Is it necessary to assume an apartheid-like social structure in Early Anglo-Saxon England?

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

Volumn 275, Issue 1650, 2008, Pages 2423-2429

  Pattison, John E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Belgae; Britons; Germanic people; Historical demography; Inverse method; Migration

Indexed keywords

APARTHEID; ARRIVAL DATE; DEMOGRAPHIC HISTORY; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; IMMIGRATION; INVERSE ANALYSIS; SOCIAL STRUCTURE;

ARCHEOLOGY; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; DEMOGRAPHY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; EUROPE; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GEOLOGICAL TIME; GERMANY; HUMAN; IMMIGRATION; LANGUAGE; POPULATION MIGRATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STRUCTURE; UNITED KINGDOM;

ENGLAND; EURASIA; EUROPE; UNITED KINGDOM; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 52749095166     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0352     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Arnold, C. J. 1997 An archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, 2nd edn. London, UK: Routledge.
2. Atkinson, Q. D. & Gray, R. D. 2006a Are accurate dates an intractable problem for historical linguistics? In Mapping our ancestors: phylogenetic approaches in anthropology & prehistory (eds C. P. Lipo, M. J. O'Brien, M. Collard & S. J. Shennan), pp. 269-296. London, UK: Aldine Transaction.
3. Atkinson, Q. D. & Gray, R. D. 2006b How old is the Indo-European language family? Illumination or more moths to the flame? In Phylogenetic methods and the prehistory of languages (eds P. Forster & C. Renfrew), pp. 91-109. Cambridge, UK: The McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.
4. Bassett, S. 2000 How the west was won: the Anglo-Saxon takeover of the West Midlands. Anglo-Saxon Stud. Archaeol. Hist. 11, 107-118.
5. Birchall, A. 1965 The Aylesford-Swarling culture: the problem of the Belgae reconsidered. Proc. Prehist. Soc. 31, 241-367.
6. Breeze, A. 2002 Seven types of Celtic loan words. In The Celtic roots of English (eds M. Filppula, J. Klemola & H. Pitkänen), pp. 175-181. Joensun, Finland: University of Joensun.
7. Capelli, C. et al. 2003 A Y chromosome census of the British Isles. Curr. Biol. 13, 979-984.
8. Davies, N. 1999 The Isles: a history. London, UK: Macmillan.
9. de la Bédoyére, G. 2001 Eagles over Britannia: the Roman army in Britain. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
10. Dobson, B. & Mann, J. C. 1973 The Roman army in Britain and Britons in the Roman army. Britannia 4, 191-205.
11. Filppula, M., Klemola, J. & Pitkänen, H. 2002 Early contacts between English and the Celtic languages. In The Celtic roots of English (eds M. Filppula, J.Klemola&H. Pitkänen), pp. 1-26. Joensun, Finland: University of Joensun.
12. Forster, P. & Toth, A. 2003 Toward a phylogenetic chronology of ancient Gaulish, Celtic and Indo-European. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 9079-9084.
13. Gkiasta, M., Russell, T., Shennan, S. & Steele, J. 2003 Neolithic transition in Europe: the radiocarbon record revisited. Antiquity 77, 45-62.
14. Hamerow, H. 1997 Migration theory and the Anglo-Saxon "identity crisis". In Migrations and invasions in archaeological explanation (eds J. Chapman & H. Hamerow), pp. 33-44. Oxford, UK: Archaeopress.
15. Härke, H. 1990 Warrior graves? The background of the Anglo-Saxon weapon burial rite. Past Present 126, 22-43.
16. Hassall, M.W. C. 1970 Batavians and the Roman conquest of Britain. Britannia 1, 131-136.
17. Hawkes, C. 1968 New thoughts on the Belgae. Antiquity 42, 6-16.
18. Hawkes, C. F. C. & Dunning, G. C. 1930 The Belgae of Gaul and Britain. Archaeol. J. 87, 150-335.
19. Higham, N. 1992 Rome, Britain and the Anglo-Saxons. London, UK: Seaby.
20. Holder, P. A. 1982 The Roman army in Britain. London, UK: Batsford.
21. Lee, R. L. 1974 Estimating series of vital rates and age structures from baptisms and burials: a new technique with application to pre-industrial England. Popul. Stud. 28, 495-512.
22. Malone, K. 1929 Anglo-Saxon: a semantic study. Rev. Engl. Stud. 5, 173-185.
23. Manley, J. 2002 AD43. The Roman invasion of Britain: a reassessment. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
24. Mariën, M. E. 1971 Tribes and archaeological groupings of the La Tène period in Belgium: some observations. In The European community in later prehistory: studies in honour of C.F.C. Hawkes (eds J. Boardman, M. A. Brown & T. G. E. Powell), pp. 212-241. London, UK: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
25. Miles, D. 2005 The tribes of Britain. London, UK: Wiedfeld and Nicholson.
26. Morris, J. 1973 The age of Arthur: a history of the British Isles from 350 to 650. London, UK: Wiedenfeld and Nicholson.
27. Morris, J. 1982 Londinivm: London in the Roman Empire. London, UK: Wiedenfeld and Nicholson. Revised by S. Macready
28. Myres, J.N. L. 1986 The English settlements. The Oxford history of England, vol. 1b. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
29. Oppenheimer, S. 2006 The origins of the British: a genetic detective story. London, UK: Constable and Robinson.
30. Panayi, P. 1995 German immigrants in Britain during the nineteenth century, 1815 to 1914. Providence, RI: Berg Publishers.
31. Pattison, J. E. 2003 The effect of the bubonic plague epidemic on inbreeding in 14th C Britain. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 15, 101-111.
32. Pattison, J. E. 2007 Inbreeding in large semi-isolated populations: effects of varying generation length and of migration. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19, 495-510.
33. Phang, S. E. 2001 The marriage of Roman soldiers (13 B.C.-A.D. 235): law and family in the imperial army. Boston, MA: Brill.
34. Qur'an 1990 The Qur'an. Elmhurst, NY: Tahrike Tarsile Qur'an [Transl. by M. H. Shakir.]
35. Richards, J. D. 2000 Viking age England. Stroud, UK: Tempus.
36. Schutz, H. 1983 The prehistory of Germanic Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
37. Thomas, M. G., Stumpf, M. P. H. & Härke, H. 2006 Evidence for an apartheid-like social structure in Early Anglo-Saxon England. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2651-2657.
38. Todd, M. 2004 The early Germans, 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
39. Torroni, A. et al. 1998 mtDNA analysis reveals a major Late Palaeolithic population expansion from southwestern to northeastern Europe. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 62, 1137-1152.
40. Ward-Perkins, B. 2000 Why did the Anglo-Saxons not become more British? Engl. Hist. Rev. 115, 513-533.
41. Weale, M. E., Weiss, D. A., Jager, R. F., Bradman, N. & Thomas, M. 2002 Y chromosome evidence for Anglo-Saxon mass migration. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 1008-1021.
42. Wilson, J. F., Weiss, D. A., Richards, M., Thomas, M., Bradman, N. & Goldstein, D. B. 2001 Genetic evidence for different male and female roles during cultural transitions in the British Isles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 5078-5083.
43. Wolfram, H. 1997 The Roman Empire and its Germanic peoples. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. [Transl. by T. Dunlap.]
44. Wrigley, E. A. & Schofield, R. S. 1989 The population history of England 1541-1871: a reconstruction, 2nd edn. London, UK: Edward Arnold.