Enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes: Un reto al siglo XXI

Revista Cubana de Pediatria

Volumn 74, Issue 1, 2002, Pages 7-22

  Riverón Corteguera, Raúl L ^a,b,c  

^a Hospital Pediátrico Universitario Centro Habana   (Cuba)

^b Universidad de la Habana ^*  (Cuba)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HAVANA   (Cuba)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 52649124818     PISSN: 00347531     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (107)

1. Burnet AJ, White DO. Natural history of infectious diseases. London Cambridge University Press, 1972:4-23.
2. Krause RH. Introduction to emerging infectious diseases: stemminghe Tide. En: Emerging Infections. Krause RM, ed. New York: Academic Press, 1998:1-22.
3. Heymann D, Dzenowagis J. Commentary: Emerging and other communicable diseases. Bull WHO 1998; 76 (6):545-7.
4. Heymann D. Enfermedades infecciosas emergentes. Salud Mundial 1997;50(1):4-6.
5. Gestal Otero JJ, Filgueiras Guzmán A, Montes Martínez A. Enfermedades emergentes. Medicina Clín (Barcelona) 1997;109(14):553-61.
6. Osterholm MT. Emerging infectious diseases. A real public health crisis. Guest Editorial. Postgrad Med. 1996;100(5):15-26.
7. Satcher D. Emerging infectious: getting ahead of the curve. Emerg Infect Dis 1995;1(1):1-5.
8. Shabaaz RF. Emerging viral infections. En: advances in Pediatric Infectious Diseases 1999;14:1-27.
9. Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerg Infect Dis 1995; 1(1):7-14.
10. -. Examining the origins of emerging viruses. En: Morse SS, ed. Emerging viruses. New York: Oxford University Press 1993:10-28.
11. Danila RN, Lexau C, Lynfield R, Moore KA, Osterholm MT. Addressing emerging infections. Postgrad Med 1999;106(2):91-105.
12. Bishop RF, Davidson GP, Holmes IH, Ruck BJ. Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Lancet 1973;2:1281-3.
13. Flewett TH. Virus particles in gastroenteritis. Lancet 1973;2:1497.
14. Cossart YE, Fiels AM, Cant B, Widdows D. Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. Lancet 1975;1:72-3.
15. Nime FA, Burek JD, Page DL, Holscher MA, Yardley JH. Acute enterocolitis in human, being infected with the protozoon Criptosporidium. Gastroenterology 1976;70:592-8.
16. Johnson KM, Wabb PA, Lange JV, Hurphy FA. Isolation and parcial characterization of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet 1977;1:569-71.
17. Mc Dade JE, Shepard CC, Fraser DW, Tsai TR, Redus MA, Dowdle, WR. Laboratory investigation team. Legionnaires Disease. 2. Isolation of a bacterium and demostration of its role in other respiratory disease. N Engl J Med 1977;297:1197-203.
18. Lee HW, Lee PW, Johnson KM. Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever. J Infect Dis 1978;137:298-308.
19. Skirrow MB. Campylobacter enteritis: a "new" disease. Br Med J 1977; 2:9-11.
20. Poiesz BJ, Ruscetti FW, Gazdar AF. Bunn PA, Minna JD, Gallo RC. Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1980;77:7415-9.
21. Schlievert PM, Shands KN, Gan BB, Schmid GP, Nishimura RD. Identification and characterization of an exotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome J Infect dis 1981;143:509-16.
22. Riley LW, Remis RS, Helgerson SD, McGee HB, Wells JG, Davis BR, et al. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype. N Engl Med 1983;308:681-5.
23. Kalyanaraman S, Sarangadhran MG, Poiesz B, Ruscetti FW, Gallo RC. Immunological properties of a type C retrovirus isolated from cultures human T-lymphoma cells and comparison to other mammalian retroviruses. J Viral 1981;38:906-15.
24. Burgdofer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lyme disease: a tickorne spirochetosis? Science 1982; 216:1317-9.
25. Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F. Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Science 1983; 220:868-71.
26. Marshall BJ, Warren JR. Unidentified curved bacili on gastric epithelium in active chronic gastritis. Lancet 1983;1:1273-5.
27. Uchida T, Tashiro F, Funato T, Kitamura Y. Isolation of a spotted fever group rickettsia from a patient with febrile exanthematous illness in Shikoku. Jap Microbiol Immunol 1986;30:1323-6.
