Distributions of nutrients in the East China Sea and the South China Sea connection

Journal of Oceanography

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 737-751

  Chen, Chen Tung Arthur ^a  

^a NATIONAL SUN YAT SEN UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

East China Sea; Fluxes; Kuroshio; Nutrients; South China Sea; Teleconnection

Indexed keywords

CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); NITRATE; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; PHOSPHATE; SEAWATER; SILICATE; TELECONNECTION; UPWELLING; WATER FLOW;

ASIA; EAST CHINA SEA; EURASIA; FAR EAST; KUROSHIO CURRENT; LUZON STRAIT; OKINAWA TROUGH; PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA; TAIWAN STRAIT;

EID: 52749094257     PISSN: 09168370     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10872-008-0062-9     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Aller, R. C., C. H. Wang, J. C. Jin, F. Tsai and Y. N. Sui (1983): Early chemical diagenesis and sediment-water solute exchange in the East China Sea. p. 133-135. In International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf, with Special Reference to the East China Sea, Treatise abstract, Hangzhou, China.
2. Beardsley, R. C., R. Limeburner, H. Yu and G. A. Cannon (1985): Discharge of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) into the East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 4, 57-76.
3. Carbon Cycle Research Unit (1982): The amount of carbon transported to the sea by the Yangtze and Huanghe rivers (People's Republic of China) during the half year July-December, 1981. p. 437-448. In Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers, Part 1, SCOPE/UNEP, Vol. 52, ed. by E. T. Degens, Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
4. Cauwet, G. and F. T. Mackenzie (1993): Carbon inputs and distribution in estuaries of turbid rivers: The Yangtze and Yellow Rivers (China). Mar. Chem., 43, 235-246.
5. Chang, P.-H. and A. Isobe (2003): A numerical study on the Yangtze diluted water in the Yellow and East China Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C9), doi:10.1029/2002JC001749.
6. Chen, C. S., R. C. Beardsley, R. Limeburner and K. Kim (1994): Comparison of winter and summer hydrographic observations in the Yellow and East China seas and adjacent Kuroshio during 1986. Cont. Shelf Res., 14, 909-929.
7. Chen, C. S., J. R. Zhu, R. C. Beardsley and P. J. S. Franks (2003): Physical-biological sources for dense algal blooms near the Changjiang River. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1515, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016391.
8. Chen, C. T. A. (1996): The Kuroshio intermediate water is the major source of nutrients on the East China Sea continental shelf. Oceanol. Acta, 19, 523-527.
9. Chen, C. T. A. (R000): The Three Gorges Dam: reducing the upwelling and thus productivity of the East China Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 381-383.
10. Chen, C. T. A. (2003): Rare northward flow in the Taiwan Strait in winter: A note. Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 387-391.
11. Chen, C. T. A. (2004): Vertical distributions of pH and fluorescence in the western tropical Indian Ocean - the INDIGO 2 expedition. Terr. Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 5(1), 70-90.
12. Chen, C. T. A. (2005): Tracing tropical and intermediate waters from the South China Sea to the Okinawa Trough and beyond. J. Geophys. Res., 110, C05012, doi:10.1029/2004JC002494.
13. Chen, C. T. A. (2008): Chemical and physical fronts in the Bohai, Yellow and East China Seas. J. Mar. Syst. (in press).
14. Chen, C. T. A. and L. Y. Hsing (2005): Degree of nutrient consumption as an aging index of upwelling or vertically mixed water in the Northern Taiwan Strait. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 24, 115-124.
15. Chen, C. T. A. and M. H. Huang (1996): A mid-depth front separating the South China Sea water and the West Philippine Sea water. J. Oceanogr., 52, 17-25.
16. Chen, C. T. A. and D. D. Sheu (2006): Does the Taiwan Warm Current originate in the Taiwan Strait in winter-time? J. Geophys. Res., 111, C04005, doi:10.1029/2005JC003281.
17. Chen, C. T. A. and S. Tsunogai (1998): Carbon and nutrients in the ocean. p. 271-307. In Asian Change in the Context of Global Change, ed. by J. N. Galloway and J. M. Melillio, Cambridge Univ. Press.
18. Chen, C. T. A. and S. L. Wang (1998): Influence of intermediate water in the western Okinawa Trough by the outflow from the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12683-12688.
19. Chen, C. T. A. and S. L. Wang (1999): Carbon, alkalinity and nutrient budget on the East China Sea continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 20675-20686.
20. Chen, C. T. A. and S. L. Wang (2006): A salinity front in the southern East China Sea separating the Chinese coastal and Taiwan Strait waters from Kuroshio waters. Cont. Shelf Res., 26, 1636-1653.
21. Chen, C. T. A., P. Holligan, H. S. Hong, K. Iseki, S. Krishnaswami, R. Wollast and J. Yoder (1994): Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone. JGOFS Report No. 15, SCOR, 20 pp.
22. Chen, C. T. A., R. Ruo, S. C. Pai, C. T. Liu and G. T. F. Wong (1995): Exchange of water masses between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio off northeastern Taiwan. Cont. Shelf Res., 15, 19-39.
23. Chen, C. T. A., C. M. Lin, B. T. Huang and L. F. Chang (1996): The stoichiometry of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen in the particular matter of the western North Pacific marginal seas. Mar. Chem., 54, 179-190.
24. Chen, C. T. A., S. L. Wang, B. J. Wang and S. C. Pai (2001): Nutrient budgets for the South China Sea basin. Mar. Chem., 75, 281-300.
25. Chen, C. T. A., K. K. Liu and R. MacDonald (2003): Continental Margin Exchanges. p. 53-97. In Ocean Biogeochemistry: A JGOFS Synthesis, ed. by M. J. R. Fasham, Springer.
