Study about different clinical variants and skin scores in systemic sclerosis;Estudo sobre as diferentes formas clínicas e escores cutâneos na esclerose sistêmica

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

Volumn 44, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 1-8

  Sampaio Barros, Percival D ^a   Samara, Adil Muhib ^a   Neto, João Francisco Marques ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Skin score; Skin thickness; Systemic sclerosis

Indexed keywords

EID: 52149099897     PISSN: 04825004     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Masi AT, Rodnan GP, Medsger TA Jr, et al: Preliminary criteria for the classification of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Arthritis Rheum 23: 581-90, 1980.
2. LeRoy EC, Black C, Fleischmajer R, et al: Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis): Classification, subsets and pathogenesis. J Rheumatol 15: 202-5, 1988.
3. Bennett R, Bluestone R, Holt PJL, Bywaters EGL: Survival in scleroderma. Ann Rheum Dis 30: 581-8, 1971.
4. Medsger TA Jr, Masi AT, Rodnan GP, Benedek TG, Robinson H: Survival with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): A life-table analysis of clinical and demographic factors in 309 patients. Ann Intern Med 75: 369-76, 1971.
5. Arbeitsgruppe der ADF: Klinik der progressiven systemichen sklerodermie (PSS). Multizentrische untersuchungen an 194 patienten. Der Hautartz 37: 320-4, 1986.
6. Giordano M, Valentini G, Migliaresi S, Picillo U, Vatti M: Different antibody patterns and different prognoses in patients with scleroderma with various extent of skin sclerosis. J Rheumatol 13: 911-6, 1986.
7. Barnett AJ, Miller MH, Littlejohn GO: A survival study of patients with scleroderma diagnosed over 30 years (1953-1983): The value of a simple cutaneous classification in the early stages of the disease. J Rheumatol 15: 276-83, 1988.
8. Falanga V, Bucalo B: Use of a durometer to assess skin hardness. J Am Acad Dermatol 29: 47-51, 1993.
9. Aghassi D, Monoson T, Braverman I: Reproducible measurements to quantify cutaneous involvement in scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 131: 1160-6, 1995.
10. Enomoto DNH, Mekkes JR, Bossuyt PMM, Hoekzema R, Bos JD: Quantification of cutaneous sclerosis with a skin elasticity meter in patients with generalized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 35: 381-7, 1996.
11. Ihn H, Shimozuma M, Fujimoto M, et al: Ultrasound measurement of skin thickness in systemic sclerosis. Br J Rheumatol 34: 535-8, 1995.
12. Seidenari S, Belletti B, Conti A: A quantitative description of echographic images of sclerotic skin in patients with systemic sclerosis, as assessed by computerized image analysis on 20 MHz B-scan recordings. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 76: 361-4, 1996.
13. Scheja A, Akesson A: Comparison of high frequency (20 MHz) ultrasound and palpation for the assessment of skin involvement in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Clin Exp Rheumatol 15: 283-8, 1997.
14. Steen VD, Medsger Jr. TA, Rodnan GP: D-penicillamine therapy in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Ann Intern Med 97: 652-9, 1982.
15. Kahaleh MB, Suttany GL, Smith EA, Huffstutter J, Loadholt C, LeRoy EC: A modified scleroderma skin scoring method. Clin Exp Rheumatol 4: 367-9, 1986.
16. Akesson A, Wollheim FA: Organ manifestations in 100 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis: A comparison between the CREST syndrome and diffuse scleroderma. Br J Rheumatol 28: 281-6, 1989.
17. Clements PJ, Lachenbruch PA, Ng SC, Simmons M, Sterz M, Furst DE: Skin score: A semiquantitative measure of cutaneous involvement that improves prediction of prognosis in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 33: 1256-63, 1990.
18. Medsger Jr. TA, Steen VD, Ziegler Z, Rodnan GP: The natural history of skin involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 23: 720-1, 1980.
19. Brennan P, Silman A, Black C, et al; on behalf of the UK Scleroderma Study Group: Reliability of skin involvement measures in scleroderma. Br J Rheumatol 31: 457-60, 1992.
20. Clements PJ, Lachenbruch PA, Seibold JR, et al: Skin thickness score in systemic sclerosis: An assessment of interobserver variability in 3 independent studies. J Rheumatol 20: 1892-6, 1993.
21. Pope JE, Baron M, Bellamy N, et al: Variability of skin scores and clinical measurements in scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22: 1271-6, 1995.
22. Silman A, Harrison M, Brennan P, and the ad hoc International Group on the Assessment of Disease Outcome in Scleroderma: Is it possible to reduce observer variability in skin score assessment in scleroderma? J Rheumatol 22: 1277-80, 1995.
23. Clements P, Lachenbruch P, Seibold J, et al: Inter and intraobserver variability of total skin thickness score (modified Rodnan TSS) in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 22: 1281-5, 1995.
24. Furst DE, Clements PJ, Steen VD, et al: The modified Rodnan skin score is an accurate reflection of skin biopsy thickness in systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 25: 84-8, 1998.
25. Black CM: Measurement of skin involvement in scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22: 1217-9, 1995.
26. Seibold JR, McCloskey DA; Skin involvement as a relevant outcome measure in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 9: 571-5, 1997.
27. Herrick A, Rooney B, Finn J, Silman AJ: Lack of relationship between functional ability and skin score in patients with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 28: 292-5, 2001.
28. Clements PJ, Hurwitz EL, Wong WK, et al: Skin thickness score as a predictor and correlate of outcome in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 43: 2445-54, 2000.
29. Bryan C, Knight C, Black CM, Silman AJ: Prediction of five-year survival following presentation with scleroderma: Development of a simple model using three disease factors at first visit. Arthritis Rheum 42: 2660-5, 1999.
30. Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr: Severe organ involvement in systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 43: 2437-44, 2000.
31. Steen VD, Medsger TA Jr: Improvement in skin thickening in systemic sclerosis associated with improved survival. Arthritis Rheum 44: 2828-35, 2001.