A modified dynamic framework for the atmospheric spectral model and its application

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 65, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 2235-2253

  Wu, Tongwen ^a   Yu, Rucong ^a   Zhang, Fang ^a  

^a NATIONAL CLIMATE CENTER   (China)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC SPECTRA; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; ATMOSPHERICS; BOUNDARY CONDITIONS; BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION (CALCULUS); EARTH ATMOSPHERE; FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION; GRADIENT METHODS; METEOROLOGY; MODELS; OCEANOGRAPHY; PERTURBATION TECHNIQUES; PRESSURE GRADIENT; SEA ICE; STANDARDS; SULFUR COMPOUNDS; SURFACE CHEMISTRY; TEMPERATURE SCALES;

ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY CONDITIONING; COMMUNITY ATMOSPHERE MODEL; DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK; GEOPOTENTIAL; GLOBAL SCALING; GOVERNING EQUATIONS; MEAN SEA SURFACE; MID LATITUDES; NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH; NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS; PARAMETERIZATIONS; PRESSURE GRADIENT FORCE; PROGNOSTIC VARIABLES; SEA ICE CONCENTRATION; SEMI-IMPLICIT; SPECTRAL MODELING; SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; STANDARD ATMOSPHERE; SURFACE PRESSURES; TIME DIFFERENCES;

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE;

AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; NUMERICAL MODEL; SPECTRAL ANALYSIS; VORTICITY;

EID: 52049121090     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2007JAS2514.1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Arakawa, A., and M. J. Suarez, 1983: Vertical differencing of the primitive equations in sigma coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 34-45.
2. Boer, G. J., and Coauthors, 1992: Some results from an intercomparison of the climates simulated by 14 atmospheric general circulation models. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12771-12786.
3. Chen, J., and A. J. Simmons, 1989: Sensitivity of medium-range weather forecasts to the use of reference atmosphere. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 275-293.
4. Chen, J., L. Ji, and W. Wu, 1987: Design and test of an improved scheme for global spectral model with reduction truncation error. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 4, 156-168.
5. Collins, W. D., and Coauthors, 2004: Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-464+STR, 226 pp.
6. Collins, W.D. and Coauthors, 2006: The formulation and atmospheric simulation of the Community Atmospheric Model version 3 (CAM3). J. Climate, 19, 2144-2161.
7. Corby, G. A., A. Gilchrist, and R. L. Newson, 1972: A general circulation model of the atmosphere suitable for long period integrations. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 98, 809-832.
8. Dong, M., and Coauthors, 2001: NCC atmospheric general circulation model basic principles and user's guide (in Chinese). China Meteorological Press, 152 pp.
9. Gary, J. M., 1973: Estimate of truncation error in transformed coordinate primitive equation atmospheric models. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 223-233.
10. Janjić, T. Z., 1998: Comments on "A finite volume integration method for computing pressure gradient force in general vertical coordinates." Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 2527-2529.
11. Janjić T. Z., and Z. I. Janjić, 1993: Spectral distributions of the pressure gradient force errors in σ-coodinate spectral and grid-point models in an idealized case. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 52, 129-135.
12. Janjić, Z. I., 1977: Pressure gradient force and advection scheme used for forecasting with steep and small scale topography. Contrib. Atmos. Phys., 50, 186-199.
13. Janjić Z. I., 1989: On the pressure gradient force error in σ-coodinate spectral models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2285-2292.
14. Johnson, D. R., and L. W. Uccellini, 1983: A comparison of methods for computing the sigma-coordinate pressure gradient force for flow over sloped terrain in a hybrid theta-sigma model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 870-886.
15. Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. B. Boville, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, 1998: The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3. J. Climate, 11, 1131-1149.
16. Lin, S.-J., 1997: A finite volume integration method for computing pressure gradient force in general vertical coordinates. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1749-1762.
17. Lin, S.-J., 1998: Reply to comments by T. Janjić on "A finite volume integration method for computing pressure gradient force in general vertical coordinates." Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 2531-2533.
18. Mahrer, Y., 1984: An improved numerical approximation of the horizontal pressure gradients in a terrain following coordinate system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 918-922.
19. Mesinger, F., and Z. I. Janjić, 1985: Problems and numerical methods of the incorporation of mountains in atmospheric models. Lect. Appl. Math., 22, 81-120.
20. Michailović, D. T., and Z. I. Janjić, 1986: Comparison of methods for reducing the error of the pressure gradient force in sigma-coordinate models. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 35, 177-184.
21. Rayner, N. A., D. E. Parker, E. B. Horton, C. K. Folland, L. V. Alexander, D. P. Powell, E. C. Kent, and A. Kaplan, 2003: Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4407, doi:10.1029/2002JD002670.
22. Roeckner, E., and Coauthors, 2003: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie Rep. 349, 127 pp.
23. Sheng, H., W. Bourke, and T. Hart, 1992: An impact of hydrostatic extraction scheme on BMRC's global spectral model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 9, 269-278.
24. Simmons, A. J., 1987: Orography and the development of the ECMWF forecast model. Proc. ECMWF Seminar on Observation, Theory and Modelling of Orographic Effects, Vol. 2, Reading, United Kingdom, ECMWF, 129-163.
25. Simmons, A. J., and D. M. Burridge, 1981: An energy and angular-momentum conserving vertical finite-difference scheme and hybrid vertical coordinates. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 758-766.
26. Simmons, A. J., and R. Strüfing, 1981: An energy and angular-momentum conserving finite-difference scheme, hybrid coordinates, and medium-range weather prediction. ECMWF Tech. Report 28, 68 pp.
27. Simmons, A. J., and J. Chen, 1991: The calculation of geopotential and the pressure gradient in the ECMWF atmospheric model: Influence on the simulation of the polar atmosphere and on temperature analyses. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 117, 29-58.
28. Sundqvist, H., 1975: On truncation errors in sigma-system models. Atmosphere, 13, 81-95.
29. Sundqvist, H., 1976: On vertical interpolation and truncation in connection with use of sigma-system models. Atmosphere, 14, 37-52.
30. Taylor, K. E., 2001: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J. Geophys Res., 106, 7183-7192.
31. Williamson, D. L., 1995: Skill scores from the AMIP simulations. Proc. First Int. AMIP Scientific Conf., Monterey, CA, World Meteorological Organization, 253-256.
32. Wu, G., H. Liu, Y. Zhao, and W. Li, 1996: A nine-layer atmospheric general circulation model and its performance. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 13, 1-18.
33. Wu, T., P. Liu, Z. Wang, Y. Liu, R. Yu, and G. Wu, 2003: The performance of atmospheric component model R42L9 of GOALS/LASG. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 26 726-742.
34. Zeng, Q., 1963: Characteristic parameter and dynamical equation of atmospheric motions (in Chinese). Acta Meteor. Sin., 33, 472-483.
35. Zeng, Q., X. Zhang, X. Liang, C. Yuan, and S. F. Chen, 1989: Documentation of IAP two-level atmospheric general circulation model. U.S. Dept. of Energy Rep. DOE/ER/60314-HI, TRO44, 383 pp.
36. Zhang, D., H. Sheng, and L. Ji, 1990: Development and test of hydrostatic extraction scheme in spectral model. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 7, 142-153.