Hospital staffing and health care-associated infections: A systematic review of the literature

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 47, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 937-944

  Stone, Patricia W ^a   Pogorzelska, Monika ^a   Kunches, Laureen ^b   Hirschhorn, Lisa R ^b  

^a Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Antimicrobial Resistance   (United States)

^b JSI RESEARCH AND TRAINING INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOSPITAL INFECTION; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL PRACTITIONER; INFECTION RISK; NURSING STAFF; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW;

CROSS INFECTION; HUMANS; NURSING STAFF, HOSPITAL; PERSONNEL, HOSPITAL; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 52449092579     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/591696     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Klevens RM, Edwards JR, Richards C Jr, et al. Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002. Public Health Reports 2007; 122:160-6.
2. Dancer SJ, Coyne M, Speekenbrink A, Samavedam S, Kennedy J, Wallace PG. MRSA acquisition in an intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34:10-7.
3. Committee on the Work Environment of Nurses and Patient Safety BoHCS. Keeping patients safe: transforming the work environment of nurses. Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, 2004.
4. Hickman D, Severance S, Feldstein A. The effect of health care working conditions on patient safety. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2003, report 74.
5. Kane RL, Shamliyan T, Mueller C, Duval S, Wilt T. Nurse staffing and quality of patient care. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007, report 07-E005.
6. Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM. CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 1988; 16:128-40 (erratum: Am J Infect Control 1988; 16:177).
7. Mark BA. Methodological issues in nurse staffing research. West J Nurs Res 2006; 28:694-709.
8. Groen JA. Occupation-specific human capital and local labor markets. Working paper 376. Wasington DC: US Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/ore/pdf/ec050020.pdf. Accessed 25 August 2008.
9. Morgan M, Black J, Bone F, et al. Clinician-led surgical site infection surveillance of orthopaedic procedures: a UK multi-centre pilot study. J Hosp Infect 2005; 60:201-12.
10. Opoien HK, Valbo A, Grinde-Andersen A, Walberg M. Post-cesarean surgical site infections according to CDC standards: rates and risk factors: a prospective cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2007; 86:1097-102.
11. Jackson M, Chiarello LA, Gaynes RP, Gerberding JL. Nurse staffing and health care-associated infections: proceedings from a working group meeting. Am J Infect Control 2002; 30:199-206.
12. Blegen MA. Patient safety in hospital acute care units. In: Stone PW, Walker PH, Fitzpatrick J, eds. Annual review of nursing research: focus on patient safety. 24th ed. New York: Springer, 2006:150-75.
13. Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, Sax H, Duncan RA, Pittet D. Nursing resources: a major determinant of nosocomial infection? Curr Opin Infect Dis 2004; 17:329-33.
14. Jarvis WR. The state of the science of health care epidemiology, infection control, and patient safety, 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004; 32:496-503.
15. Cimiotti JP, Haas J, Saiman L, Larson EL. Impact of staffing on bloodstream infections in the neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2006; 160:832-6.
16. Alonso-Echanove J, Edwards JR, Richards MJ, et al. Effect of nurse staffing and antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters on the risk for bloodstream infections in intensive care units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:916-25.
17. Tucker J. Patient volume, staffing, and workload in relation to risk-adjusted outcomes in a random stratified sample of UK neonatal intensive care units: a prospective evaluation. Lancet 2002; 359:99-107.
18. Whitman GR, Kim Y, Davidson LJ, Wolf GA, Wang SL. The impact of staffing on patient outcomes across specialty units. J Nurs Adm 2002; 32:633-9.
19. Pronovost PJ, Dang D, Dorman T, et al. Intensive care unit nurse staffing and the risk for complications after abdominal aortic surgery. Eff Clin Pract 2001; 4:199-206.