26. 3 saturation state of the South China Sea. Mar. Chem., 101, 277-305.
27. Chen, D. X. (1992): Marine Atlas of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea: Hydrology. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 530 pp. (in Chinese).
28. Chen, J. S., F. Y. Wang, X. H. Xia and L. T. Zhang (2002): Major element chemistry of the Changjiang (Yangtze River). Chem. Geol., 187, 231-255.
29. Chen, M. P., C. C. Chang, F. L. Lin, C. C. Liu, H. W. Li, G. C. Gong, J. J. Huang and Y. L. Lee (1992): The KEEP-MASS data report. R/V Ocean Researcher 1 Reg. Instrum. Cent., Taipei, Taiwan, 728 pp.
30. Chen, S. H., Y. Q. Gu, M. G. Liu, M. X. Zhang, S. H. Yang, J. Li and X. K. Lu (1993): Nutrient distribution in the estuary. p. 282-294. In Estuarine and Marine Chemistry of Huanghe Estuary, ed. by Z. B. Zhang, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
31. Chen, S. T. and L. P. Zhang (1992): Distributions of chemical elements with relation to major water circulation in the central and northern parts of the Taiwan Strait. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 10(2), 168-177.
32. Chen, Y. L. (1994): The importance of temperature and nitrate to the distribution of phytoplankton in the Kuroshio-induced upwelling, northeast of Taiwan. Proceedings of National Science Council - Part B: Life Science, 18, 44-51.
33. Chen, Y. L., H. Lu, F. Shiah, G. Gong, K. Liu and J. Kanda (1999): New production and f-ratio on the continental shelf of the East China Sea: comparisons between nitrate inputs from the subsurface Kuroshio Current and the Changjiang River. Estuar., Coast. Shelf Sci., 48, 59-75.
34. Chen, Y. L., H. Y. Chen, W. H. Lee, C. C. Hung, G. T. F. Wong and J. Kanda (2001): New production in the East China Sea, comparison between well-mixed winter and stratified summer conditions. Cont. Shelf Res., 21(6-7), 751-764.
35. Chen, Z. X., D. H. Zhuang, M. S. Xu, Y. D. Wu and F. X. Li (1979): Physico-chemical processes of silicates in the estuarial region III. Preliminary in situ studies of the mechanism of reactive silicate removal in the estuarial region - The distribution of suspended Si, Fe, and Al. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 1, 219-226.
36. Chern, C. S., J. Wang and D. P. Wang (1990): The exchange of Kuroshio and East China Sea shelf water. J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16017-16023.
37. Chu, S. P. and K. C. Young (1950): The variation with depth of certain nutrient salts for phytoplankton growth and some other properties of water in the fishing ground east of Chusan Islands in the Chinese East Sea. Kexue, 31, 181-182.
38. Chuang, W. S. (1986): A note on the driving mechanisms of current in the Taiwan Strait. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 42, 355-361.
39. Chung, C. S., S. H. Kim, D. J. Kang and G. H. Hong (1991): Primary productivity and dynamics of nutrients and dissolved oxygen in summer in the Central Yellow Sea. The Yellow Sea Res., 4, 89-102.
40. Chung, C. S., G. H. Hong, S. H. Kim, J. H. Lim, J. K. Park and D. B. Yang (1998): Shore based observation on wet deposition of inorganic nutrients in the Korean Yellow Sea coast. The Yellow Sea Res., 4, 30-39.
41. Chung, C. S., G. H. Hong, S. H. Kim, J. K. Park, Y. I. Kim, D. S. Moon, I. K. Bang, B. D. Wang, G. Y. Wang and D. B. Yang (1999): The distributional characteristics and budget of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Yellow Sea. p. 41-68. In Biogeochemical Processes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, ed. by G. H. Hong, J. Zhang and C. S. Chung, The Dongjin Publication Association, Seoul.
42. Chung, S. W., S. Jan and K. K. Liu (2001): Nutrient fluxes through the Taiwan Strait in spring and summer, 1999. J. Oceanogr., 57, 47-53.
43. Crossland, C. J., H. H. Kremer, H. J. Lindeboom, J. I. M. Crossland and M. D. A. Le Tissier (2005): Coastal Fluxes in the Anthropocene. Springer, Berlin, 231 pp.
44. Cui, Y. and Y. L. Song (1996): Study on evaluation of nutrient status in the Bohai Sea. Mar. Fish. Res., 17(1), 57-62 (in Chinese).
45. Cui, Y., Q. F. Yang and Y. L. Song (1994): Distribution of phosphate and dissolved oxygen and their relation in the Bohai Sea in summer. Mar. Environ. Sci., 13(4), 31-35 (in Chinese).
46. DeMaster, D., C. Nittrouer and R. C. Aller (1983): Uptake, dissolution and accumulation of silica near the Changjiang River mouth. p. 40-41. In International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf, with Special Reference to the East China Sea, Treatise abstract, Hangzhou, China.
47. Duan, S. W., S. Zhang and H. Y. Huang (2000): Transport of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the major rivers to estuaries in China. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 57, 13-22.
48. Edmond, J. M. (1983): Chemistry of the Changjiang estuary and plume. p. 43-44. In International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf, with Special Reference to the East China Sea, Treatise abstract, Hangzhou, China.
49. Edmond, J. M., A. Spivack, B. C. Grant, M. H. Hu, Z. X. Chen, S. Chen and X. S. Zeng (1985): Chemical-dynamics of the Changjiang estuary. Cont. Shelf Res., 4(1-2), 17-36.
50. Fang, Z. G. and Y. X. Mu (2001): Research in the trend of Eutrophication in Liao Dong Bay of Bo Sea. Environ. Protected Sci., 27(105), 15-17 (in Chinese).
