An annual study of inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus and silicic acid in the southeastern Beaufort Sea

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 113, Issue 7, 2008, Pages

  Simpson, Kyle G ^a   Tremblay, Jean Éric ^a,b   Gratton, Yves ^c   Price, Neil M ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL   (Canada)

^c CENTRE EAU TERRE ENVIRONNEMENT   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NITRATES; NITROGEN; NUTRIENTS; OCEANOGRAPHY; PHYTOPLANKTON; RIVERS;

INORGANIC NITROGEN; NUTRIENT DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT; ORGANIC NITROGEN; PHOSPHORUS; REMINERALIZATION; SILICIC ACID;

AMUNDSEN GULF; ARCTIC OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA; MACKENZIE SHELF;

EID: 51849165652     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JC004462     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Aagard, K., and E. C. Carmack (1994), The Arctic Ocean and climate: A perspective, in The Polar Oceans and Their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 85, edited by O. M. Johannessen, R. D. Muench, and J. E. Overland, pp. 4-20, AGU, Washington, D. C.
2. Anderson, L. A., and J. L. Sarmiento (1994), Redfield ratios of remineralization determined by nutrient data analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 8, 65-80, doi:10.1029/93GB03318.
3. Antia, N. J., P. J. Harrison, and L. Oliveira (1991), The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology, Phycologia, 30, 1-89.
4. Arnell, N. W. (2005), Implications of climate change for freshwater inflows to the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07105, doi:10.1029/2004JD005348.
5. Arrigo, K. R., and G. L. van Dijken (2004), Annual cycles of sea ice and phytoplankton in Cape Bathurst Polynya, southeastern Beaufort Sea, Canadian Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08304, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018978.
6. Barber, D. G., and J. M. Hanesiak (2004), Meteorological forcing of sea ice concentrations in the southern Beaufort Sea over the period 1979 to 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C06014, doi:10.1029/2003JC002027.
7. 18O, Prog. Oceanogr., 35, 53-80, doi:10.1016/0079-6611(95)00005-2.
8. Berg, G. M., and N. O. G. Jørgensen (2006), Purine and pyrimidine metabolism by estuarine bacteria, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 42, 215-226, doi:10.3354/ame042215.
9. Berman, T., and D. A. Bronk (2003), Dissolved organic nitrogen: a dynamic participant in aquatic ecosystems, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 31, 279-305, doi:10.3354/ame031279.
10. Berman, T., C. Bechemin, and S. Y. Maestrini (1999), Release of ammonium and urea from dissolved organic nitrogen in aquatic ecosystems, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 16, 295-302, doi:10.3354/ame016295.
11. Bidigare, R. R. (1983), Nitrogen excretion by marine zooplankton, in Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, edited by E. J. Carpenter and D. G. Capone, pp. 385-409, Acad. Press, New York.
12. Booth, B. C., and R. A. Horner (1997), Microalgae on the Arctic Ocean Section, 1994: Species abundance and biomass, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 1607-1622, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00057-X.
13. Boulahdid, M., and J. F. Minster (1989), Oxygen consumption and nutrient regeneration ratios along isopycnal horizons in the Pacific Ocean, Mar. Chem., 26, 133-153, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(89)90057-1.
14. Broecker, W. S. (1974), "NO", a conservative water-mass tracer, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 23, 100-107, doi:10.1016/ 0012-821X(74)90036-3.
15. 15N differs among marine systems, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 189-195.
16. Brunk, D. A., P. M. Glibert, and B. B. Ward (1994), Nitrogen uptake, dissolved organic nitrogen release, and new production, Science, 265, 1843-1846, doi:10.1126/science.265.5180.1843.
17. Bronk, D. A., P. M. Glibert, T. C. Malone, S. Banahan, and E. Sahlsten (1998), Inorganic and organic nitrogen cycling in Chesapeake Bay: Autotrophic versus heterotrophic processes and relationships to carbon flux, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 15, 177-189, doi:10.3354/ame015177.
18. Brzezinski, M. A. (1985), The Si:C:N ratio of marine diatoms: Interspecific variability and the effect of some environmental variables, J. Phycol., 21, 347-357.
19. Butler, E. I., S. Knox, and M. I. Liddicoat (1979), The relationship between inorganic and organic nutrients in sea water, J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U. K., 59, 239-250.
20. Carmack, E. C., and E. A. Kulikov (1998), Wind-forced upwelling and internal Kelvin wave generation in Mackenzie Canyon, Beaufort Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 18,447-18,458, doi:10.1029/98JC00113.
21. Carmack, E. C., R. W. Macdonald, and J. E. Papadakis (1989), Water mass structure and boundaries in the Mackenzie Shelf estuary, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,043-18,055, doi:10.1029/JC094iC12p18043.
22. Cauwet, G., and I. Sidorov (1996), The biogeochemistry of the Lena River: Organic carbon and nutrients distribution, Mar. Chem., 53, 211-227, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(95)00090-9.
23. Codispoti, L. A., G. E. Friederich, C. M. Sakamoto, and L. I. Gordon (1991), Nutrient cycling and primary production in the marine systems of the Arctic and Antarctic, J. Mar. Syst., 2, 359-384, doi:10.1016/ 0924-7963(91)90042-S.
24. Codispoti, L. A., C. Flagg, V. Kelly, and J. H. Swift (2005), Hydrographic conditions during the 2002 SBI process experiments, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 52, 3199-3226, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.007.
