American missionaries in the UAE region in the twentieth century

Middle Eastern Studies

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 120-139

  Al Sayegh, Fatma ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 5244316975     PISSN: 00263206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00263209608701094     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Eric F. Bishop, 'Arabia in the New Testament', The Muslim World, Vol.XXXIV, No.3 (July 1994).
2. The Arabian Mission Field Report, No.19, 1 July to 30 Sept. 1896.
3. Frederick Barny and Alfred DeWitt Mason, History of the Arabian Mission (New York, 1926), pp.61-2.
4. S. Zwemer and J. Cantine, The Golden Milestone: Reminiscences of Pioneer Days Fifty Years Ago in Arabia (New York, 1938), p.18.
5. Barny and Mason, History of the Arabian Mission, p.59-60.
6. Ibid., p.60.
7. Ibid., p.65.
8. Ibid., pp.61-2.
9. Zwemer, and Cantine, The Golden Milestone, p.39.
10. Samuel M. Zwemer, Arabia: The Cradle of Islam (New ed. London, 1986), p.323.
11. Unlike areas under Turkish authority, such as Basrah and other parts of Iraq, the Gulf where the British has control posed no such threat to the work of American missionaries. In fact, the British helped to facilitate their work, and the British Bible Society provided them with bibles and other religious literature.
12. The Arabian Mission Correspondence deposited in the Theological Seminary, New Brunswick, New Jersey, No.753, Box 1.
13. Barny and Mason, History of the Arabian Mission, p.81.
14. Paul W. Harrison, Doctor in Arabia (New York, 1940), p.273.
15. The missionaries depended heavily on their visits to the markets and bazaars of populated cities, where the Scriptures could be brought within the reach of ordinary people. In the suqs, they could speak to all sort of people and explain the message of Christ to them, and sell the Gospels at an affordable price. The missionaries reported interesting conversations between themselves and the natives, which indicate local awareness of what these missionaries represented.
16. Interview with M. Kennedy, Al-Ain, UAE, 5 May 1993.
17. The Arabian Mission Correspondence deposited in the Theological Seminary, New Brunswick, New Jersey, No.753, Box 3.
18. The Arabian Mission Field Report, No.19, 1 July to 30 Sept. 1896.
19. The Arabian Mission Quarterly Letters from the Field, No.34, April to June 1900.
20. Ibid.
21. The Arabian Mission Quarterly Letters from the Field, No.38, April to June 1901.
22. The Arabian Mission Quarterly Letters from the Field, No.40, Oct. to Dec. 1901.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. The Arabian Mission Quarterly Letters from the Field, No.42, April to June 1902.
28. Ibid.
29. Neglected Arabia, The Arabian Mission News, No.49, Oct. to Dec. 1906.
30. The Arabian Mission Correspondence deposited in New Brunswick, New Jersey, No.753, Box 3.
31. The Arabian Mission, Missionary Letters and News, No.67, Oct. to Dec. 1908.
32. Neglected Arabia, No.109, April-June 1919.
33. Barny and Mason, History of the Arabian Mission, p.170.
34. Ibid., p.172.
35. Unlike the Trucial Coast, Bahrain was chosen as a major missionary station in the Gulf. Early in 1893 a bible depot was established. In 1900 the Mission received a large donation from the Mason family in memory of T. Mason. This sum was used to open the Mason Memorial Hospital, the biggest hospital in the Gulf at that time.
36. Paul Harrison, 'A tour to the Pirate Coast', Neglected Arabia, No.109, April-June 1919.
37. Ibid.
38. Neglected Arabia, No.135, Oct.-Dec 1925.
39. Paul Harrison, 'Economic and Social Conditions in East Arabia', The Muslim World, Vol.XIV, No.1 (Jan. 1924), p.164.
40. Neglected Arabia, No.109, April-June 1919.
41. Ibid.
42. Paul Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.41.
43. In his book, Harrison stated that the Shaikh of Umm-al-Qaiwain, was so pleased with his services that he presented him upon departure with a gold watch which weighted at least one pound. See Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, pp.41-2.
44. Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.42.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Ibid.
48. Neglected Arabia, No.109, April-June 1919.
49. See India Office Library and Records, R/15/2/32, from P.W. Harrison to Mr Gavin, Bahrain, 27 April 1918; see also P. Harrison, 'Economic and Social Conditions in Arabia', The Muslim World, Vol.XIV, No.1 (Jan. 1924), p.164.
50. Interview with Louis Scudder, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 20 Oct. 1993.
51. Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.44.
52. Ibid., p.294.
53. Neglected Arabia, No.120, Jan. to March 1922.
54. Despite the missionaries' denial of any connection with the American government, events which occurred later proved the opposite. During the First World War, Dr J. Van Ess, a missionary in Iraq, was appointed as Consul General in Basrah.
55. Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.290.
56. The Moslem World, 'Dr Paul Harrison in the Arena at Oman', Vol.XIX, No.1 (Jan. 1929), p.74.
57. Ibid.
58. Neglected Arabia, Missionary Newsand Letters, No.147, Oct. to Dec. 1928.
59. Louis P. Dame, Objectives in Arabia', The Moslem World, Vol.XX, No.11 (1930), p.180.
60. Ibid., p.181.
61. Ibid., p.182.
62. Ibid., p.181.
63. Ibid.
64. In the summer of 1939, Elizabeth Calverley made an extensive tour of the Gulf. The visit included Shiraz, Bushire, Kuwait, Muscat and Dubai. It was in Dubai, on her account, where she was admiring a silver studded dagger when the wazier of the town stopped her. 'Oh no,' he said, 'that wasn't suitable for a woman.' Instead, he offered to present her with his favourite slave, together with a silk dress. Elizabeth refused the offer.
65. Interview with L. Schudder, New Brunswick, Theological Seminary, New Jersey, 20 Oct. 1993; see Neglected Arabia, No.181, Jan.-March 1938.
66. Interview with L. Schudder, New Brunswick, Theological Seminary, New Jersey, 20 Oct. 1993; see Neglected Arabia, No.181, Jan.-March 1938.
67. Interview with M. Kennedy, Al-Ain, UAE, 5 May 1993.
68. S. Zwemer, The Law of Apostacy in Islam (London, 1924), p.18.
69. Neglected Arabia, No.147, Oct.-Dec. 1928; see also Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.273.
70. Neglected Arabia, No.147, Oct.-Dec. 1928; see also Harrison, Doctor in Arabia, p.273.