51. Fu, R. B. and H. T. Shen (2002): The fluxes of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus at freshwater end-member in the Changjiang Estuary. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 24(4), 34-43 (in Chinese with English abstract).
52. Fujian Oceanological Institute (1988): A Comprehensive Oceanographic Survey of the Central and Northern Part of the Taiwan Strait. Kexue, Beijing, 423 pp. (in Chinese).
53. Gan, W. B., H. M. Chen and Y. F. Han (1983): Carbon transport by the Yangtze (at Nanjing) and Huanghe (at Jinan) Rivers, People's Republic of China. p. 459-470. In Transport of Carbon and Minerals in Major World Rivers Part 2, SCOPE/UNEP, Vol. 55, ed. by E. T. Degens, S. Kempe and H. Soliman, Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
54. Gao, H. W., D. X. Wu, J. Bai, J. H. Shi, Z. Y. Li and W. S. Jiang (2003): Distributions of environmental parameters in Laizhou Bay in summer, 2000. Journal of Ocean University of Qingdao, 33(2), 185-191 (in Chinese).
55. Gao, S. Q., Y. A. Lin, M. M. Jin and D. W. Gao (2004): Distribution features of nutrients and nutrient structure in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea in spring and autumn. Donghai Mar. Sci., 22(4), 38-50 (in Chinese with English abstract).
56. Gong, G. C., K. K. Liu and S. C. Pai (1995): Prediction of nitrate concentration from two end member mixing in the southern East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 15, 827-842.
57. Gong, G. C., Y. L. Chen and K. K. Liu (1996): Chemical hydrography and chlorophyll a distribution in the East China Sea in summer: Implications in nutrient dynamics. Cont. Shelf Res., 16(12), 1561-1590.
58. Gong, G. C., Y. H. Wen, B. W. Wang and G. J. Liu (2003): Seasonal chlorophyll a concentration, primary production and environment conditions in the subtropical East China Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II, 50, 1219-1236.
59. Grant, B. C., J. M. Edmond, A. Spivack, M. H. Hu and Z. X. Chen (1983): Chemical dynamics of the estuary of the Changjiang. EOS, 64, 715.
60. Gu, H. K. (1982): The nitrogen cycle near the estuary of the Yangtze River. Collected Oceanic Works, 5, 48-66.
61. Gu, H. K. (1991): Marine Chemistry of the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Science Press, Beijing, 500 pp. (in Chinese).
62. 3-Si and pH in China coastal sea water. Special Report, 300 pp. (in Chinese).
63. Gu, H. K., X. X. Xiong, M. X. Liu and Y. Li (1981): Marine geochemistry of nitrogen near estuary of Yangtze River I. Nitrate in sea water near estuary. J. Shandong College Oceanol., 11(4), 37-46.
64. Gu, H. K., Q. R. Wei, Y. Y. Wu and C. X. Jiang (1982a): Marine geochemistry of nitrogen near estuary of Yangtze River III. Organic nitrogen in sea water near estuary. Transactions Oceanol. Limnol., 2, 1-8.
65. Gu, H. K., X. N. Ma, W. R. Shen, G. F. Ren, Z. Chen, H. X. Diao, G. J. Li and L. Y. Zhang (1982b): Marine geochemistry of nitrogen near estuary of Changjiang River II. Nitrite and ammonia in sea water near estuary. J. Shandong College Oceanol., 12, 31-38.
66. Guo, B. H., J. C. Huang, P. Y. Li, W. D. Zi, G. Y. Liu and J. P. Xu (2003): Marine Environment in Chinese Coastal and Adjacent Seas. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 446 pp. (in Chinese).
67. Guo, B. H., J. J. Huang, P. Y. Li, W. D. Ji, G. Y. Liu and J. P. Xu (2004): Marine Environment of Coastal and Shore Regions of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 446 pp. (in Chinese).
68. Guo, X., Y. Miyazawa and T. Yamagata (2006): The Kuroshio onshore intrusion along the shelf break of the East China Sea: The origin of the Tsushima Warm Current. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 2205-2231.
69. Guo, Y. J. (1994): Primary productivity and phytoplankton in China seas. p. 227-242. In Oceanology of China Seas, Vol. 1, ed. by D. Zhou, Y. B. Liang and C. K. Zeng (Tseng), Kluwer Academic Publishers.
70. Hong, G. H., S. H. Kim, C. S. Chung, D. J. Kang J. K. Choi, T. S. Lee and J. Y. Chung (1995a): Nutrients and biogeochemical provinces in the Yellow Sea. p. 114-128. In International Symposium on Global Fluxes of Carbon and Its Related Substances in the Coastal Sea-Ocean-Atmosphere System, M & J International, Yokohama, Japan.
71. Hong, G. H., S. H. Kim, C. S. Chung and S. J. Pae (1995b): The role of the anthropogenic nutrient input in the carbon fixation of the coastal ocean Yellow Sea: A preliminary study. p. 13-22. In Direct Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide, ed. by N. Handa and T. Ohsumi, Terra Scientific Publishing Company (TERRAPUB), Tokyo.
72. Hong, G. H., J. Zhang and C. S. Chung (1999): Biogeochemical Processes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea. The Dongjin Publication Association, Seoul. 274 pp.
73. Hong, H. S. and M. H. Dai (1994): Biogeochemical studies of biologically important elements in the Taiwan Strait. p. 201-212. In Oceanology of China Seas, Vol. 1, ed. by D. Zhou, Y. B. Liang and C. K. Zeng (Tseng), Kluwer Academic Publishers.
