Pathways of renal injury in systemic gram-negative sepsis

European Journal of Clinical Investigation

Volumn 38, Issue SUPPL.2, 2008, Pages 39-44

  El Achkar, T M ^a,d   Hosein, M ^b   Dagher, P C ^b,c  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c Nephrology Division   (United States)

^d SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acute kidney injury; Acute renal failure; Endotoxin; TLR4; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

ENDOTOXIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ENDOTOXEMIA; GRAM NEGATIVE SEPSIS; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; KIDNEY INJURY; KIDNEY TUBULE; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; ENDOTOXINS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; HUMANS; KIDNEY; KIDNEY FAILURE, ACUTE; SEPSIS; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

EID: 52649117482     PISSN: 00142972     EISSN: 13652362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02007.x     Document Type: Review

References (49)

1. Riedemann NC, Guo RF, Ward PA. The enigma of sepsis. J Clin Invest 2003 112 : 460 7.
2. Schrier RW, Wang W. Acute renal failure and sepsis. N Engl J Med 2004 351 : 159 69.
3. Poltorak A, He X, Smirnova I, Liu MY, Van Huffel C, Du X et al. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in Tlr4 gene. Science 1998 282 : 2085 8.
4. Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O. Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 2006 124 : 783 801.
5. Cohen J. The immunopathogenesis of sepsis. Nature 2002 420 : 885 91.
6. Hotchkiss RS, Nicholson DW. Apoptosis and caspases regulate death and inflammation in sepsis. Nat Rev Immunol 2006 6 : 813 22.
7. Wan L, Bellomo R, Di Giantomasso D, Ronco C. The pathogenesis of septic acute renal failure. Curr Opin Crit Care 2003 9 : 496 502.
8. De Vriese AS. Prevention and treatment of acute renal failure in sepsis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003 14 : 792 805.
9. El-Achkar TM, Dagher PC. Renal Toll-like receptors: recent advances and implications for disease. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol 2006 2 : 568 81.
10. Heyman SN, Lieberthal W, Rogiers P, Bonventre JV. Animal models of acute tubular necrosis. Curr Opin Crit Care 2002 8 : 526 34.
11. Villa P, Sartor G, Angelini M, Sironi M, Conni M, Gnocchi P et al. Pattern of cytokines and pharmacomodulation in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture compared with that induced by endotoxin. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 1995 2 : 549 53.
12. Wichterman KA, Baue AE, Chaudry IH. Sepsis and septic shock - a review of laboratory models and a proposal. J Surg Res 1980 29 : 189 201.
13. Hadjiminas DJ, McMasters KM, Peyton JC, Cheadle WG. Tissue tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression following cecal ligation and puncture or intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin. J Surg Res 1994 56 : 549 55.
14. Remick DG. Newcomb DE, Bolgos GL, Call DR. Comparison of the mortality and inflammatory response of two models of sepsis: lipopolysaccharide vs. cecal ligation and puncture. Shock 2000 13 : 110 6.
15. Hyde SR, Stith RD, McCallum RE. Mortality and bacteriology of sepsis following cecal ligation and puncture in aged mice. Infect Immun 1990 58 : 619 24.
16. Hiramatsu M, Hotchkiss RS, Karl IE, Buchman TG. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induces apoptosis in thymus, spleen, lung, and gut by an endotoxin and TNF-independent pathway. Shock 1997 7 : 247 53.
17. Weighardt H, Kaiser-Moore S, Vabulas RM, Kirschning CJ, Wagner H, Holzmann B. Cutting edge: myeloid differentiation factor 88 deficiency improves resistance against sepsis caused by polymicrobial infection. J Immunol 2002 169 : 2823 7.
18. Langenberg C, Bellomo R, May C, Wan L, Egi M, Morgera S. Renal blood flow in sepsis. Crit Care 2005 9 : R363 74.
19. Knotek M, Rogachev B, Wang W, Ecder T, Melnikov V, Gengaro PE et al. Endotoxemic renal failure in mice: Role of tumor necrosis factor independent of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Kidney Int 2001 59 : 2243 9.
20. Cunningham PN, Dyanov HM, Park P, Wang J, Newell KA, Quigg RJ. Acute renal failure in endotoxemia is caused by TNF acting directly on TNF receptor-1 in kidney. J Immunol 2002 168 : 5817 23.
21. Rothstein JL, Schreiber H. Synergy between tumor necrosis factor and bacterial products causes hemorrhagic necrosis and lethal shock in normal mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 85 : 607 11.
22. Tracey KJ, Beutler B, Lowry SF, Merryweather J, Wolpe S, Milsark IW et al. Shock and tissue injury induced by recombinant human cachectin. Science 1986 234 : 470 4.
23. Bertani T, Abbate M, Zoja C, Corna D, Perico N, Ghezzi P et al. Tumor necrosis factor induces glomerular damage in the rabbit. Am J Pathol 1989 134 : 419 30.
24. Backhed F, Soderhall M, Ekman P, Normark S, Richter-Dahlfors A. Induction of innate immune responses by Escherichia coli and purified lipopolysaccharide correlate with organ- and cell-specific expression of Toll-like receptors within the human urinary tract. Cell Microbiol 2001 3 : 153 8.
