Evidence for microbial influence on the development of Lower Carboniferous buildups

Geological Society Special Publication

Volumn 107, Issue , 1996, Pages 65-82

  Pickard, Neil A H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5244277322     PISSN: 03058719     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1996.107.01.06     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. ADAMS, A. E. 1983. Lower Carboniferous Renalcis from Cumbria. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 44, 327-331.
2. _1984. Development of algal forammiferal-coral reefs in the Lower Carboniferous of Furness, northwest England. Lethaia, 17, 233-249.
3. _ HORBURY, A. D. & ABDEL AZIZ, A. A. 1990. Controls on Dinantian sedimentation in south Cumbria and the surrounding areas of northwest England. Proceedings of the Geologists' Association, 101, 19-30.
4. AHR, W. M. 1989. Sedimentary and tectonic controls on the development of an early Mississippian carbonate ramp. Sacramento Mountains area, New Mexico. In: CREVFLLO, P. D., WILSON, J. L., SARG, J. F. & J. F. READ (eds) Controls on Carbonate Platform and Basin Development. Special Publication. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 44, 203-212.
5. AÏSSAOUI, D. M. 1988. Magnesian calcite cements and their diagenesis: dissolution and dolomitization. Mururoa Atoll. Sedimentology, 35, 821-841.
6. ALBERSTADT, L. P., WALKER, K. R. & ZURAWSKI, R. P. 1974. Patch reefs in the Carters Limestone (Middle Ordovician) in Tennessee and vertical zonation in Ordovician reefs. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 85, 1171-1182.
7. AUSICH, W. I. & MEYER, D. L. 1990. Origin and composition of carbonate buildups and associated facies in the Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian, south-central Kentucky): an integrated sedimentologic and paleoecologic analysis. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 102, 129-146.
8. BANCROFT, A. J., SOMERVILLE, I. D. & STRANK, A. R. E. 1988. A bryozoan buildup from the Lower Carboniferous of North Wales. Lethaia, 21, 51-65.
9. BEACH, D. K. 1993. Submarine cementation of subsurface Pliocene carbonates from the interior of Great Bahama Bank. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 63, 1059-1069.
10. BEAUCHAMP, B. 1989. Lower Permian (Sakmarian) Tubiphytes-bryozoan buildup, southwestern Ellesmere Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In: GELDSETZER, H. H. J., JAMES, N. P. & TEBBUTT, G. E. (eds) Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Areas. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 13, 585-589.
11. _1993. Carboniferous and Permian reefs of the Sverdrup Basin, Canadian Arctic: an aid to Barents Sea Exploration. In: VORREN, T. O., BERGSAGER, E., DAHL-STAMNES, O. A., HOLTER, E., JOHANSEN, B., LIE, E. & LUND, T. B. (eds) Arctic Geology and Petroleum Potential. Special Publication, Norsk Petroleums Forening, 2, 217-241.
12. _1994. Permian cooling in the Canadian Arctic. In: KLEIN, G. D. (ed.) Pangaea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith and Breakup of a Supercontinent. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 288, 229-245.
13. BOURQUE, P. A. & GIGNAC, H. 1983. Sponge-constructed stromatactis mud-mounds, Silurian of Gaspé, Québec. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 53, 521-532.
14. BRACHERT, T. C., BUGGISCH, W., FLÜGEL, E., HÜSSNER, H. M., JOACHIMSKI, M. M., TOURNEUR, F. & WALLISER, O. H. 1992. Controls of mud-mound formation: the Early Devonian Kess-Kess carbonates of the Hamar Laghdad, Antiatlas, Morocco. Geologische Rundschau, 81, 15-44.
15. BRIDGES, P. H. & CHAPMAN, A. J. 1988. The anatomy of a deep water mud-mound complex to the southwest of the Dinantian platform in Derbyshire, UK., Sedimentology, 35, 139 162.
16. _, GUTTERIDGE, P. & PICKARD, N. A. H. 1995. The environmental setting of early Carboniferous mud-mounds. In: MONTY, C., BOSENCE, D. W. J., BRIDGES, P. H. & PRATT, B. (eds) Carbonate Mud-Mounds: their Origin and Evolution. Special Publication, International Association of Sedimentologists, 23, 171-190.
17. BUCZYNSKI, C. & CHAFETZ, H. S. 1991. Habit of bacterially induced precipitates of calcium carbonate and the influence of medium viscosity on mineralogy. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 61, 226-233.
