley S.P. Argon behaviour in gem-quality orthoclase from Madagascar: experiments and some consequences for Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 61 (1997) 3227-3255
    • (1997) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.61 , pp. 3227-3255
    • Arnaud, N.O.1    Kelley, S.P.2
  • 5
    • 0003612305 scopus 로고
    • University of Technology Eindhoven, Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry and Material Science, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    • Bastin G.F., and Heijligers H.J.M. Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis of Nitrogen (1988), University of Technology Eindhoven, Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry and Material Science, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
    • (1988) Quantitative Electron Probe Microanalysis of Nitrogen
    • Bastin, G.F.1    Heijligers, H.J.M.2
  • 6
    • 0002630904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope tracers of high-temperature fluid-rock interactions: case study of the Catalina Schist, California
    • Bebout G.E. Nitrogen isotope tracers of high-temperature fluid-rock interactions: case study of the Catalina Schist, California. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 151 (1997) 77-91
    • (1997) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.151 , pp. 77-91
    • Bebout, G.E.1
  • 7
    • 0026488085 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-isotope compositions of metasedimentary rocks in the Catalina Schist, California-implications for metamorphic devolatilization history
    • Bebout G.E., and Fogel M.L. Nitrogen-isotope compositions of metasedimentary rocks in the Catalina Schist, California-implications for metamorphic devolatilization history. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56 (1992) 2839-2849
    • (1992) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.56 , pp. 2839-2849
    • Bebout, G.E.1    Fogel, M.L.2
  • 8
    • 28244458773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope analyses of ammonium-rich silicate minerals by sealed-tube extractions and dual inlet, viscous-flow mass spectrometry
    • de Groot P. (Ed), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • Bebout G.E., and Sadofsky S.J. Nitrogen isotope analyses of ammonium-rich silicate minerals by sealed-tube extractions and dual inlet, viscous-flow mass spectrometry. In: de Groot P. (Ed). Handbook of Stable Isotope Techniques (2004), Elsevier, Amsterdam
    • (2004) Handbook of Stable Isotope Techniques
    • Bebout, G.E.1    Sadofsky, S.J.2
  • 9
    • 0033373447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-isotope record of fluid-rock interactions in the Skiddaw Aureole and granite, English Lake District
    • Bebout G.E., Cooper D.C., Bradley A.D., and Sadofsky S.J. Nitrogen-isotope record of fluid-rock interactions in the Skiddaw Aureole and granite, English Lake District. Am. Miner. 84 (1999) 1495-1505
    • (1999) Am. Miner. , vol.84 , pp. 1495-1505
    • Bebout, G.E.1    Cooper, D.C.2    Bradley, A.D.3    Sadofsky, S.J.4
  • 11
    • 0030924574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the ammonium content of potassic rocks and minerals by capacitance manometry: a prelude to the calibration of FTIR microscopes
    • Boyd S.R. Determination of the ammonium content of potassic rocks and minerals by capacitance manometry: a prelude to the calibration of FTIR microscopes. Chem. Geol. 137 (1997) 57-66
    • (1997) Chem. Geol. , vol.137 , pp. 57-66
    • Boyd, S.R.1
  • 12
    • 0025589495 scopus 로고
    • The nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud diapirs and diatremes for accretionary systems
    • Brown K.M. The nature and hydrogeologic significance of mud diapirs and diatremes for accretionary systems. J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth Planets 95 (1990) 8969-8982
    • (1990) J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth Planets , vol.95 , pp. 8969-8982
    • Brown, K.M.1
  • 13
    • 0032455935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal flexural behaviour and contrasting stratigraphies: a new basin development model for the Karoo retroarc foreland system, South Africa
    • Catuneanu O., Hancox P.J., and Rubidge B.S. Reciprocal flexural behaviour and contrasting stratigraphies: a new basin development model for the Karoo retroarc foreland system, South Africa. Basin Res. 10 (1998) 417-439
    • (1998) Basin Res. , vol.10 , pp. 417-439
    • Catuneanu, O.1    Hancox, P.J.2    Rubidge, B.S.3
  • 14
    • 0033102413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morpho-tectonics and mechanism of emplacement of the dolerite rings and sills of the western Karoo, South Africa
    • Chevallier L., and Woodford A. Morpho-tectonics and mechanism of emplacement of the dolerite rings and sills of the western Karoo, South Africa. S. Afr. J. Geol. 102 (1999) 43-54
    • (1999) S. Afr. J. Geol. , vol.102 , pp. 43-54
    • Chevallier, L.1    Woodford, A.2
  • 15
    • 0000834428 scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen-rich metamorphic fluids in Devonian metasediments from Bastogne, Belgium