74. Hsin, Y. C., C. R. Wu and P. T. Shaw (2008): Spatial and temporal variations of the Kuroshio east of Taiwan, 1982-2005: A numerical study. J. Geophys. Res., 113, C04002, doi:10.1029/2007JC004485.
75. Hsueh, Y., H.-J. Lie and H. Ichikawa (1996): On the branching of the Kuroshio west of Kyushu. J. Geophys. Res., 101, 3851-3857.
76. Hu, D. X. and Z. S. Yang (2001): The Crucial Processes of Material Flux for the East China Sea. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 205 pp. (in Chinese).
77. Hu, J. Y., H. X. Liang and X. B. Zhang (1999a): Sectional distribution of salinity and its indication of Kuroshio's intrusion in the southern Taiwan Strait and northeastern South China Sea in late summer, 1994. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 18, 225-236.
78. Hu, J. Y., H. X. Liang and X. B. Zhang (1999b): Distributional features of temperature and salinity in the southern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent sea areas in late summer, 1994. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 18, 237-246.
79. Hu, J. Y., H. S. Hong, Z. Z. Chen, Z. G. He, J. S. Hong and H. X. Liang (1999c): Analysis on features of temperature and salinity in the northern Taiwan Straits during February-March, 1998. Mar. Sci. Bull., 18, 11-16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
80. Hu, M. H., Y. P. Yang, C. L. Xu and P. J. Harrison (1989): Phosphate limitation of phytoplankton growth in the Changjiang estuary. Oceanol. Sinica, 11(4), 439-443 (in Chinese with English abstract).
81. Huang, S. G., J. D. Yang, W. D. Ji, X. L. Yang and G. X. Chen (1983a): Silicon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the Changjiang river mouth water. p. 220-228. In International Symposium on Sediment on the Continental Shelf With Special Reference to the East China Sea, Springer-Verlag, New York.
82. Huang, S. G., J. D. Yang, W. D. Ji, X. L. Yang and G. X. Chen (1983b): Reactive silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrients in the Changjiang estuarine water. p. 42. In International Symposium on Sedimentation on the Continental Shelf, with Special Reference to the East China Sea, Treatise Abstract, Hangzhou, China.
83. Huang, S. G., J. D. Yang and W. D. Ji (1986): Spatial and temporal variation of reactive Si, N, P and their relationship in the Changjiang estuary water. Taiwan Strait, 5(2), 114-123 (in Chinese with English abstract).
84. Hung, J. J., C. H. Chen, G. C. Gong, D. D. Sheu and F. K. Shiah (2003): Distributions, stoichiometric patterns and cross-shelf exports of dissolved organic matter in the East China Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II, 50, 1127-1145.
85. Hung, J. J., C. L. Chan and G. C. Gong (2007): Summer distribution and geochemical composition of suspended-particulate matter in the East China Sea. J. Oceanogr., 63(2), 189-202.
86. Ichikawa, H., H. Nakamura, A. Nishina, T. Ichikawa, M. Sakurai, G. P. Gao and H. Maeda (2003): Water mass discrimination in the East China Sea using nutrients in June 2001. p. 2-2-1-4. In Proceedings, Extended Abstract Volume of The 12th PAMS/JECSS Workshop, April 14-16, 2003, Hangzhou, China.
87. IGBP (1994): Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone Implementation Plan. 215 pp.
88. Iseki, K. (1995): Role of continent margins in the global biogeochemical cycles: Japanese MASFLEX program. p. 51-56. In An Interim Report of IGBP Activities in Japan, 1990-1994, Science of Council of Japan.
89. Isobe, A. and R. C. Beardsley (2006): An estimate of the crossfrontal transport at the shelf break of the East China Sea with the Finite Volume Coastal Ocean Model. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C03012, doi: 10.1029/ 2005JC003290.
90. Isobe, A., E. Fujiwara, P.-H. Chang, K. Sugimatsu, M. Shimizu, T. Matsuno and A. Manda (2004): Intrusion of less saline shelf water into the Kuroshio subsurface layer in the East China Sea. J. Oceanogr., 60, 853-863.
91. Ito, T., A. Kaneko, H. Tsubota and N. Gohda (1994): The characteristic distribution of silica over the East China Sea Shelf slope. J. Oceanogr., 50, 465-477.
92. Jan, S. and S. Y. Chao (2003): Seasonal variation of volume transport in the major inflow channel of the Taiwan Strait: Penghu Channel. Deep-Sea Res. II, 50(6-7), 1117-1126.
93. JGOFS (1992): Joint Global Ocean Flux Implementation Plan (also published as IGBP Report No. 23). JGOFS Report No. 9, 75 pp.
94. Ji, M. H. (1979): Progress of researches in marine chemistry in China. Huaxue Tongbao, 4, 299-301.
95. Jiao, N. Z., Y. Zhang, Y. H. Zeng, W. D. Gardner, A. V. Mishonov, M. J. Richardson, N. Hong, D. L. Pan, X. H. Yan, Y. H. Jo, C. T. A. Chen, P. X. Wang, Y. Y. Chen, H. S. Hong, Y. Bai, X. H. Chen, B. Q. Huang, H. Deng, Y. Shi and D. H. Yang (2007): Ecological anomalies in the East China Sea: Impacts of the Three Gorges Dam? Water Res., 41, 1287-1293.
96. Kempe, SA (1995): Coastal seas: a net source or sink of atmospheric carbon dioxide? LOICZ Report and Studies, No. 1, LOICZ International Project Office, Texel, 27 pp.
97. Ko, D. S., R. H. Preller, G. A. Jacobs, T. Y. Tang and S. F. Lin (2003): Transport reversals at Taiwan Strait during October and November 1999. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C11), 3370, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001836.