20. Robert J, Fridkin SK, Blumberg HM, et al. The influence of the composition of the nursing staff on primary bloodstream infection rates in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:12-7.
21. Fridkin SK, Pear SM, Williamson TH, Galgiani JN, Jarvis WR. The role of understaffing in central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996; 17:150-8.
22. Sujijantararat R, Booth RZ, Davis LL. Nosocomial urinary tract infection: nursing-sensitive quality indicator in a Thai hospital. J Nurs Care Qual 2005; 20:134-9.
23. Hugonnet S, Uckay I, Pittet D. Staffing level: a determinant of late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care 2007; 11:R80.
24. Mark BA, Harless DW, Berman WF. Nurse staffing and adverse events in hospitalized children. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2007; 8:83-92.
25. Stone PW, Mooney-Kane C, Larson EL, et al. Nurse working conditions and patient safety outcomes. Med Care 2007; 45:571-8.
26. Berney B, Needleman J. Impact of nursing overtime on nurse-sensitive patient outcomes in New York hospitals, 1995-2000. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2006; 7:87-100.
27. Mark BA, Harless DW, McCue M, Xu Y. A longitudinal examination of hospital registered nurse staffing and quality of care. Health Serv Res 2004; 39:279-300.
28. Cho SH, Ketefian S, Barkauskas VH, Smith DG. The effects of nurse staffing on adverse events, morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. Nurs Res 2003; 52:71-9.
29. McGillis HL. Nursing staff mix models and outcomes. J Adv Nurs 2003; 44:217-26.
30. Needleman J, Buerhaus PI, Mattke S, Stewart M, Zelevinsky K. Measuring hospital quality: can medicare data substitute for all-payer data? Health Serv Res 2003; 38:1487-508.
31. Unruh L. Licensed nurse staffing and adverse events in hospitals. Med Care 2003; 41:142-52.
32. Yang KP. Relationships between nurse staffing and patient outcomes. J Nurs Res 2003; 11:149-58.
33. Barkell NP, Killinger KA, Schultz SD. The relationship between nurse staffing models and patient outcomes: a descriptive study. Outcomes Manag 2002; 6:27-33.
34. Kovner C, Jones C, Zhan C, Gergen PJ, Basu J. Nurse staffing and postsurgical adverse events: an analysis of administrative data from a sample of U.S. hospitals, 1990-1996. Health Serv Res 2002; 37:611-29.
35. Needleman J, Buerhaus P, Mattke S, Stewart M, Zelevinsky K. Nurse-staffing levels and the quality of care in hospitals. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:1715-22.
36. Dimick JB, Swoboda SM, Pronovost PJ, Lipsett PA. Effect of nurse-to-patient ratio in the intensive care unit on pulmonary complications and resource use after hepatectomy. Am J Crit Care 2001; 10:376-82.
37. Amaravadi RK, Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Lipsett PA. ICU nurse-to-patient ratio is associated with complications and resource use after esophagectomy. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:1857-62.
38. Lichtig LK, Knauf RA, Milholland DK. Some impacts of nursing on acute care hospital outcomes. J Nurs Adm 1999; 29:25-33.
39. Kovner C, Gergen PJ. Nurse staffing levels and adverse events following surgery in U.S. hospitals. Image J Nurs Sch 1998; 30:315-21.
40. Taunton RL, Kleinbeck SV, Stafford R, Woods CQ, Bott MJ. Patient outcomes: are they linked to registered nurse absenteeism, separation, or work load? J Nurs Adm 1994; 24(Suppl 4):48-55.
41. Grundmann H, Hori S, Winter B, Tami A, Austin D. Risk factors for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an adult intensive care unit: fitting a model to the data. J Infect Dis 2002; 185:481-8.
42. Stegenga J, Bell E, Matlow A. The role of nurse understaffing in nosocomial viral gastrointestinal infections on a general pediatrics ward. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002; 23:133-6.
43. Dorsey G, Borneo HT, Sun SJ, et al. A heterogeneous outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens infections in a surgical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000; 21:465-9.
44. Harbarth S, Sudre P, Dharan S, Cadenas M, Pittet D. Outbreak of Enterobacter cloacae related to understaffing, overcrowding, and poor hygiene practices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:598-603.