18. BUGGISCH, W. 1991. The global Frasnian-Famennian "Kellwasser Event". Geologische Rundschau, 80, 49-72.
19. BURNE, R. V. & MOORE, L. S. 1987. Microbialites: organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities. Palaios, 2, 241-254.
20. CHAFETZ, H. S. 1986. Marine peloids: a product of bacterially induced precipitation of calcite. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56, 812-817.
21. _ & BUCZYNSKI, C. 1992. Bacterially induced lithification of microbial mats. Palaios, 7, 277-293.
22. _ & FOLK, R. L. 1984. Travertines: depositional morphology and the bacterially constructed constituents. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 289-316.
23. COPPER, P. 1988. Ecological succession in Phanerozoic reef ecosystems: is it real? Palaios, 3, 136-151.
24. _1989. Enigmas in Phanerozoic reef development. Memoirs of the Association of Australasian Paleontology, 8, 371-385.
25. DALRYMPLE, D. W. 1965. Calcium carbonate deposition associated with blue-green algal mats, Baffin Bay, Texas. Publications of the University of Texas Institute of Marine Sciences, 10, 187-200.
26. DAVIES, G. R., RICHARDS, B. C., BEAUCHAMP, B, & NASSICHUK, W. W. 1989a. Carboniferous and Permian reefs in Canada and adjacent areas. In: GELDSETZER, H. H. J., JAMES, N. P. & TEBBUTT, G. E. (eds) Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Areas. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 13, 565-574.
27. _, NASSICHUK, W. W. & BEAUCHAMP, B. 1989b. Upper Carboniferous "Waulsortian" reefs, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. In: GELDSETZER, H. H. J., JAMES, N. P. & TEBBUTT, G. E. (eds) Reefs, Canada and Adjacent Areas. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 13, 658-666.
28. DAWSON, W. C. & CAROZZI, A. V. 1986. Anatomy of a phylloid algal buildup, Raytown Limestone, Iola Formation, Pennsylvanian, southeast Kansas, USA. Sedimentary Geology, 47, 221-261.
29. DICKSON, J. A. D., FORD, T. D. & SWIFT, A. 1987. The stratigraphy of the Carboniferous rocks around Castletown, Isle of Man. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society, 46, 203-229.
30. DIX, G. R. & JAMES, N. P. 1987. Late Mississippian bryozoan/microbial build-ups on a drowned karst terrain: Port au Port Peninsula, western Newfoundland. Sedimentology, 34, 779-793.
31. DREESEN, R., BLESS, M. J., CONIL, R., FLAJS, G. & LASCHET, C. 1985. Depositional environment, paleoecology and diagenetic history of the Marbre rouge a crinoides de Baelen (late Upper Devonian, Verviers Synclinorium, E. Belgium). Annales de ta Société Géologique de Belgique, 108, 311-359.
32. DUNHAM, R. J. 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to their depositional texture. In: HAM, W. E. (ed.) Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1, 108-121.
33. FANG, S. & HOU, F. 1987. Tatangian (Carboniferous) bryozoan-coral patch reef in the Langping of Tianlin, Guangxi. 11th Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère Beijing 1987 (abstracts), 1, 167-168.
34. FLÜGEL, E. & STEIGER, T. 1981. An Upper Jurassic sponge-algal buildup from the northern Frankenalb, West Germany. In: TOOMEY, D. F. (ed.) European Fossil Reef Models. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 30, 371-397.
35. FOLK, R. L. 1962 Spectral subdivision of limestone types. In: HAM, W. E. (ed.) Classification of Carbonate Rocks. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1, 62-84.
36. _, CHAFETZ, H. S. & TIEZZI, P. A. 1985. Bizarre forms of depositional and diagenetic calcite in hot-spring travertines, central Italy. In: SCHNEIDERMANN, N. & HARRIS, P. M. (eds) Carbonate Cements. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 36, 349-369
37. FRIEDMAN, G. M. 1993. Discussion of: Depositional controls on Lower Carboniferous microbial buildups, eastern Midland Valley of Scotland. Sedimentology, 40, 1171-1172.
38. _, AMIEL, A. J., BRAUN, M. & MILLER, D. S. 1973. Generation of carbonate particles and laminates in algal mats - examples from seamarginal hypersaline pool, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 57, 541-557.
39. _, _ & SCHNEIDERMANN, N. 1974. Submarine cementation in reefs: example from the Red Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 44, 816-825.