98. KORDI (1987): Oceanographic Atlas of Korean Waters. Vol. 1, Yellow Sea. 147 pp.
99. KORDI (1993): Oceanographic Atlas of Korean Waters. Vol. 2, South Sea. 157 pp.
100. Lee, J. S. and T. Matsuno (2007): Intrusion of Kuroshio water onto the continental shelf of the East China Sea. J. Oceanogr., 63(2), 309-325.
101. Lee, Y. C., Y. S. Qin and R. Y. Liu (1998): Yellow Sea Atlas. Ho Yong Publishing Co., The Republic of Korea, 524 pp.
102. Li, F. S., Y. D. Wu, L. F. Wang and Z. H. Chen (1964): Physicochemical processes of silicates in the estuarial region I. A preliminary investigation on the distribution and variation of reactive silicate content and the factors affecting them. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 6(4), 311-322.
103. Li, F. X. (1979a): An analysis of the mechanism of removal of reactive silicate in the estuarial region. Oceanic Selections, 2, 1-16.
104. Li, F. X. (1979b): An analysis of the mechanism of removal of reactive silicate in the estuarial region. Collected Oceanic Works, 1, 47-62.
105. Li, F. X. (1980): Physico-chemical processes of silicates in the estuarial region IV. An analysis of the mechanism of removal of reactive silicate in the estuarial region. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 2, 43-56.
106. Li, Q. X. (1990): Marine Atlas of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea: Marine Geology and Geophysics. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 82 pp. (in Chinese).
107. Liao, G. H., Y. C. Yuan and X. H. Xu (2007): Diagnostic calculation of the circulation in the South China Sea during summer 1998. J. Oceanogr., 63(2), 161-178.
108. Lie, H.-J. and C.-H. Cho (1994): On the origin of the Tsushima Warm Current. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 25081-25092.
109. Lie, H.-J. and C.-H. Cho (2002): Recent advances in understanding the circulation and hydrography of the East China Sea. Fish. Oceanogr., 11(6), 318-328.
110. Lie, H.-J., C.-H. Cho, J.-H. Lee, P. Niller and J.-H. Hu (1998): Separation of the Kuroshio water and its penetration onto the continental shelf west of Kyushu. J. Geophys. Res., 103(C2), 2963-2976.
111. Lin, K., Z. S. Chen, G. H. Guo and Y. X. Tang (1999): Seasonal transport and exchange between the Kuroshio water and shelf water. p. 21-32. In Margin Flux in the East China Sea, ed. by D. X. Hu and S. Tsunogai, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
112. Lin, S. F., T. Y. Tang, S. Jan and C. J. Chen (2005): Taiwan Strait current in winter. Cont. Shelf Res., 25, 1023-1042, doi:10.1016/ j.csr.2004.12.008.
113. Liu, C., Z. Y. Wang, G. He and Y. S. Wu (2003): Analysis on water quality of the estuary around Bohai Bay. Pollution and Control of the Environment, 25(4), 222-225 (in Chinese).
114. Liu, K. K., G. C. Gong, S. Lin, C. Y. Wang, C. L. Wei, S. C. Pai and C. K. Wu (1992): The year-round upwelling at the shelf break near the northern tip of Taiwan as evidenced by chemical hydrography. Terr., Atmos. Oceanic Sci., 3, 243-275.
115. Liu, K. K., T. Y. Tang, G. C. Gong, L. Y. Chen and F. K. Shiah (2000): Cross-shelf and along-shelf nutrient fluxes derived from flow fields and chemical hydrography observed in the southern East China Sea off northern Taiwan. Cont. Shelf Res., 20, 493-523.
116. Liu, S. M. and J. Zhang (2000): Chemical oceanography of nutrient elements in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Mar. Sci. Bull., 2(2), 76-85.
117. Liu, S. M., J. Zhang, S. Z. Chen, H. T. Chen, G. H. Hong, H. Wei and Q. M. Wu (1999): Inventory of nutrient compounds in the Yellow Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 1161-1174.
118. Liu, S. M., H. T. Chen, Q. M. Wu, S. Z. Chen, J. Zhang and G. H. Hong (2003a): N, P and Si compounds in the South Yellow Sea. p. 21-40. In Biogeochemical Processes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, ed. by G. H. Hong, J. Zhang and C. S. Chung, The Dongjin Publication Association, Seoul.
119. Liu, S. M., J. Zhang, H. T. Chen, H. Wu, H. Xiong and Z. F. Zhang (2003b): Nutrients in the Changjiang and its tributaries. Biogeochemistry, 62, 1-18.
120. Liu, X. C., H. T. Shen and Q. H. Huang (2002): Concentration variation and flux estimation of dissolved inorganic nutrient from the Changjianag River into its estuary. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 32(5), 332-340 (in Chinese with English abstract).
121. Liu, X. Q. (2001): Distribution features of T-S and chemical constituents at the PN section in the East China Sea during summer. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 32(2), 204-212 (in Chinese with English abstract).
122. Lu, S. Y., Q. E. Yao and Z. Chen (1991): Transport patterns of inorganic nutrients from the continental shelf of the East China Sea. p. 123-131. In Selected Papers of Kuroshio Research (III), China Ocean Press, Beijing.
123. Lü, X. A., F. L. Qiao, C. S. Xia, J. R. Zhu and Y. L. Yuan (2006): Upwelling off Yangtze River estuary in summer. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11S08, doi:10.1029/2005JC003250.
124. Lu, X. Q., C. J. Zhu, A. B. Zhang and Z. L. Shi (1985): The characteristics of nutrient distribution in the southwest Bohai Sea and Huanghe Estuary in summer. J. Shandong College Oceanol., 15(1), 146-158.