45. Vicca AF. Nursing staff workload as a determinant of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus spread in an adult intensive therapy unit. J Hosp Infect 1999; 43:109-13.
46. Haley RW, Cushion NB, Tenover FC, et al. Eradication of endemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections from a neonatal intensive care unit. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:614-24.
47. Hugonnet S, Chevrolet JC, Pittet D. The effect of workload on infection risk in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:76-81.
48. Halwani M, Solaymani-Dodaran M, Grundmann H, Coupland C, Slack R. Cross-transmission of nosocomial pathogens in an adult intensive care unit: incidence and risk factors. J Hosp Infect 2006; 63:39-46.
49. Blegen MA, Goode CJ, Reed L. Nurse staffing and patient outcomes. Nurs Res 1998; 47:43-50.
50. Archibald LK, Manning ML, Bell LM, Banerjee S, Jarvis WR. Patient density, nurse-to-patient ratio and nosocomial infection risk in a pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1997; 16:1045-8.
51. Grillo-Peck AM, Risner PB. The effect of a partnership model on quality and length of stay. Nurs Econ 1995; 13:367-72; 374.
52. Geubbels EL, Wille JC, Nagelkerke NJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Grobbee DE, de Boer AS. Hospital-related determinants for surgical-site infection following hip arthroplasty. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2005; 26:435-41.
53. The UK Neonatal Staffing Study Group. Relationship between probable nosocomial bacteraemia and organisational and structural factors in UK neonatal intensive care units. Qual Saf Health Care 2005; 14:264-9.
54. Richet HM, Benbachir M, Brown DE, et al. Are there regional variations in the diagnosis, surveillance, and control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003; 24:334-41.
55. Dimick JB, Pronovost PJ, Heitmiller RF, Lipsett PA. Intensive care unit physician staffing is associated with decreased length of stay, hospital cost, and complications after esophageal resection. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:753-8.
56. Buerhaus PI, Staiger DO, Auerbach DI. New signs of a strengthening U.S. nurse labor market? Health Aff (Millwood) 2004; W4(Suppl):526-33.
57. Resar R, Pronovost P, Haraden C, Simmonds T, Rainey T, Nolan T. Using a bundle approach to improve ventilator care processes and reduce ventilator-associated pneumonia. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2005; 31:243-8.
58. Gawande A. The checklist. The New Yorker, 10 Dec 2007.
59. Haley RW, Quade D, Freeman HE, Bennett JV. The SENIC Project: study on the efficacy of nosocomial infection control (SENIC Project): summary of study design. Am J Epidemiol 1980; 111:472-85.
60. Murphy DM. From expert data collectors to interventionists: changing the focus for infection control professionals. Am J Infect Control 2002; 30:120-32.
61. Haley RW, Culver DH, White JW, et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121:182-205.
62. Haley RW. Managing hospital infection control for cost-effectiveness: a strategy for reducing infectious complications. Chicago: American Hospital Association, 1986.
63. Scheckler WE, Brimhall D, Buck AS, et al. Requirements for infrastructure and essential activities of infection control and epidemiology in hospitals: a consensus panel report: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1998; 19:114-24.
64. Haas JP. Measurement of infection control department performance: state of the science. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34:543-9.
65. O'Boyle C, Jackson M, Henly SJ. Staffing requirements for infection control programs in US health care facilities: Delphi project. Am J Infect Control 2002; 30:321-33.
66. Harless DW, Mark BA. Addressing measurement error bias in nurse staffing research. Health Serv Res 2006; 41:2006-24.
67. Stone P, Horan T, Huai-Che S, Mooney-Kane C, Larson EL. Comparisons of healthcare associated infections using two different mechanisms for public reporting. Am J Infect Control 2007; 35:145-9.
68. Sherman ER, Heydon KH, St John KH, et al. Administrative data fail to accurately identify cases of healthcare-associated infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27:332-7.
69. McGillis HL, Doran D, Pink GH. Nurse staffing models, nursing hours, and patient safety outcomes. J Nurs Adm 2004; 34:41-5.