    • Darimont A., Burke E., and Touret J. Nitrogen-rich metamorphic fluids in Devonian metasediments from Bastogne, Belgium. Bull. Mineral. 111 (1988) 321-330
    • (1988) Bull. Mineral. , vol.111 , pp. 321-330
    • Darimont, A.1    Burke, E.2    Touret, J.3
  • 17
    • 0031405702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana
    • Duncan R.A., Hooper P.R., Rehacek J., Marsh J.S., and Duncan A.R. The timing and duration of the Karoo igneous event, southern Gondwana. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 18127-18138
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 18127-18138
    • Duncan, R.A.1    Hooper, P.R.2    Rehacek, J.3    Marsh, J.S.4    Duncan, A.R.5
  • 19
    • 0033199964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemical evidence for lacustrine microbial blooms in the vast Permian Main Karoo, Parana, Falkland Islands and Huab basins of southwestern Gondwana
    • Faure K., and Cole D. Geochemical evidence for lacustrine microbial blooms in the vast Permian Main Karoo, Parana, Falkland Islands and Huab basins of southwestern Gondwana. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 152 (1999) 189-213
    • (1999) Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. , vol.152 , pp. 189-213
    • Faure, K.1    Cole, D.2
  • 21
  • 24
    • 0001835436 scopus 로고
    • Berechnung von Isotopieeffekten auf quantenchemischer Grundlage am Beispiel stick-stoffhaltiger Moleküle
    • Hanschmann G. Berechnung von Isotopieeffekten auf quantenchemischer Grundlage am Beispiel stick-stoffhaltiger Moleküle. ZfI-Mitteilungen 41 (1981) 19-39
    • (1981) ZfI-Mitteilungen , vol.41 , pp. 19-39
    • Hanschmann, G.1
  • 25
    • 33845755787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hilton D. R., Fischer T. P. and Marty B. (2002) Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones. In Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (ed. D. Porcelli, et al.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Mineral. Soc. America, Washington, DC.
    • Hilton D. R., Fischer T. P. and Marty B. (2002) Noble gases and volatile recycling at subduction zones. In Noble Gases in Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry (ed. D. Porcelli, et al.). Rev. Mineral. Geochem., Mineral. Soc. America, Washington, DC.
  • 26
    • 0038032018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen in rock: occurrences and biogeochemical implications
    • Holloway J.M., and Dahlgren R.A. Nitrogen in rock: occurrences and biogeochemical implications. Global Biogeochem. Cycles (2002) 16
    • (2002) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , pp. 16
    • Holloway, J.M.1    Dahlgren, R.A.2
  • 29
  • 30
    • 33750005388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen isotope fractionations during progressive metamorphism: a case study from the Paleozoic Cooma metasedimentary complex, southeastern Australia
    • Jia Y. Nitrogen isotope fractionations during progressive metamorphism: a case study from the Paleozoic Cooma metasedimentary complex, southeastern Australia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70 (2006) 5201-5214
    • (2006) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.70 , pp. 5201-5214
    • Jia, Y.1
  • 31
    • 14244261451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen 15-enriched Precambrian kerogen and hydrothermal systems
    • Jia Y., and Kerrich R. Nitrogen 15-enriched Precambrian kerogen and hydrothermal systems. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 5 (2004) Q07005
    • (2004) Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. , vol.5
    • Jia, Y.1    Kerrich, R.2
  • 33
    • 52649182699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Johnson, M. R., Van Vuuren C. J., Visser J. N. J., Cole D. I., Wickens H. de V., Cristie A. D. M. and Roberts D. L. (1997) The foreland Karoo basin, South Africa. In African basins. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
    • Johnson, M. R., Van Vuuren C. J., Visser J. N. J., Cole D. I., Wickens H. de V., Cristie A. D. M. and Roberts D. L. (1997) The foreland Karoo basin, South Africa. In African basins. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  • 34
    • 24644460644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Karoo large igneous province: brevity, origin, and relation to mass extinction questioned by new Ar-40/Ar-39 age data
    • Jourdan F., Feraud G., Bertrand H., Kampunzu A.B., Tshoso G., Watkeys M.K., et al. Karoo large igneous province: brevity, origin, and relation to mass extinction questioned by new Ar-40/Ar-39 age data. Geology 33 (2005) 745-748
    • (2005) Geology , vol.33 , pp. 745-748
    • Jourdan, F.1    Feraud, G.2    Bertrand, H.3    Kampunzu, A.B.4    Tshoso, G.5    Watkeys, M.K.6
  • 35
    • 52749085592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kreulen R., Breemen A. V. and Duit W. (1986) Nitrogen and carbon isotopes in metamorphic fluids from the Dome de I'Agout, France. In Geochronology, Cosmochronolgy and Isotope Geology, Fifth International Conference, 191 pp.