40. GAWTHORPE, R. L. 1986. Sedimentation during carbonate ramp-to-slope evolution in a tectonically active area: Bowland Basin (Dinantian), N. England. Sedimentology, 33, 185-206.
41. _, GUTTERIDGE, P. & LEEDER, M. R. 1989. Late Devonian and Dinantian basin evolution in northern England and North Wales. In: ARTHURTON, R. S., GUTTERIDGE, P. & NOLAN, S. C. (eds) The Role of Tectonics and Carboniferous Sedimentation in the British Isles. Occasional publication. Yorkshire Geological Society, 6, 1-23.
42. GILLIES, D. 1987. Diageneric History of the Waulsortian Carbonate Buildups (Dinantian), Craven Basin, NW England. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Edinburgh.
43. GOLUBIC, S. 1976. Organisms that build stromatolites. In: WALTER, M. R. (ed.) Stromatolites. Elsevier Scientific, New York, 113-126.
44. GREENFIELD, L. J. 1963. Metabolism and concentration of calcium and magnesium and precipitation of calcium carbonate by a marine bacterium. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 109, 23-45.
45. _1965. Mechanisms of calcium and magnesium uptake from sea water by a marine bacterium. Journal of Cellular and Comparative Physiology, 66, 109-118.
46. GUO, L. & RIDING, R. 1992a. Microbial carbonates in uppermost Permian reefs, Sichuan basin, southern China: some similarities with Recent travertines. Sedimentology, 39, 37-54.
47. _ & _ 1992b. Aragonitic laminae in hot water travertine crusts, Rapolano Terme, Italy. Sedimentology, 39, 1067-1079.
48. _ & _ 1994. Origin and diagenesis of Quaternary shrub facies, Rapolano Terme, central Italy. Sedimentology, 41, 499-520.
49. GUTSCHICK, R. C. & SANDBERG, C. A. 1983. Mississippian continental margins of the conterminous United States. In: STANLEY, D. J. & MOORE, G. T. (eds) The Shelfbreak: Critical Interface on Continental Margins. Special Publication, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 33, 79-96.
50. GUTTERIDGE, P. 1991. Dinantian sedimentation in the Edale Basin, north Derbyshire. Geological Journal, 26, 245-269.
51. _1995. Late Dinantian (Brigantian) carbonate mud-mounds of the Derbyshire carbonate platform. In: MONTY, C., BOSENCE, D. W. J., BRIDGES, P. H. & PRATT, B. (eds) Carbonate Mud-Mounds: their Origin and Evolution. Special Publication, International Association of Sedimentologists, 23, 289-307.
52. HALLOCK, P. & SCHLAGER. W. 1986. Nutrient excess and the demise of coral reefs and carbonate platforms. Palaios, 1, 389-398.
53. HECKEL, P. H. 1974. Carbonate buildups in the geologic record: a review. In: LAPORTE, L. F. (ed.) Reefs in Time and Space. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 18, 90-154.
54. HENNEBERT, M. & LEES, A. 1991. Environmental gradients in carbonate sediments and rocks detected by correspondence analysis: examples from the Recent of Norway and Dinantian of southwest England. Sedimentology, 38, 623-642.
55. HORBURY, A. D. 1992. A Late Dinantian peloid cementstone-palaeoberesellid buildup from North Lancashire, England. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 117-137.
56. HOVLAND, M. 1990. Do carbonate reefs form due to fluid seepage? Terra Nova, 2, 8-18.
57. JAMES, N. P. 1983. Reef environment. In: SCHOLLE, P. A., BEBOUT, D. G. & MOORE, C. H. (eds) Carbonate Depositional Environments. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 33, 345-440.
58. JONES, G. LL. & SOMERVILLE, I. D. 1996. Irish Dinantian biostratigraphy: practical applications. This volume.
59. KAHLE, C. F. 1977. Origin of subaerial Holocene calcareous crusts: role of algae, fungi and sparmicritization. Sedimentology, 24, 413-435.
60. KANWISHER, J. W. & WAINWRIGHT, S. A. 1967. Oxygen balance in some reef corals. Biological Bulletin, 133, 378-390.
61. KELLY, J. G. & SOMERVILLE, I. D. 1992. Arundian (Dinantian) mudbanks in NW Ireland. Geological Journal. 27, 221-241.
62. KENDALL, A. C. 1985. Radiaxial fibrous calcite: a reappraisal. In: SCHNEIDERMANN, N. & HARRIS, P. M. (eds) Carbonate Cements. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 36, 59-77.