28. Yamanishi K, Okumo T, Shiraki K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Asano Y, et al. Identification of human Herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for exanthem subitum. Lancet 1988;1:1065-7.
29. Dawson JE, anderson BE, Fishbein DB, Sanchez JL, Goldsmith CS, Wilson KH, et al. Isolation and characterization of an Ehrlichia sp from a patient diagnosed with human Ehrlichiosis. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:2741-5.
30. Choo QL, Kuo G, Weiner AJ, Overby LR, Bradley DW, Houghton M. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non A-non B viral hepatitis genome. Science 1989;244:359-61.
31. Salas R, De Manzlone N, Tesh RB, Rico-Hesse R, Shape RE, Betancourt A, et al. Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever. Lancet 1991;338:1033-6.
32. Regnery RL, Anderson BE, Clarridge JE, Rodríguez-Barradas MC, Jones DG, Carr JH. Characterization of a novel Rochalimoea species R. henselae sp nov, isolated from blood of a febrile human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. J Clin Microbiol 1992;30:265-74.
33. Relman DA, Schmidt TM, Mac Dermatt RP, Falkow S. Identification of the uncultured bacillus of Whipples disease. N Engl J Med 1992;327:293-301.
34. Lisieux T, Coimbra M, Nassar ES, Burattini HN, de Souza LT, Ferreira T, et al. New Arenavirus isolated in Brazil. Lancet 1994;343:391-2.
35. World Health Organization. Epidemic diarrhea due to vibrio cholerae non-01. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 1993;68:141-2.
36. Nichol ST, Spiropoulou CF, Morzonov S, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Foldmann H, et al. Genetic identification of a Hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science 1993;262:914-7.
37. Soulier J, Grollet L, Oskenhendler E. Kaposi's sarcoma associated Herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in multicentric Castleman's disease. Blood 1995;86:1276-80.
38. Supparatpinyo K, Khamwan C, Baosoung V, Nelson KE, Sirisanthana T. Disseminated Penicilliu marneffei infection in Southeast Asia. Lancet 1994;344:110-2.
39. Duong TA. Infection due to Penicillium marneffei, an emerging pathogen: Review of 155 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 1996;23:125-30.
40. Sandort J, Hannemann A, gelderblom H, Stark K, Owen RL, Ruf B. Enterocytozoon bieneusi infection in an immunocompetent patient who had acute diarrhea and who was not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1994;19:514-6.
41. Orgnización Mundial de la Salud. Zoonosis emergentes. Salud Mundial 1997; 50(1):18-9.
42. Challner PB, Smith KT. Plaque-associated expression of Human Herpesvirus-6 in sclerosis multiple. Proc Natl Acad sci 1995;92:7440-4.
43. Simons JM, Leary TP, Dawson GJ. Isolation of two flavivirus-like genomes in the GB hepatitis agent. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1995:92:3401-5.
44. Wells RM, Sosa S, Yadon ZE, Enria D, Padula P, Pini N, et al. An unusual Hantavirus outbreak in southern Argentina. ¿Person- to-person transmission? Emerg Infect Dis 1997;3(2):17-4.
45. Mc Call BJ, Epstein JM, Neill AS, Heel K, Field H, Barrett J, et al. Potential Exposure to australian Bat Lyssavirus, Queensland, 1996-1999. Emeg Infect Dis 2000;6(3):259-64.
46. Chua KB, Goh KJ, Wong KT, Kamarulzaman A, Tan PSK, Kisiazek TG, et al. Fatal encephalitis due to Nipah-virus among pig-farmers in Malaysia. Lancet 1999;354:1257-9.
47. Paton NI, Leo YS, Zaki SR, Auchus AP, Lee KE, Ling AE, et al. Outbreak of Nipah-virus infection among abattoir workers in Singapore. Lancet 1999;354:1253-6.
48. Rappole JH, Derrickson SR, Hubalek Z. Migratory Birds and spread of West Nile Virus in the Western Hemisphere. Emerg Infect Dis 2000;6(4):319-28.
49. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Eliminar obstáculos al Desarrollo Saludable. Ginebra, OMS/CDS/99.1,1999.
50. Kennedy S, Kuiken T, Jepson PD, Derville R, Forsyth M, Marcos WG, et al. Mass Die-off of Caspian Seals caused by Canine Distemoer Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2000;6(3):637-9.