25. Tsuboi N, Yoshikai Y, Matsuo S, Kikuchi T, Iwami K, Nagai Y et al. Roles of toll-like receptors in C-C chemokine production by renal tubular epithelial cells. J Immunol 2002 169 : 2026 33.
26. Laestadius A, Soderblom T, Aperia A, Richter-Dahlfors A. Developmental aspects of Escherichia coli-induced innate responses in rat renal epithelial cells. Pediatr Res 2003 54 : 536 41.
27. El-Achkar TM, Huang X, Plotkin Z, Sandoval RM, Rhodes GJ, Dagher PC. Sepsis induces changes in the expression and distribution of Toll-like receptor 4 in the rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006 290 : F1034 F1043.
28. Samuelsson P, Hang L, Wullt B, Irjala H, Svanborg C. Toll-like receptor 4 expression and cytokine responses in the human urinary tract mucosa. Infect Immun 2004 72 : 3179 86.
29. Wolfs TG, Buurman WA, van Schadewijk A, de Vries B, Daemen MA, Hiemstra PS et al. In vivo expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mediated up-regulation during inflammation. J Immunol 2002 168 : 1286 93.
30. Zarember KA, Godowski PJ. Tissue expression of human Toll-like receptors and differential regulation of Toll-like receptor mRNAs in leukocytes in response to microbes, their products, and cytokines. J Immunol 2002 168 : 554 61.
31. Lim SW, Li C, Ahn KO, Kim J, Moon IS, Ahn C et al. Cyclosporine-induced renal injury induces toll-like receptor and maturation of dendritic cells. Transplantation 2005 80 : 691 9.
32. Zager RA, Johnson AC, Lund S. 'Endotoxin tolerance': TNF-alpha hyper-reactivity and tubular cytoresistance in a renal cholesterol loading state. Kidney Int 2007 71 : 496 503.
33. Zager RA, Johnson AC, Lund S, Randolph-Habecker J. Toll-like receptor (TLR4) shedding and depletion: acute proximal tubular cell responses to hypoxic and toxic injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007 292 : F304 12.
34. Akira S, Takeda K. Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 2004 4 : 499 511.
35. Dunzendorfer S, Lee HK, Soldau K, Tobias PS. TLR4 is the signaling but not the lipopolysaccharide uptake receptor. J Immunol 2004 173 : 1166 70.
36. Fearns C, Loskutoff DJ. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in induction of murine CD14 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun 1997 65 : 4822 31.
37. Bussolati B, David S, Cambi V, Tobias PS, Camussi G. Urinary soluble CD14 mediates human proximal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by LPS. Int J Mol Med 2002 10 : 441 9.
38. Pugin J, Schurer-Maly CC, Leturcq D, Moriarty A, Ulevitch RJ, Tobias PS. Lipopolysaccharide activation of human endothelial and epithelial cells is mediated by lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and soluble CD14. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993 90 : 2744 8.
39. Chowdhury P, Sacks SH, Sheerin NS. Minireview: functions of the renal tract epithelium in coordinating the innate immune response to infection. Kidney Int 2004 66 : 1334 44.
40. Musson RA, Morrison DC, Ulevitch RJ. Distribution of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in the tissues of lipopolysaccharide-responsive and - unresponsive mice. Infect Immun 1978 21 : 448 57.
41. Kang YH, Falk MC, Bentley TB, Lee CH. Distribution and role of lipopolysaccharide in the pathogenesis of acute renal proximal tubule injury. Shock 1995 4 : 441 9.
42. Cunningham PN, Wang Y, Guo R, He G, Quigg RJ. Role of Toll-like receptor 4 in endotoxin-induced acute renal failure. J Immunol 2004 172 : 2629 35.
43. Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Freeman BD, Tinsley KW, Cobb JP, Matuschak GM et al. Apoptotic cell death in patients with sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med 1999 27 : 1230 51.
44. Miyaji T, Hu X, Yuen PS, Muramatsu Y, Iyer S, Hewitt SM et al. Ethyl pyruvate decreases sepsis-induced acute renal failure and multiple organ damage in aged mice. Kidney Int 2003 64 : 1620 31.
45. Wu L, Tiwari MM, Messer KJ, Holthoff JH, Gokden N, Brock RW et al. Peritubular capillary dysfunction and renal tubular epithelial cell stress following lipopolysaccharide administration in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007 292 : F261 8.
46. Dear JW, Yasuda H, Hu X, Hieny S, Yuen PS, Hewitt SM et al. Sepsis-induced organ failure is mediated by different pathways in the kidney and liver: acute renal failure is dependent on MyD88 but not renal cell apoptosis. Kidney Int 2006 69 : 832 6.
47. Husebye H, Halaas O, Stenmark H, Tunheim G, Sandanger O, Bogen B et al. Endocytic pathways regulate Toll-like receptor 4 signaling and link innate and adaptive immunity. Embo J 2006 25 : 683 92.
48. Saemann MD, Weichhart T, Zeyda M, Staffler G, Schunn M, Stuhlmeier KM et al. Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein links innate immune cell activation with adaptive immunity via a Toll-like receptor-4-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 2005 115 : 468 75.
49. El-Achkar TM, Plotkin Z, Marcic B, Dagher PC. Sepsis induces an increase in thick ascending limb Cox-2 that is TLR4 dependent. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2007 293 : F1187 96.