63. KENNARD, J. M. & JAMES, N. P. 1986. Thrombolites and stromatolites: two distinct types of microbial structures. Palaios, 1, 492-503.
64. KING, D. T., JR. 1986. Waulsortian-type buildups and resedimented (carbonate-turbidite) facies, Early Mississippian Burlington shelf, central Missouri. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 56, 471-479.
65. _ 1990. Probable influence of early Carboniferous (Tournaisian-early Viséan) geography on the development of Waulsortian and Waulsortian-like mounds. Geology, 18, 591-594.
66. KRUMBEIN, W. E. 1979. Photolithotropic and chemoorganotropic activity of bacteria and algae as related to beachrock formation and degradation (Gulf of Aqaba. Sinai). Geomicrobiology Journal, 1, 139-203.
67. _ & GIELE, C. 1979. Calcification in a coccoid cyanobacterium associated with the formation of desert stromatolites. Sedimentology, 26, 593-604.
68. LALOU, C. 1957. Studies on bacterial precipitation of carbonate in sea water. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27, 190-195.
69. LAUWERS, A. S. 1992. Growth and diagenesis of cryptalgal-bryozoan buildups within a mid-Viséan (Dinantian) cyclic sequence, Belgium. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 115, 187-213.
70. LEES, A. 1988. Waulsortian "reefs": the history of the concept. Mémoires de l'Institute Géologique de la Université de Louvain, 34, 43-55.
71. _ & MILLER, J. 1985. Facies variation in Waulsortian buildups, Part 2; Mid-Dinantian buildups from Europe and North America. Geological Journal, 20, 159-180.
72. _ & _ 1995. Waulsortian banks. In: MONTY, C., BOSENCE, D. W. J., BRIDGES, P. H. & PRATT, B. (eds) Carbonate Mud-Mounds: their Origin and Evolution. Special Publication, International Association of Sedimentologists, 23, 191-127.
73. _, HALLET, V. & HIBO, D. 1985. Facies variation in Waulsortian buildups, Part 1; a model from Belgium. Geological Journal, 20, 133-158.
74. LEINFELDER, R. R., NOSE, M., SCHMID, D. U. & WERNER, W. 1993. Microbial crusts of the Late Jurassic: composition, palaeoecological significance and importance in reef construction. Facies, 29, 195-230.
75. MCKEE, E. D. & GUTSCHICK, R. C. 1969. History of the Redwall Limestone of northern Arizona. Geological Society of America Memoir, 114, 1-726.
76. MCKINNEY, F. K., MCKINNEY, M. J. & LISTOKIN, M. R. A. 1987. Erect bryozoans are more than baffling: enhanced sedimentation rate by a living unilaminate branched bryozoan and possible implications for fenestrate bryozoan mudmounds. Palaios, 2, 41-47.
77. MACINTYRE, I. G. 1984. Extensive submarine lithification in a cave in the Belize barrier reef platform. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 221-235.
78. _1985. Submarine cements - the peloid question. In: SCHNEIDERMANN, N. & HARRIS, P. M. (eds) Carbonate Cements. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 36, 109-116.
79. MAMET, B. & BOULVAIN, F. 1988. Remplissages bacteriens de cavites biohermales Frasniennes. Bulletin de la Société Belge de Géologie, 97, 63-76.
80. MARSHALL, J. F. 1983. Submarine cementation in a high-energy platform reef: One Tree Reef, southern Great Barrier Reef. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 53, 1133-1149.
81. MEADOWS, A., MEADOWS, P. S., MUIR WOOD, D. & MURRAY, J. M. H. 1994. Microbiological effects on slope stability: an experimental analysis. Sedimentology, 41, 423-436.
82. MILLER, J. 1986. Facies relations and diagenesis in Waulsortian mudmounds from the Lower Carboniferous of Ireland and N. England. In: SCHROEDER, J. H. & PURSER, B. H. (eds) Reef Diagenesis. Springer-Verlag, New York, 311-335.
83. MONTY, C. L. V. 1976. The origin and development of cryptalgal fabrics. In: WALTER, M. R. (ed.) Stromatolites. Elsevier Scientific, New York, 193-249.
84. _1982. Cavity or fissure dwelling stromatolites (endostromatolites) from Belgian Devonian mud-mounds. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 105, 343-344.
85. _1984. Mud-mounds: geology and palaeoecology. In: GEISTER. J. & HERB, R. (eds) Géologie et Paléoécologie des Récifs. Institut de Géologie de l'Université de Berne, 231-238.