51. Barbour AG, Fish D. The biological and social phenomenon of Lyme disease. Science 1993:260:1610-16.
52. World Health Organization. Geographical distribution of arthropod-borne disease and their principal vector, Geneva WHO/VBC/89.9.1989:138-48.
53. Osterholm MT. Emerging Infectious diseases. A real public health crisis. Guest Editorial Postraduate Med 1996;100(5):15-26.
54. Lee HW, Baek LJ, Johnson KM. Isolation of Hantaan virus, the etiologic agent of Korea hemorrhagic fever, from wild urban rodents. J Infect Dis 1982;146:638-44.
55. Johnson KM. Emerging viruses in context an overview of viral hemorrhagig fever. En: Morse SS, ed. Emerging viruses. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993:46-7.
56. Webster RG, Bean WJ, Gorman OT, Chambers TM, Kawaoka Y. Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. Microbiol Rev 1992;56:152-79.
57. Scholtssek C, Naylor E. Fish farming and influenza pandemic. Nature 1988;331:215.
58. Monath TP. Arthropod-borne viruses. En: Morse SS, ed. Emerging viruses. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993:142-5.
59. Gubler D, Trent DW. Emergence of epidemic Dengue/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever as a public health problem in the Américas. Infect Agents Dis 1993;26:383-93.
60. Deubel V, Gubler DJ, Layton M, Malkinson M. West Nile Virus: a newly emergent epidemic disease. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7Suppl(3):536.
61. Levins R, Epstein PR, Wilson ME, Morse SS, Slooff R, Eckardt I. Hantavirus disease emerging. Lancet 1993;342:1292.
62. Rollin PE, Coudrier D, Sureau P. Hantavirus epidemic in Europe 1993. Lancet 1994;343:115-6.
63. Krause RM. The origin of plagues: old and new. Science 1992;257:1073-8.
64. Mc Neill WH. Plagues and peoples. New York: Anchor Press Doubleday, 1976.
65. Le Due JW, Child JE, Glass GE. The hantaviruses etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome a possible cause of hypertension and chronic renal disease in the United States. Ann Rev Public Hlth 1992;13:79-98.
66. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Aedes albopictus introduction into continental Africa. 1991; MMWR 1991;40:836-8.
67. Anderson C. Cholera epidemic traced to risk miscalculation. Nature 1991;354:5.
68. Wachsmuth IK, Evins GM, Field PJ. The molecular epidemiology of cholera in Latin America. J Infect Dis 1993;167:621-6.
69. Islam MS, Hasan MK, Miah MA, Qadri F, Yunus M, Sack RB, et al. Isolation of vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal from water in Bangladesk. Lancet 1993;342:430.
70. Moore PS, Broome CV. Cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic. Sci Am 1994;271(5):38-45.
71. Davies J. Inactivation of antibiotics and the dissemination of resistance genes. Science 1994;264:375-82.
72. Center for disease Control and Prevention. Update multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections for hamburgers. Western United States 1992-1993. MMWR 1993;42:258-63.
73. Wilesmith JW, Ryan JBM, Atkinson MJ. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy: epidemiological studies on the origin. Vet Rec 1991;128:199-203.
74. Baron RC, Mc Cormick JB. Ebola virus disease in Southern Sudan. Hospital dissemination and intrafamilial spread. Bull WHO 1983;61(6):997-1003.
75. Ardovin D, Chevalier JM. Marburg, Lassa and Ebola hemorrhagic fevers. Med Trop Mars 1981;41(2):191-9.
76. Yamanish K, Okuno T, Shiraki K. Identification of human herpesvirus-6 as a causal agent for Exantem subitum. Lancet 1980;1:1065-7.
77. Peterson WL. Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease. N. Engl J Med 1991;324:1043-8.
78. Nomura A, stemmermann GN, Chyou PH, Kato I, Pérez Pérez GI, Blaser MJ. Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma among. Japonese American in Hawai: N Engl J Med 1991;325:1132-6.
79. Challoner PB, Smith KT, Parker JD, MacLeod DL, Coulter SN, Rose TM, et al. Plaque-associated expression of human herpesvirus 6 in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sc USA 1995;92:7440-4.
80. Cohen ML. Epidemiology of drug resistance implications for a post-antimicrobiol era. Science 1992;257:1050-5.
81. Neu HC. The crisis in antibiotic resistance. Science 1992; 257:1064-72.
82. Kilbourne ED. The molecular epidemiology of Influenza. J Infect Dis 1978;127:478-87.
83. Morse SS. Toward an evolutionary biology of virusses. In: Morse SS; Ed. The Evolutionary biology of viruses, New York: Raven Press, 1994:1-28.