    • Kreulen R., Breemen A. V. and Duit W. (1986) Nitrogen and carbon isotopes in metamorphic fluids from the Dome de I'Agout, France. In Geochronology, Cosmochronolgy and Isotope Geology, Fifth International Conference, 191 pp.
  • 36
    • 52749089490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wavelength-dispersive electron-microprobe-analysis of nitrogen on Buddingtonite-feldspar solid solution crystals
    • Kronz A., and Pöter B. Wavelength-dispersive electron-microprobe-analysis of nitrogen on Buddingtonite-feldspar solid solution crystals. Eur. J. Mineral. 11 (1999) 138
    • (1999) Eur. J. Mineral. , vol.11 , pp. 138
    • Kronz, A.1    Pöter, B.2
  • 37
    • 0029506992 scopus 로고
    • Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations
    • Krooss B.M., Littke R., Muller B., Frielingsdorf J., Schwochau K., and Idiz E.F. Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations. Chem. Geol. 126 (1995) 291-318
    • (1995) Chem. Geol. , vol.126 , pp. 291-318
    • Krooss, B.M.1    Littke, R.2    Muller, B.3    Frielingsdorf, J.4    Schwochau, K.5    Idiz, E.F.6
  • 38
    • 52749097984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leith M. J. and Trümpelmann F. (1967) Well Completion Report for Southern Oil Exploration Corporation (PTY) Limited of WE 1/66. Unpublished Report, Council for Geoscience, South Africa.
    • Leith M. J. and Trümpelmann F. (1967) Well Completion Report for Southern Oil Exploration Corporation (PTY) Limited of WE 1/66. Unpublished Report, Council for Geoscience, South Africa.
  • 40
    • 0030462662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 8) extrapolated from experiments and comparison to natural occurrences and polyhedral estimation
    • 8) extrapolated from experiments and comparison to natural occurrences and polyhedral estimation. Eur. J. Mineral. 8 (1996) 755-766
    • (1996) Eur. J. Mineral. , vol.8 , pp. 755-766
    • Mader, U.K.1    Ramseyer, K.2    Daniels, E.J.3    Althaus, E.4
  • 41
    • 0037442057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nitrogen record of crust-mantle interaction and mantle convection from Archean to present
    • Marty B., and Dauphas N. The nitrogen record of crust-mantle interaction and mantle convection from Archean to present. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 206 (2003) 397-410
    • (2003) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.206 , pp. 397-410
    • Marty, B.1    Dauphas, N.2
  • 42
    • 24644524726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated petrographic and geochemical record of hydrocarbon seepage on the Voring Plateau
    • Mazzini A., Aloisi G., Akhmanov G.G., Parnell J., Cronin B.T., and Murphy P. Integrated petrographic and geochemical record of hydrocarbon seepage on the Voring Plateau. J. Geol. Soc. 162 (2005) 815-827
    • (2005) J. Geol. Soc. , vol.162 , pp. 815-827
    • Mazzini, A.1    Aloisi, G.2    Akhmanov, G.G.3    Parnell, J.4    Cronin, B.T.5    Murphy, P.6
  • 43
    • 18644385351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and carbon partitioning in diagenetic and hydrothermal minerals from Paleozoic Black Shales (Selwyn Basin, Yukon Territories, Canada)
    • Orberger B., Gallien J.P., Pinti D.L., Fialin M., Daudin L., Grocke D.R., et al. Nitrogen and carbon partitioning in diagenetic and hydrothermal minerals from Paleozoic Black Shales (Selwyn Basin, Yukon Territories, Canada). Chem. Geol. 218 (2005) 249-264
    • (2005) Chem. Geol. , vol.218 , pp. 249-264
    • Orberger, B.1    Gallien, J.P.2    Pinti, D.L.3    Fialin, M.4    Daudin, L.5    Grocke, D.R.6
  • 44
    • 0027098310 scopus 로고
    • Indicators of methane-derived carbonates and chemosynthetic organic carbon deposits: examples from the Florida escarpment