86. _, BERNET-ROLLANDE, M. C., & MAURIN, A. F. 1982. Re-interpretation of the Frasnian classical "reefs" of the southern Ardennes, Belgium. Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique, 105, 339-341.
87. MORITA, R. Y. 1980. Calcite precipitation by marine bacteria. Geomicrobiology Journal, 2, 63-82.
88. MOUNTJOY, E. W. & RIDING, R. 1981. Foreslope stromatoporoid-renalcid bioherm with evidence of early cementation, Devonian Ancient Wall reef complex, Rocky Mountains. Sedimentology, 28, 299-319.
89. MUNDY, D. J. C. 1980. Aspects of the Palaeoecology of the Craven Reef Belt (Dinantian) of North Yorkshire. PhD Thesis, University of Manchester.
90. _1994. Microbialite-sponge-bryozoan-coral framestones in Lower Carboniferous (late Viséan) buildups of northern England (UK). In: BEAUCHAMP, B., EMBRY, A. F. & GLASS, D. J. (eds) Pangea: Global environments and resources. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir. 17, 713-729.
91. PEDLEY, M. 1992. Freshwater (phytoherm) reefs: the role of biofilms and their bearing on marine reef cementation. Sedimentary Geology. 79, 255-274.
92. PENTECOST, A. & RIDING, R. 1986. Calcification in cyanobacteria. In: RIDING, R. & LEADBEATER, B. S. C. (eds) Biomineralisation in the Lower Plants and Animals. Special Volume of the Systematics Association, 73-90.
93. PICKARD, N. A. H. 1992. Depositional controls on Lower Carboniferous microbial buildups, eastern Midland Valley of Scotland. Sedimentology, 39, 1081-1100.
94. _1993 Reply to discussion of 'Depositional controls on Lower Carboniferous microbial buildups, eastern Midland Valley of Scotland'. Sedimentology, 40, 1171-1172.
95. _, REES, J. R., STROGEN, P., SOMERVILLE, I. D. & JONES, G. LL. 1994. Controls on the evolution and demise of late Dinantian carbonate platforms, northern margin of the Dublin Basin, Ireland. Geological Journal, 29, 93-117.
96. PRATT, B. R. 1982. Stromatolitic framework of carbonate mud-mounds. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 52, 1203-1227.
97. _1984. Epiphyton and Renalcis diagenetic microfossils from calcification of coccoid blue-green algae. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 54, 948-971.
98. _ & JAMES, N. P. 1982. Cryptalgal-metazoan bioherms of Early Ordovician age in the St. George Group, western Newfoundland. Sedimentology, 29, 543-569.
99. PRAY, L. C. 1958. Fenestrate bryozoan core facies, Mississippian bioherms, southwestern United States. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 28, 261-273.
100. _ & WRAY, J. L. 1963. Porous algal facies (Pennsylvanian) Honaker Trail, San Juan Canyon, Utah. In: BASS, R. O. & SHARPS, S. L. (eds) Shelf Carbonates, Paradox Basin (4th Field Conference Guidebook). Four Corners Geological Society, 204-234.
101. REID, R. P. 1987. Nonskeletal peloidal precipitates in Upper Triassic reefs, Yukon Territory (Canada). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 893-900.
102. RIDING, R. 1975. Girvanella and other algae as depth indicators. Lethaia, 8, 173-179.
103. _1991a. Classification of microbial carbonates. In: RIDING, R. (ed.) Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 21-51.
104. _1991b. Calcified cyanobacteria. In: RIDING, R. (ed.) Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 55-87.
105. _ & Guo, L. 1990. Affinity of Tubiphytes. Palaeontology, 35, 37-49.
106. _ & _1991. Permian marine calcareous algae. In: RIDING, R. (ed.) Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 452-480.
107. RODRÍGUEZ, S. 1996. Development of coral reef-facies during the Viséan at Los Santos de Maimona, SW Spain. This volume.
108. SANDBERG, P. 1985. Aragonite cements and their occurrence in ancient limestones. In: SCHNEIDERMANN, N. & HARRIS, P. M. (eds) Carbonate Cements. Special Publication, Society for Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, 36, 33-57.
109. SCHROEDER, J. H. 1972. Calcified filaments of an endolithic alga in Recent Bermuda reefs. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Monatshefte, 1972, 16-33.
110. SCHWARZACHER, W. 1961. Petrology and structure of some Lower Carboniferous reefs in northwestern Ireland. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 45, 1481-1503.
