A novel mechanism by which silica defends grasses against herbivory

Annals of Botany

Volumn 102, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 653-656

  Hunt, J W ^a   Dean, A P ^a   Webster, R E ^a   Johnson, G N ^a   Ennos, A R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Defence; Digestibility; Festuca ovina; Grass; Locust; Lolium perenne; Silica

Indexed keywords

CHLOROPHYLL; SILICON DIOXIDE;

DIGESTIBILITY; GRASS; HERBIVORY; MECHANICAL PROPERTY; PLANT DEFENSE; SILICA;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; DIGESTION; FECES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FESCUE; GRASSHOPPER; LOLIUM; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT LEAF;

ANIMALS; CHLOROPHYLL; DIGESTION; FECES; FEEDING BEHAVIOR; FESTUCA; GRASSHOPPERS; LOLIUM; PLANT LEAVES; SILICON DIOXIDE;

FESTUCA OVINA; LOLIUM PERENNE; ORTHOPTERA; POACEAE;

EID: 52449132866     PISSN: 03057364     EISSN: 10958290     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn130     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Alexander RMcN. 1993. The relative merits of foregut and hindgut fermentation. Journal of Zoology 231: 391-401.
2. Allen SE. 1989. Chemical analysis of ecological materials, 2nd edn. London: Blackwell Press.
3. Baker G, Jones LHP, Wardrop ID. 1959. Causes of wear in sheeps' teeth. Nature 184: 1583-1584.
4. 4 bundle sheath cells by grasshoppers. Oecologia 26: 151-156.
5. Clissold FJ, Sanson GD, Read J. 2004. Indigestibility of plant cell wall by the Australian plague locust, Chorticoidcetes terminifera. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 112: 159-168.
6. Hochuli DF. 1996. The ecology of plant/insect interactions: implications of digestive strategy for feeding by phytophagous insects. Oikos 75: 133-141.
7. Isely FB. 1944. Correlation between mandibular morphology and food specificity in grasshoppers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 37: 47-67.
8. Jernvall J, Fortelius M. 2002. Common mammals drive the evolutionary increase of hypsodonty in the Neogene. Nature 417: 538-540.
9. Jespersen A-M, Christoffersen K. 1987. Measurements of chlorophyll-a from phytoplankton using ethanol as extraction solvent. Archiv fûr Hydrobiologie 109: 445-454.
10. Kaufman PB, Dayanandan P, Franklin CI, Takeoka Y. 1985. Structure and function of silica bodies in the epidermal system of grass shoots. Annals of Botany 55: 487-507.
11. Lowrison GC. 1974. Crushing and grinding: the size reduction of solid materials. London: Butterworth.
12. Ma JF, Tamai K, Yamaji N, Mitani N, Konishi S, Katsuhara M, et al. 2006. A silicon transporter in rice. Nature 440: 688-691.
13. Massey FP, Hartley SE. 2006. Experimental demonstration of the antiherbivore effects of silica in grasses: impacts on foliage digestibility and vole growth rates. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B 273: 2299-2304.
14. Massey FP, Ennos AR, Hartley SE. 2006. Silica in grasses as a defence against insect herbivores: contrasting effects on folivores and phloem feeders. Journal of Animal Ecology 75: 595-603.
15. Massey FP, Ennos AR, Hartley SE. 2007. Grasses and the resource availability hypothesis: the importance of silica-based defences. Journal of Ecology 95: 414-424.
16. Metcalfe CR. 1960. Anatomy of the monocotyledons. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
17. Parry DW, Smithson F. 1964. Types of opaline silica depositions in leaves of British grasses. Annals of Botany 28: 169-185.
18. Raven PH, Evert RF, Eichhorn SE. 1999. Biology of plants, 6th edn. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman.
19. Russel EW. 1961. Soil conditions and plant growth. New York, NY: Longmans Green.
20. Sanson GD, Kerr SA, Gross KA. 2007. Do silica phytoliths really wear mammalian teeth? Journal of Archaeological Science 34: 526-531.
21. Simpson GG. 1951. Horses: the story of the horse family in the modern world and through sixty million years of history. New York, NY: Natural History Library.
22. Smith GS, Nelson AB, Boggino EJA. 1971. Digestibility of forages in vitro as affected by content of "silica". Journal of Animal Science 33: 466-471.
23. Stebbins GL. 1981. Coevolution of grasses and herbivores. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 68: 75-86.
24. Van Soest PJ, Jones LHP. 1968. Effect of silica in forages upon digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science 51: 1644-1648.
25. Walker A, Hoeck H, Perez L. 1978. Microwear of mammalian teeth as an indicator of diet. Science 201: 908-910.