    • Paull C.K., Chanton J.P., Neumann A.C., Coston J.A., and Martens C.S. Indicators of methane-derived carbonates and chemosynthetic organic carbon deposits: examples from the Florida escarpment. Palaios 7 (1992) 361-375
    • (1992) Palaios , vol.7 , pp. 361-375
    • Paull, C.K.1    Chanton, J.P.2    Neumann, A.C.3    Coston, J.A.4    Martens, C.S.5
  • 49
    • 0027878860 scopus 로고
    • 4-Feldspar in Sandstones-a fingerprint of the diagenesis of organic-matter
    • 4-Feldspar in Sandstones-a fingerprint of the diagenesis of organic-matter. J. Sediment. Petrol. 63 (1993) 1092-1099
    • (1993) J. Sediment. Petrol. , vol.63 , pp. 1092-1099
    • Ramseyer, K.1    Diamond, L.W.2    Boles, J.R.3
  • 50
    • 0029505515 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the electron-probe microanalysis of minerals for the light-elements
    • Raudsepp M. Recent advances in the electron-probe microanalysis of minerals for the light-elements. Can. Mineral. 33 (1995) 203-218
    • (1995) Can. Mineral. , vol.33 , pp. 203-218
    • Raudsepp, M.1
  • 51
    • 0002032947 scopus 로고
    • Diagenesis in Cape and Karoo sediments, South Africa and its bearing on their hydrocarbon potential
    • Rowsell D.M., and De Swardt A.M.J. Diagenesis in Cape and Karoo sediments, South Africa and its bearing on their hydrocarbon potential. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa 79 (1976) 81-145
    • (1976) Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa , vol.79 , pp. 81-145
    • Rowsell, D.M.1    De Swardt, A.M.J.2
  • 52
    • 52749097891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rybka R. and Wolf R. C. (1995) Application of layered synthetic microstructure crystals to WDX microanalysis of ultra-light elements. In X-ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments (eds. D. Wiliams, J. Goldstein and D. Newbury). Plenum, New York.
    • Rybka R. and Wolf R. C. (1995) Application of layered synthetic microstructure crystals to WDX microanalysis of ultra-light elements. In X-ray Spectrometry in Electron Beam Instruments (eds. D. Wiliams, J. Goldstein and D. Newbury). Plenum, New York.
  • 53
    • 0033817795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ammonium partitioning and nitrogen-isotope fractionation among coexisting micas during high-temperature fluid-rock interactions: examples from the New England Appalachians
    • Sadofsky S.J., and Bebout G.E. Ammonium partitioning and nitrogen-isotope fractionation among coexisting micas during high-temperature fluid-rock interactions: examples from the New England Appalachians. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 64 (2000) 2835-2849
    • (2000) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.64 , pp. 2835-2849
    • Sadofsky, S.J.1    Bebout, G.E.2
  • 55
    • 0032416556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Illite-smectites and the influence of burial diagenesis on the geochemical cycling of nitrogen
    • Schroeder P.A., and McLain A.A. Illite-smectites and the influence of burial diagenesis on the geochemical cycling of nitrogen. Clay Miner. 33 (1998) 539-546
    • (1998) Clay Miner. , vol.33 , pp. 539-546
    • Schroeder, P.A.1    McLain, A.A.2
  • 56
    • 0025625401 scopus 로고
    • A review of stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Karoo Basin of South-Africa
    • Smith R.M.H. A review of stratigraphy and sedimentary environments of the Karoo Basin of South-Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 10 (1990) 117-137
    • (1990) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 117-137
    • Smith, R.M.H.1
  • 57
    • 2942611624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seep carbonate formation controlled by hydrothermal vent complexes: a case study from the Voring Basin, the Norwegian Sea
    • Svensen H., Planke S., Jamtveit B., and Pedersen T. Seep carbonate formation controlled by hydrothermal vent complexes: a case study from the Voring Basin, the Norwegian Sea. Geo-Mar. Lett. 23 (2003) 351-358