111. SCOFFIN, T. P. 1970. The trapping and binding of subtidal carbonate sediments by marine vegetation in Bimini lagoon, Bahamas. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 40, 249-273.
112. _1971. The conditions of growth of the Wenlock reefs of Shropshire, England. Sedimentology, 17, 173-219.
113. SKOMPSKI, S. 1987. The dasycladacean nature of late Paleozoic palaeoberesellid algae. Acta Geologica Polonica, 37, 21-31.
114. SOMERVILLE, I. D. & STROGEN, P. 1992. Ramp sedimentation in the Dinantian limestones of the Shannon Trough, Co. Limerick, Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 59-75.
115. _, PICKARD, N. A. H., STROGEN, P. & JONES, G. LL. 1992a. Early to mid-Viséan shallow-water platform buildups, north Co. Dublin, Ireland. Geological Journal, 27, 151-172.
116. _, STROGEN, P. & JONES, G. LL. 1992b. Mid-Dinantian Waulsortian buildups in the Dublin Basin, Ireland. Sedimentary Geology, 79, 91-116.
117. _, _, _& SOMERVILLE, H. E. A. 1996. Late Viséan buildups at Kingscourt, Ireland: possible precursors for Upper Carboniferous bioherms. This volume.
118. SUN, S. Q. & WRIGHT, V. P. 1989. Peloidal fabrics in Upper Jurassic reefal limestones, Weald Basin, southern England. Sedimentary Geology, 65, 165-181.
119. TOOMEY, D. F. & WINLAND, H. D. 1973. Rock and biotic facies associated with Middle Pennsylvanian (Desmoinesian) algal buildup, Nena Lucia field, Nolan County. Texas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 57, 1053-1074.
120. _, WILSON, J. L. & REZAK, R. 1977. Evolution of Yucca Mound complex. Late Pennsylvanian phylloid algal buildup, Sacramento Mountains, New Mexico. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61, 2115-2133.
121. VIDETICH, P. E. 1985. Electron microprobe study of Mg distribution in recent Mg calcites and recrystallized equivalents from the Pleistocene and Tertiary. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 55, 421-429.
122. WALLACE, M. W. 1987. The role of internal erosion and sedimentation in the formation of stromatactis mudstones and associated lithologies. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 57, 695-700.
123. WEBB, G. E. 1987. Late Mississippian thrombolite bioherms from the Pitkin Formation of northern Arkansas. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 99, 686-698.
124. _1989. Late Viséan coral-algal bioherms from the Lion Creek Formation of Queensland, Australia. 11th Congrès International de Stratigraphie et de Géologie du Carbonifère Beijing 1987. Compte Rendu, 3, 282-295.
125. _1994. Non-Waulsortian Mississippian bioherms: a comparative analysis. In: BEAUCHAMP, B., EMBRY, A. F. & GLASS, D. J. (eds) Pangea: Global Environments and Resources. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 17, 701-712.
126. WENDT, J. 1993. Steep-sided carbonate mud-mounds in the Middle Devonian of the eastern Anti-Atlas, Morocco. Geological Magazine, 130, 69-83.
127. _, BELKA, Z. & MOUSSINE-POUCHKINE, A. 1993. New architectures of deep-water carbonate buildups: evolution of mud-mounds into mud ridges (Middle Devonian, Algerian Sahara). Geology, 21, 723-726.
128. WEST, R. R. 1988. Temporal changes in Carboniferous reef mound communities. Palaios, 3, 152-169.
129. WILSON, J. L. 1975. Carbonate Fades in Geologic History. Springer-Verlag, New York.
130. WOLFENDEN, E. B. 1958. Paleoecology of the Carboniferous reef complex and shelf limestones in northwest Derbyshire. England. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 69, 871-898.
131. WOOD, R. 1993. Nutrients, predation and the history of reef-building. Palaios, 8, 526-543.
132. WRAY, J. L. 1977 Calcareous Algae. Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 4, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
133. WRIGHT, V. P. 1991. Comment on 'Probable influence of early Carboniferous (Tournaisian-early Viséan) geography on the development of Waulsortian and Waulsortian-like mounds'. Geology, 19, 413.
134. _1994. Early Carboniferous carbonate systems: an alternative to the Cainozoic paradigm. Sedimentary Geology, 93, 1-5.
135. _ & FAULKNER, T. J. 1990. Sediment dynamics of Early Carboniferous ramps: a proposal. Geological Journal, 25, 139-144.
136. _ & TUCKER, M. E. 1990. Carbonate Sedimentology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.