Can the emergency department algorithm detect changes in access to care?

Academic Emergency Medicine

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 506-516

  Lowe, Robert A ^a,b,c   Fu, Rongwei ^a,b  

^a OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b OREGON HEALTH AND SCIENCE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Access to care; Emergency department; Measurement; Medicaid; Methodology

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; EMERGENCY CARE; EMERGENCY WARD; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; MEDICAID; METHODOLOGY; PREVENTIVE MEDICINE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; CHI SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES; UTILIZATION REVIEW;

ALGORITHMS; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HUMANS; LOGISTIC MODELS; OREGON; PATIENT ADMISSION;

EID: 52149106710     PISSN: 10696563     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2008.00108.x     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Billings J, Zeitel L, Lukomnik J, Carey TS, Blank AE, Newman L. Impact of socioeconomic status on hospital use in New York City. Health Affairs. 1993; 12:162-73.
2. Billings J, Anderson GM, Newman LS. Recent findings on preventable hospitalizations. Health Affairs. 1996; 15:239-49.
3. Backus L, Moron M, Bacchetti P, Baker LC, Bindman AB. Effect of managed care on preventable hospitalization rates in California. Med Care. 2002; 40:315-24.
4. Basu J, Friedman B. Preventable illness and out-of-area travel of children in New York counties. Health Econ. 2001; 10:67-78.
5. Basu J, Friedman B, Burstin H. Primary care, HMO enrollment, and hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: a new approach. Med Care. 2002; 40:1260-9.
6. Bindman AB, Grumbach K, Osmond D, et al. Preventable hospitalizations and access to health care. JAMA. 1995; 274:305-11.
7. Caper P. The microanatomy of health care. Health Affairs. 1993; 12:174-7.
8. Falik M, Needleman J, Wells BL, Korb J. Ambulatory care sensitive hospitalizations and emergency visits: experiences of Medicaid patients using federally qualified health centers. Med Care. 2001; 39:551-61.
9. Friedman B, Basu J. Health insurance, primary care, and preventable hospitalization of children in a large state. Am J Manag Care. 2001; 7:473-81.
10. Weissman JS, Gatsonis C, Epstein AM. Rates of avoidable hospitalization by insurance status in Massachusetts and Maryland. JAMA. 1992; 268:2388-94.
11. Billings J. Tools for monitoring the health care safety net: using administrative data to monitor access, identify disparities, and assess performance of the safety net. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality; 2003. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/data/safetynet/billing2.htm. Accessed Sep 9, 2007.
12. Billings J. Interactive Tool and Software: Safety Net Monitoring Initiative. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2004. Available from: http://www.ahrq.gov/data/safetynet/toolsoft.htm. Accessed Sep 9, 2007.
13. Billings J, Parikh N, Mijanovich T. Emergency department use in New York City: a survey of Bronx patients. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2000; 435:1-5.
14. Billings J, Parikh N, Mijanovich T. Emergency department use in New York City: a substitute for primary care? Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2000; 433:1-5.
15. Billings J, Parikh N, Mijanovich T. Emergency room use: The New York story. Issue Brief (Commonw Fund). 2000 Nov.
16. Cunningham PJ, Clancy CM, Cohen JW, Wilets M. The use of hospital emergency departments for nonurgent health problems: a national perspective. Med Care Res Rev. 1995; 52:453-74.
17. Richardson LD, Hwang U. Access to care: a review of the emergency medicine literature. Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:1030-6.
18. Phelps K, Taylor C, Kimmel S, Nagel R, Klein W, Puczynski S. Factors associated with emergency department utilization for nonurgent pediatric problems. Arch Fam Med. 2000; 9:1086-92.
19. Zuckerman S, Shen YC. Characteristics of occasional and frequent emergency department users: do insurance coverage and access to care matter? Med Care. 2004; 42:176-82.
20. Wilson KM, Klein JD. Adolescents who use the emergency department as their usual source of care. Arch Pediatr Adoles Med. 2000; 154:361-5.
21. O'Brien GM, Stein MD, Zierler S, Shapiro M, O'Sullivan P, Woolard R. Use of the ED as a regular source of care: associated factors beyond lack of health insurance. Ann Emerg Med. 1997; 30:286-91.
