Critical habitat designation under the US Endangered Species Act: How are biological criteria used?

Biological Conservation

Volumn 141, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 2662-2668

  Hodges, Karen E ^a   Elder, Jason ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Habitat; Lawsuits; Policy; Terrestrial animals; United States

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ENDANGERED SPECIES; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY; HABITAT CONSERVATION; SPECIES CONSERVATION; TERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENT;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 52049101551     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.07.013     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Conservation Council for Hawaii v. Babbitt. 1998. 2 F. Supp. 2d 1280, Number 97-00098 (US District Court).
2. GAO (US General Accounting Office), 2003. Endangered Species: Fish and Wildlife Service uses best available science to make listing decisions, but additional guidance needed for critical habitat designations. GAO-03-803. US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., USA.
3. Hagen A.N., and Hodges K.E. Resolving critical habitat designation failures: reconciling law, policy, and biology. Conservation Biology 20 (2006) 399-407
4. Hoekstra J.M., Fagan W.F., and Bradley J.E. A critical role for critical habitat in the recovery planning process? Not yet. Ecological Applications 12 (2002) 701-707
5. Hood, G.M., 2005. PopTools version 2.7.1. Available at .
6. Home Builders Association of Northern California v. USFWS, 2003. CV F01-5722 (US District Court).
7. Lawler J.J., Campbell S.P., Guerry A.D., Kolozsvary M.B., O'Connor R.J., and Seward L.C.N. The scope and treatment of threats in endangered species recovery plans. Ecological Applications 12 (2002) 663-667
8. Manson, C., 2003. Testimony before the subcommittee on Fisheries, Wildlife, and Water of the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. 108 Senate hearings. Endangered Species Act: critical habitat issues (10 April 2003).
9. Manson, C., 2004. Testimony before the House Resources Committee. 108 House Hearings. Regarding H.R. 2933, the critical habitat reform bill act of 2003 (28 April 2004).
10. New Mexico Cattle Growers Association v. US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004. CIV 02-0199 (US District Court).
11. NRC (National Research Council), 1995. Science and the Endangered Species Act. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
12. Patlis J.M. Paying tribute to Joseph Heller with the Endangered Species Act: when critical habitat isn't. Stanford Environmental Law Journal 20 (2001) 133-217
13. StatSoft, 2006. Statistica, version 7.1. Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
14. Suckling K., and Taylor M. Critical habitat and recovery. In: Goble D.D., Scott J.M., and Davis F.W. (Eds). The Endangered Species Act at 30: Renewing the Conservation Promise (2005), Island Press, Washington, D.C 75-89
15. Taylor M., Suckling K., and Rachlinski J. The effectiveness of the Endangered Species Act: a quantitative analysis. BioScience 55 (2005) 360-368
16. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 1975. Endangered and threatened species: notice on critical habitat areas. Federal Register 40: 17764-17765.
17. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 1976. Determination of Critical Habitat for American Crocodile, California Condor, Indiana Bat, and Florida Manatee. Federal Register 41: 41914-41916.
18. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 1984. Listing endangered and threatened species and designating critical habitat. Federal Register 49:38908-38912.
19. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 1999. Notice of intent to clarify the role of habitat in endangered species conservation. Federal Register 64:31871-31874.
20. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 2001. Joint regulations (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior and National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce); Endangered species committee regulations, listing endangered and threatened species and designating critical habitat. 50 Code of Federal Regulations 424.12: 405-406.
21. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 2003. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for Seven Bexar County, TX, Invertebrate Species; Final Rule. Federal Register 68: 17155-17231.
22. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 2004. Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; designation of critical habitat for the California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) in Santa Barbara County, final rule. Federal Register 69: 68568-68609.
23. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 2005. Final Determination Concerning Critical Habitat for the San Miguel Island Fox, Santa Rosa Island Fox, Santa Cruz Island Fox, and Santa Catalina Island Fox. Federal Register 70: 67924-67929.
24. USFWS (US Fish and Wildlife Service), 2006. Threatened and endangered species system (TESS): species with critical habitat. .
25. Wilcove D.S., Rothstein D., Dubow J., Phillips A., and Losos E. Quantifying threats to imperiled species in the United States. BioScience 48 (1998) 607-615