125. Lu, X. Q., C. J. Zhu, A. B. Zhang and Z. L. Shi (1993): Characteristics of nutrient distribution in the Huanghe estuary and the southwestern Bohai Sea in summer. p. 255-266. In Estuarine and Marine Chemistry of Huanghe Estuary, ed. by Z. B. Zhang, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
126. Ma, J. C. (2001): Change of river discharge into sea early in 21st century and its effects on water quality and ecosystem in the Changjiang River estuary. Mar. Sci., 25(4), 31-34 (in Chinese).
127. Ma, L. M., R. Qiao, B. Zhang, Z. Q. Huang and Y. H. Zhang (1999): Carbon dioxide in the East China Sea. p. 113-123. In Margin Flux in the East China Sea, ed. by D. X. Hu and S. Tsunogai, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
128. Mao, H. L. and B. Guan (1982): A note on the circulation of the East China Sea. Chinese J. Oceanol. Limnol., 1, 5-16.
129. Matsuno, T., J. S. Lee, M. Shimizu, S. H. Kim and I. C. Pang (2006): Measurements of the turbulent energy dissipation rate ε and an evaluation of the dispersion process of the Changjiang Diluted Water in the East China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11S09, doi:10.1029/ 2005JC003196.
130. Milliman, J. D., Q. H. Xie and Z. C. Yang (1984): Transfer of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen from the Changjiang river to the ocean. Amer. J. Sci., 284, 824-834.
131. Niino, H. and K. O. Emery (1961): Sedimnet of shallow portions of East China Sea and South China Sea. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 72, 731-762.
132. Nitani, H. (1972): Beginning of the Kuroshio. p. 129-163. In Kuroshio, ed. by H. Stommel and K. Yoshida, Univ. Washington Press.
133. Pang, I. C., K. H. Hyun and C. S. Hong (2003): Changjiang coastal water around Cheju Island in summer. p. 6-5-1-5. In Proceedings, Extended Abstract Volume of The 12th PAMS/JECSS Workshop, April 14-16, 2003, Hangzhou, China.
134. Qiao, F. L., Y. Z. Yang, X. A. Lü, C. S. Xia, X. Y. Chen, B. D. Wang and Y. L. Yuan (2006): Coastal upwelling in the East China Sea in winter. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11S06, doi: 10.1029/2005JC003264.
135. Saino, T. and A. Hattori (1980): Nitrogen fixation by Trichodesmium and its significance in nitrogen cycling in the Kuroshio area and adjacent waters. p. 697-709. In The Kuroshio IV. Proceeding of the Fourth Symposium for the Cooperative Study of the Kuroshio and Adjacent Regions, The Japan Academy, Tokyo, 14-17 February, 1979.
136. Seung, Y. H. (1999): A geostrophic adjustment model of shelfward intrusion of oceanic upper water across a depth discontinuity: implication to the Kuroshio region. Cont. Shelf Res., 19, 247-269.
137. Shan, Z. X., Z. H. Zheng, H. Y. Xing, X. J. Liu, X. B. Liu and Y. H. Liu (2000): Study on eutrophication in Laizhou Bay of Bohai. Trans. Oceanol. Limnol., 2, 41-46 (in Chinese).
138. Shen, Z. L., H. X. Diao and X. B. Zhu (1984): Distribution of silicate and phosphate in sea water and interstitial water of the sediments in the East China Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 15 (3), 214-221 (in Chinese with English abstract).
139. Shen, Z. L., X. L. Liu and J. P. Lu (1989): Inorganic nitrogen and phosphate in estuary of the Huanghe River and its near waters. Studia Mar. Sinica, 30, 51-79 (in Chinese with English abstract).
140. Shen, Z. L., J. P. Lu, X. L. Liu and H. X. Diao (1992): Distribution characters of the nutrients in the Changjiang River estuary and the effect of the Three Gorges Project on it. Studia Mar. Sinica, 33, 109-129 (in Chinese with English abstract).
141. Shen, Z. L., Q. Liu, S. M. Zhang, H. Miao and P. Zhang (2001): The dominant controlling factors of high content inorganic nitrogen in the Changjiang River and its mouth. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 32(5), 465-473 (in Chinese with English abstract).
142. Shin, K. H., T. Hama and N. Handa (2003): Effect of nutrient conditions on the composition of photosynthetic products in the East China Sea and surrounding waters. Deep-Sea Res. II, 50, 389-401.
143. Song, Y. T. (2006): Estimation of interbasin transport using ocean bottom pressure: Theory and model for Asian marginal seas. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11S19, doi:10.1029/2005JC003189.
144. Su, Y. S. and X. C. Weng (1994): Water masses in China Seas. p. 3-16. In Oceanology of China Seas, ed. by D. Zhou, Y. B. Liang and C. K. Zeng, Kluwer Academic Publishers, the Netherlands.
145. Sun, B. Y., S. R. Yu and E. L. Hao (1986): Marine Chemistry, Sect. 4, Soluble phosphate. J. Shandong College Oceanol., 16(1), 172-181 (in Chinese).
146. Swift, J. H., N. L. Mantyla, J. R. Osborne and P. K. Salameh (1990): TPS 24-Transpacific Cruise, 1985 - physical, chemical and CTD data report. Ref. 90-36, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Calif., 463 pp.
147. Tang, Q. and J. L. Su (2000): Study on Ecosystem Dynamics in Coastal Ocean: I. Key Scientific Questions and Research Strategies. Science Press, Beijing, 252 pp. (in Chinese).