22. Lombrail P, Vitoux-Brot C, Bourrillon A, Brodin M, De Pouvourville G. Another look at emergency room overcrowding: accessibility of the health services and quality of care. Int J Qual Health Care. 1997; 9:225-35.
23. Halfon N, Newacheck PW, Wood DL, St Peter RF. Routine emergency department use for sick care by children in the United States. Pediatrics. 1996; 98:28-34.
24. Li G, Grabowski JG, McCarthy ML, Kelen GD. Neighborhood characteristics and emergency department utilization. Acad Emerg Med. 2003; 10:853-9.
25. Baker DW, Stevens CD, Brook RH. Regular source of ambulatory care and medical care utilization by patients presenting to a public hospital emergency department. JAMA. 1994; 271:1909-12.
26. Weinick RM, Billings J, Thorpe JM. Ambulatory care sensitive emergency department vits: a national perspective [abstract]. Acad Emerg Med. 2003; 10:525-6.
27. Gordon JA, Billings J, Asplin BR, Rhodes KV. Safety net research in emergency medicine: proceedings of the Academic Emergency Medicine Consensus Conference on "The Unraveling Safety Net." Acad Emerg Med. 2001; 8:1024-9.
28. Lowe RA, Localio AR, Schwarz DF, et al. Association between primary care practice characteristics and emergency department use in a Medicaid managed care organization. Med Care. 2005; 43:792-800.
29. Bodenheimer T. The Oregon Health Plan-lessons for the nation. First of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:651-5.
30. Bodenheimer T. The Oregon Health Plan-lessons for the nation. Second of two parts. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337:720-3.
31. McConnell K, Wallace NT. Impact of premium changes in the Oregon Health Plan. Portland, OR: Office for Oregon Health Policy and Research; 2003. Available from: http://egov.oregon.gov/DAS/OHPPR/RSCH/docs/ImpactsPremiums.pdf. Accessed Sep 9, 2007
32. Oregon Health Services Commission. Prioritized list of benefit packages for OHP Standard: Interim report to the Governor and legislative leadership. Salem, OR: Office for Oregon Health Policy and Research, 2002. Available at: http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/OHPPR/HSC/docs/7-02OHPStandard.pdf. Accessed Sep 9, 2007.
33. Wright BJ, Carlson MJ, Edlund T, DeVoe J, Gallia C, Smith J. The impact of increased cost sharing on Medicaid enrollees. Health Affairs. 2005; 24:1106-16.
34. Carlson M, Wright B, Gallia C. The impact of program changes on health care for the OHP Standard population: early results from a prospective cohort study. Portland, OR: Office for Oregon Health Policy & Research, 2004. Available from: http://www.oregon.gov/DAS/OHPPR/RSCH/docs/ OHREC2004Presentations.pdf. Accessed Mar 5, 2008.
35. Mann C, Artiga S. The impact of recent changes in health care coverage for low-income people: a first look at research following changes in Oregon's Medicaid program. Washington, DC: Kaiser Commission on Medicaid and the Uninsured, 2004. Available from: http://www.kff.org/medicaid/loader.cfm?url=/ commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=36812. Accessed Sep 9, 2007.
36. Lowe RA, McConnell KJ, Vogt ME, Smith JA. Impact of Medicaid cutbacks on emergency department use: the Oregon experience. Ann Emerg Med. 2008; [in press].
37. Box GEP, Jenkins GM, Reinsel CG. Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994.
38. Lowe RA, McConnell KJ, Lapidus J, Weathers C, Adams A, Bauman B. Changes in access to primary care for Oregon Health Plan beneficiaries and the uninsured: a preliminary report based on Oregon Health & Science University emergency department data. Portland, OR: Oregon Office of Health Research and Policy; 2003. Available at: http://egov.oregon.gov/DAS/OHPPR/RSCH/docs/ ChangesAccess.pdf. Accessed Sep 9, 2007.
39. Hsu J, Price M, Brand R, et al. Cost-sharing for emergency care and unfavorable clinical events: findings from the safety and financial ramifications of ED copayments study. Health Serv Res. 2006; 41:1801-20.
40. McCaig LF, Burt CW. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2002 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2004; 18:1-34.
41. McCaig LF, Nawar EW. National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 2004 emergency department summary. Adv Data. 2006 Jun 23:1-29.
42. Schneider D, Appleton L, McLemore R. A reason for visit classification for ambulatory care. National Center for Health Statistics Vital and Health Statistics: Series 2, Data evaluation and methods research; No 78. DHEW publication; No. (PHS) 79-1352; 1979.
43. Efron B, Morris C. Stein's paradox in statistics. Sci Am. 1977; 236:119-27.