84. Iribarren O. Fasciitis necrotizante. Rev Med Chile 1996;124:999-1005.
85. Glass RI, Libel M, Brondling-Bennett AD. Epidemic Cholerae in the Américas. Science 1992;265:1524-5.
86. Riley LW, Remis RS, Helgerson SD, Mc Gee HB, Wells Davis BR, Herbert RJ, et al. Hemorrhagic colitis associated with a rare Escherichia coli serotype N Engl J Med 1983:308:681-5.
87. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Enhaced detection of sporadic E coli 0157 H7 infections. New Jersey July 1994. MMWR 1995;44:417-8.
88. Cohen M. Escherichia coli 0157 H7 Infections: A frequent cause of bloody diarrhea and the Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. Adv Pediatr 1996;43:171-207.
89. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infections associated with drinking unpasteurized commercial apple juice. British Columbia. California, Colorado and Washington. October 1996. MMWR 1996;276(23):1865-6.
90. -. Outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 infection and Cryptosporidium associated with drinking unpasteurized apple cider-Conneticut and New York, October 1996. MMWR 1997;277(10):781-2.
91. Mac Kenzie WR, Hoxie NJ, Proctor ME. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the water supply. N Eng J Med 1994;331:161-7.
92. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Assessment of inadequately filtered public drinking water, Washington DC. December 1993. MMWR 1994;43:661-3.
93. World Health Organization. Vector surveillance and Control. En: Dengue Haemorrhagic fever: diagnosis, treatment and control. 2 nd ed., Geneva, 1997:48-59.
94. -. Disease Surveillance and outbreak prevention and control. En: Dengue Haemorrhagic fever: diagnosis, treatment and control. 2 nd ed., geneva. 1997:60-6.
95. Kochi A. The Global Tuberculosis situation and the new Control Strategy of the World Health Organization. Tuber Lung Dis 1991;72:1-6.
96. Khan EA, Starke JR. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children: increased need for better methods. Emerg Infect Dis 1995;1(4):115-23.
97. Block AB, Cauthen GM, Onorato IM. Nationwide survery of drug-resistant tuberculosis in the United States. JAMA 1994;1271:665-71.
98. Bloom BR, Murray CJL, Tuberculosis: commentary on an emergent killer science 1992;257:1055-64.
99. Vasconcelos PFC, Rosa APAT, Rodríguez SG, Rosa EST, Hamilton AO, Monteiro ACR, et al. Yellow Fever in Pará, amazon region of Brazil, 1998-1999: entomoogic and epidemiologic findings. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7(3)565-9.
100. OPS/OMS. Hantavirus en las Américas: guía para el diagnóstico, el tratamiento, la prevención y el control. Cuaderno Técnico No. 47, Washigton DC, OPS, 1999:3-10.
101. Exeni R, López E, Devoto S, Contrini MM, De la Rosa MF, Sánchez Ávalos J, et al. Síndrome Hemolítico Urémico. Arch Arg Pediatr 1994;92:222-36.
102. CDC. Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Arenavirus. Http://www.cdc.gov/nicidod/ dvrd/spb/mnpages/dispages/arena.htm Oct 2001.
103. Fiebres Hemorrágicas causadas por Arenavirus. En: el Control de las Enfermedades Transmisibles. Chin J, ed. Publicación Científica y Técnica No. 581. Decimoséptima Ed. Washigton DC:OPS, 2001:295-7.
104. Texeira ARL, Monteiro PS, Rebelo JM, Argañaraz ER, Vieira D, Louria-Pírez L, et al. Emerging Chagas Disease: trophic network and cycle of transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi from palm tress in the Amazon. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7(1):100-12.
105. WHO. Global Tuberculosis Control. WHO Report 2001. Communicable Disease WHO/CDS/2001;287:3-34.
106. Guzmán MG, Kourí G, Pelegrino JL. Enfermedades virales emergentes. Rev Cubana Med Trop 2001;53(1):5-15.
107. Kourí G, Guzmán MG, Valdés L, Carbonell I, del Rosario D, Vázquez S, et al. Reemergence of Dengue in Cuba: a 1997 epidemic in Santiago de Cuba. Emerg Infect Dis 1998;4(1):89-92.