148. Tang, R., H. Dong and F. Wang (1990): Biogeochemical behavior of nitrogen and phosphate in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent waters. p. 322-334. In Biogeochemical Study of the Changjiang Estuary, ed. by G. Yu, J. M. Martin, J. Zhou, H. Windom and R. Dawson, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
149. Teague, W. J., G. A. Jacobs, D. S. Ko, T. Y. Tang, K.-I. Chang and M.-S. Suk (2003): Connectivity of the Taiwan, Cheju, and Korea Straits. Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 63-77.
150. Tian, J. Y. (1983): The preliminary research of organic pollutions and red-tide organisms near the estuary of Yellow River. Mar. Environ. Sci., 2(1), 46-50 (in Chinese).
151. Tian, R. C., F. X. Hu and J. M. Martin (1993): Summer nutrient fronts in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary. Estuar., Coast. Shelf Sci., 37, 27-41.
152. Tsunogai, S. (1991): Contribution of Kosa to oceanic biological production. p. 233-239. In Kosa: Science of the Atmosphere and Hydrosphere. Water Research Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan (in Japanese).
153. Tsunogai, S., S. Watanabe, J. Nakamura, T. Ono and T. Sato (1997): A preliminary study of carbon system in the East China Sea. J. Oceanogr., 53, 9-17.
154. Tsurushima, N., S. Watanabe and S. Tsunogai (1996): Methane in the East China Sea water. J. Oceanogr., 52, 221-233.
155. Tsurushima, N., S. Watanabe and S. Tsunogai (1999): Methane in the East China Sea water. p. 141-146. In Margin Flux in the East China Sea, ed. by D. Hu and S. Tsunogai, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
156. Uzuka, N., S. Watanabe and S. Tsunogai (1994): Dimethylsulfide in coastal zone of the East China Sea. Paper presented at International Symposium on Global Fluxes of Carbon and Its Related Substances, Sapporo, Japan, Nov. 14-17, 1994.
157. Wang, B., G. Wang and F. Liu (1998): Distribution features of the chemical parameters in the Southern Yellow Sea in spring. Mar. Environ. Sci., 17(3), 45-50 (in Chinese with English abstract).
158. Wang, B. D. (1999): Vertical profiles and transportation of nutrients in the Southern Yellow Sea. Mar. Environ. Sci., 18(1), 13-18 (in Chinese with English abstract).
159. Wang, B. D. (2000): Characteristics of variations and interrelations of biogenic elements in the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 22(6), 47-54 (in Chinese with English abstract).
160. Wang, B. D. and G. Y. Wang (1999): Horizontal distributions and transportation of nutrients in the southern Huanghai Sea. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 21(6), 124-129 (in Chinese with English abstract).
161. Wang, B. D. and X. L. Wang (2006): Impact of the exceptionally high flood from the Changjiang River on the aquatic chemical distributions on the Huanghai Sea and East China Sea shelves in the summer of 1998. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 25(4), 43-52.
162. Wang, B. D. and X. L. Wang (2007): Chemical hydrography of coastal upwelling in the East China Sea. Chinese J. Oceanol. Limnol., 25(1), 16-26.
163. Wang, B. D., F. Liu and R. Zhan (2001): A review of the biogeochemical study on biogenic elements in the Yellow Sea. Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai & Bohai Seas, 19(2), 99-106 (in Chinese with English abstract).
164. Wang, B. D., R. Zhan and J. Y. Zang (2002): Distributions and transportation of nutrients in Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas. Acta Oceanol. Sinica, 24(1), 53-58 (in Chinese with English abstract).
165. Wang, B. D., X. L. Wang and R. Zhan (2003): Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Estuar., Coast. Shelf Sci., 58(1), 127-136.
166. Wang, J. and C. S. Chern (1988): On the Kuroshio branch in the Taiwan Strait during wintertime. Prog. Oceangr., 21, 469-491.
167. Wang, S. L. and C. T. A. Chen (1998). Bottom water at the center of the north East China Sea in summer: Remnant winter water. Cont. Shelf Res., 18, 1573-1580.
168. Wang, S. L., C. T. A. Chen, G. H. Hong and C. S. Chung (2000): Carbon dioxide and related parameters in the East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 20, 525-544.
169. Wang, Y. H. (1991): Marine Atlas of Boshi Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea: Chemistry. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 257 pp.
170. Wang, Y. Z. (1974): Confucianism and environmental pollution. Analytical Chem., 3, 169-170 and 244.
171. Wang, Z. F. and L. K. Yao (1981): A preliminary analysis of silicate and nitrate in the sea area of investigation. Marine Practice, 14, 61-63.
172. Wang, Z. F., L. K. Yao and X. Z. Yuan (1983): Distribution and characteristics of nutrients in the Changjiang estuary area in June 1980. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 14(4), 324-332 (in Chinese with English abstract).
173. Wei, H., J. Su, R. Wan, L. Wang and Y. Lin (2003): Tidal front and the convergence of anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) eggs in the Yellow Sea. Fish. Oceanogr., 12, 434-442.
174. Wei, Q. R. (1966): Determination of organic nitrogen in seawater. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 8, 92-98.
175. Weng, X. C. and C. M. Wang (1984): A preliminary study on the T-S characteristics and the origin of Taiwan Warm Current Water in summer. Studia Marina Sinica, 21, 113-133.
176. Wong, G. T. F., S. C. Pai, K. K. Liu, C. T. Liu and C. T. A. Chen (1991): Variability of the chemical hydrography at the frontal region between the East China Sea and the Kuroshio north-east of Taiwan. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 33, 105-120.
177. Wong, G. T. F., G. C. Gong, K. K. Liu and S. C. Pai (1998): "Excess nitrate" in the East China Sea. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 46, 411-418.
178. Wu, H. W. and S. F. Tang (1937): Report on the oceanographical and biological survey in the gulf of Po-Hai and along the coast of Shantung Peninsula: Part III. Chemical conditions of sea water. Sinensia, 8(1), 51-60.