    • (2003) Geo-Mar. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 351-358
    • Svensen, H.1    Planke, S.2    Jamtveit, B.3    Pedersen, T.4
  • 59
    • 33745614855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and evolution of hydrothermal vent complexes in the Karoo Basin, South Africa
    • Svensen H., Jamtveit B., Planke S., and Chevallier L. Structure and evolution of hydrothermal vent complexes in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. J. Geol. Soc. 163 (2006) 671-682
    • (2006) J. Geol. Soc. , vol.163 , pp. 671-682
    • Svensen, H.1    Jamtveit, B.2    Planke, S.3    Chevallier, L.4
  • 61
    • 33745621729 scopus 로고
    • Silica diagenesis in the Molteno sandstone
    • Turner B.R. Silica diagenesis in the Molteno sandstone. Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa 75 (1972) 55-66
    • (1972) Trans. Geol. Soc. South Africa , vol.75 , pp. 55-66
    • Turner, B.R.1
  • 63
    • 0022268218 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California
    • Von Damm K.L., Edmond J.M., Measures C.I., and Grant B. Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 49 (1985) 2221-2237
    • (1985) Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta , vol.49 , pp. 2221-2237
    • Von Damm, K.L.1    Edmond, J.M.2    Measures, C.I.3    Grant, B.4
  • 64
    • 0028259675 scopus 로고
    • Temperatures of quartz cementation in Jurassic sandstones from the Norwegian Continental-Shelf-evidence from fluid inclusions
    • Walderhaug O. Temperatures of quartz cementation in Jurassic sandstones from the Norwegian Continental-Shelf-evidence from fluid inclusions. J. Sediment. Res. A-Sediment. Petrol. Process. 64 (1994) 311-323
    • (1994) J. Sediment. Res. A-Sediment. Petrol. Process. , vol.64 , pp. 311-323
    • Walderhaug, O.1
  • 66
    • 0027007616 scopus 로고
    • Diagenesis of ammonium during hydrocarbon maturation and migration, Wilcox-Group, Louisiana, USA
    • Williams L.B., Wilcoxon B.R., Ferrell R.E., and Sassen R. Diagenesis of ammonium during hydrocarbon maturation and migration, Wilcox-Group, Louisiana, USA. Appl. Geochem. 7 (1992) 123-134
    • (1992) Appl. Geochem. , vol.7 , pp. 123-134
    • Williams, L.B.1    Wilcoxon, B.R.2    Ferrell, R.E.3    Sassen, R.4
  • 68
    • 52749094550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Woodford A. C., Botha J. F., Chevallier L., Hartnady C., Johnson M. and Meyer R., et al. (2001) Hydrogeology of the Main Karoo Basin: Current Knowledge and Research Needs. Water Research Commission Report, South Africa, Pretoria.
    • Woodford A. C., Botha J. F., Chevallier L., Hartnady C., Johnson M. and Meyer R., et al. (2001) Hydrogeology of the Main Karoo Basin: Current Knowledge and Research Needs. Water Research Commission Report, South Africa, Pretoria.
  • 69
    • 52749099239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worden R. H. and Burley S. D. (2003) Sandstone diagenesis: the evolution of sand to stone. In Sandstone Diagenesis (eds. S. D. Burley and R. H. Worden). International Association of Sedimentologists, Reprint Volume 4.
    • Worden R. H. and Burley S. D. (2003) Sandstone diagenesis: the evolution of sand to stone. In Sandstone Diagenesis (eds. S. D. Burley and R. H. Worden). International Association of Sedimentologists, Reprint Volume 4.
  • 70
    • 0034719725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The isotopic compositions of molecular nitrogen: implications on their origins in natural gas accumulations
    • Zhu Y.N., Shi B.Q., and Fang C.B. The isotopic compositions of molecular nitrogen: implications on their origins in natural gas accumulations. Chem. Geol. 164 (2000) 321-330
    • (2000) Chem. Geol. , vol.164 , pp. 321-330
    • Zhu, Y.N.1    Shi, B.Q.2    Fang, C.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.