179. Xia, C. S., F. L. Qiao, Y. Z. Yang, J. Ma and Y. L. Yuan (2006): Three-dimensional structure of the summertime circulation in the Yellow Sea from a wave-tide-circulation coupled model. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11S03, doi:10.1029/2005JC003218.
180. Xin, X. Y. (1953): Seasonal variation of phosphates and silicates in seawater at C1 station of Jiaozhou Bay in 1950. J. Shandong Univ., 85-94.
181. Xing, H. Y. and X. B. Liu (1999): Analysis on nutrient status of Laizhou Bay in recent years. Shandong Fisheries, 16(4), 31-32 (in Chinese).
182. Yan, W. J. and S. Zhang (2003): How do nitrogen inputs to the Changjiang basin impact the Changjiang River nitrate: A temporal analysis for 1968-1997. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(4), 1091, doi: 10.1029/ 2002GB002029.
183. Yanagi, T. (1994): Material transport in the Yellow/East China Seas. Engan Kaiyo Kenkyu Noto, 31, 239-256 (in Japanese with English abstract).
184. Yanagi, T. and S. Takahashi (1993): Seasonal variation of circulations in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. J. Oceanogr., 49, 503-520.
185. Yanagi, T., T. Shimizu and H.-J. Lie (1998): Detailed structure of the Kuroshio frontal eddy along the shelf edge of the East China Sea. Cont. Shelf Res., 18, 1039-1056.
186. Yang, S. R., K. S. Shin and D. B. Yang (1994): New and regenerated production based on nitrogen in the southern part of the Yellow Sea in late April, 1993. J. Oceanol. Soc. Korea, 29, 258-268.
187. Yang, S. R., M. G. Park, G. H. Hong, C. S. Chung and D. B. Yang (1999): New and regenerated production in the Yellow Sea. p. 69-99. In Biogeochemical Processes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, ed. by G. H. Hong, J. Zhang and C. S. Chung, The Dongjin Publication Association, Seoul.
188. Yu, Z. G., T. Z. Mi, B. D. Xie, Q. Z. Yao and J. Zhang (2000): Changes of the environmental parameters and their relationship in recent twenty years in the Bohai Sea. Mar. Environ. Sci., 19(1), 15-19 (in Chinese with English abstract).
189. Yu, Z. G., J. Zhang, Q. Z. Yao and T. Z. Mi (1999): Nutrients in the Bohai Sea. p. 11-20. In Biogeochemical Processes in the Bohai and Yellow Sea, ed. by G. H. Hong, J. Zhang and C. S. Chung, The Dongjin Publication Association, Seoul.
190. Zhang, J. B. (1991): Marine Atlas of Bohai Sea, Yellow, East China Sea: Marine Biology. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 250 pp. (in Chinese).
191. Zhang, J. (1996a): Nutrient elements in large Chinese estuaries. Cont. Shelf Res., 16, 1023-1045.
192. Zhang, J. (1996b): Nutrient elements from some selected North China estuaries: Huanghe, Luanhe, Daliaohe and Yalujiang. p. 205-217. In Biogeochemical Study in the Primary Estuaries of China, ed. by J. Zhang, China Ocean Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract).
193. Zhang, J. and M. G. Liu (1994): Observations on nutrient elements and sulfate in atmospheric wet depositions over the northwest Pacific coastal oceans - Yellow Sea. Mar. Chem., 47, 173-189.
194. Zhang, J. and J. L. Su (2006): Nutrient dynamics of the China Sea: The Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. p. 637-671. In The Sea: The Global Coastal Ocean Interdisciplinary Regional Studies and Syntheses, Vol. 14, Part A, Panreginal Syntheses and the Coasts of North and South America and Asia, ed. by A. R. Robinson and K. H. Brink, Harvard University Press.
195. Zhang, S., C. S. Zhang, L. J. Wang, L. C. Zhang, X. B. Chen and M. Y. Wang (1997): Contents of rare elements and mass transport rate of C, N, P, S in the Changjiang river. p. 5-18. In Sources, Transport and Environmental Impact of Contaminants in the Coastal and Estuarine Areas of China, ed. by J. Y. Zhou, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
196. Zhang, S. L. and H. K. Gu (1994): Marine chemistry in northern seas of China. p. 157-170. In Oceanology of China Seas, Vol. 1, ed. by D. Zhou, Y. B. Liang and C. K. Zeng (Tseng), Kluwer Academic Publishers.
197. Zhang, Y. H., Z. Q. Huang, L. M. Ma, R. Qiao and B. Zhang (1999): Carbon dioxide in surface water and its flux in the East China Sea. p. 103-112. In Margin Flux in the East China Sea, ed. by D. X. Hu and S. Tsunogai, China Ocean Press, Beijing.
198. Zhang, Z. B. (1993): Estuarine and Marine Chemistry of Huanghe Estuary. China Ocean Press, Beijing, 457 pp.
199. Zhao, L., H. Wei and S. Z. Feng (2002): Annual cycle and budgets of nutrients in the Bohai Sea. Environ. Sci., 23(1), 78-81 (in Chinese).
200. Zheng, J. C., S. L. Huang and W. Q. Wang (1991): Surface distributions of alkalinity and specific alkalinity and their application of water mass tracing in the Kuroshio area of the East China Sea. p. 263-270. In Selected Papers of Kuroshio Research (III), China Ocean Press, Beijing (in Chinese with English abstract).
201. Zou, L. and J. Zhang (2001): Experimental study on the nutrient limitation in the spring of Bohai Sea. Oceanol. Limnol. Sinica, 32(6), 672-678 (in Chinese).