25. Conover, R. J., and K. R. Gustavson (1999), Sources of urea in Arctic seas: Zooplankton metabolism, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 179, 41-54, doi:10.3354/meps179041.
26. Conover, R. J., N. Mumm, P. Bruecker, and S. MacKenzie (1999), Sources of urea in arctic seas: Seasonal fast ice?, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, 179, 55-69, doi:10.3354/mepsl79055.
27. Cooper, L. W., T. E. Whitledge, J. M. Grebmeier, and T. J. Weingartner (1997), The nutrient, salinity and stable oxygen isotope composition of Bering and Chukchi seas waters in and near the Bering Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 12,563-12,573, doi:10.1029/97JC00015.
28. Daly, K., D. W. R. Wallace, W. Smith Jr., A. Skoog, R. J. Lara, M. Gosselin, E. Falck, and P. L. Yager (1999), Non-Redfield carbon and nitrogen cycling in the Arctic: Effects of ecosystem structure and dynamics, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3185-3199, doi:10.1029/ 1998JC900071.
29. Dickson, R. R., T. J. Osbom, J. W. Hurrell, J. Meincke, J. Blindheim, B. Adlandsvik, T. Vinje, G. Alekseev, and W. Maslowski (2000), The Arctic Ocean response to the north Atlantic Oscillation, J Clim., 13, 2671-2696, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2671:TAORTT> 2.0.CO;2.
30. Emmerton, C. A. (2006), Downstream nutrient changes through the Mackenzie River Delta and estuary, westem Canadian Arctic, M. Sci. thesis. 181 pp., Simon Fraser Univ., B. C., Canada.
31. Garneau, M.-E., W. F. Vincent, L. Alonso-Saez, Y. Gratton, and C. Lovejoy (2006), Prokaryotic community structure and heterotrophic production in a river-influenced coastal Arctic ecosystem, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 42, 27-40, doi:10.3354/ame042027.
32. Goeyens, L., N. Kindermans, M. Abu Yusuf, and M. Elskens (1998), A room temperature procedure for the manual determination of urea in seawater, Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 47, 415-418, doi:10.1006/ ecss.1998.0357.
33. Gordeev, V. V., J. M. Martin, I. S. Sidorov, and M. V. Sidorova (1996), A reassessment of the Eurasian river input of water, sediment, major elements and nutrients to the Arctic Ocean, Am. J. Sci., 296, 664-691.
34. Grasshoff, K. (1999), Methods of Seawater Analysis, 3rd ed., pp. 159-228, Wiley-VCH, Weinheirh, New York.
35. Gruber, N., and J. L. Sarmiento (1997), Global patterns of marine nitrogen fixation and denitrification, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 11, 235-266, doi:10.1029/97GB00077.
36. Hansell, D. A., and C. A. Carlson (2001), Biogeochemistry of total organic carbon and nitrogen in the Sargasso Sea: Control by convective overturn, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 48, 1649-1667, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(00) 00153-3.
37. Hansell, D. A., P. M. Williams, and B. B. Ward (1993), Measurements of DOC and DON in the southern California Bight using oxidation by high-temperature combustion, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 219-234, doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90001-J.
38. Harrison, W. G., E. J. Read, R. J. Conover, A. R. Longhurst, and D. D. Sameoto (1985), The distribution and metabolism of urea in the eastern Canadian Arctic, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 32, 23-42, doi:10.1016/0198-0149 (85)90015-9.
39. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2001), Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis. Contributions of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), edited by J. T. Houghton et al., 944 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, UK.
40. Jones, E. P., and L. G. Anderson (1986), On the origin of the chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean halocline, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10,759-10, 767, doi:l0.1029/JC091iC09p10759.
41. Jones, E. P., L. G. Anderson, and J. H. Swift (1998), Distribution of Atlantic and Pacific waters in the upper Arctic ocean: Implications for circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 765-768, doi:10.1029/ 98GL00464.
42. Karl, D. M., and K. M. Björkman (2002), Dynamics of DOP, in Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, edited by D. A. Hansell and C. A. Carlson, pp. 249-366, Acad. Press, New York.
43. Lehmann, M. F., D. M. Sigman, D. C. McCorkle, B. G. Brunelle, S. Hoffmann, M. Kienast, G. Cane, and J. Clement (2005), Origin of the deep Bering Sea nitrate deficit: Constraints from the nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of water column nitrate and benthic nitrate fluxes, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, G134005, doi:10.1029/2005GB002508.
44. Li, Y.-H., and T.-H. Peng (2002), Latitudinal change of remineralization ratios in the oceans and its implications for nutrient cycles, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1130, doi:10.1029/2001GB001828.
45. Libby, P. S., and P. A. Wheeler (1997), Particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 345-361, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(96)00089-1.
46. Lovejoy, C., L. Legendre, and N. M. Price (2002), Prolonged diatom blooms and microbial food web dynamics: Experimental results from an Arctic polynya, Aquat. Microbial Ecol., 29, 267-278, doi:10.3354/ ame029267.
47. Macdonald, R. W., M. E. McFarland, S. J. De Mora, D. M. Macdonald, and W. K. Johnson (1978), Oceanographic Data Report, Amundsen Gulf, Pac. Mar. Sci. Rep. 78-10, Inst. of Ocean Sci., Sidney, Canada.
48. Macdonald, R. W., C. S. Wong, and P. E. Erickson (1987), The distribution of nutrients in the southeastern Beaufort Sea: Implications for water circulation and primary production, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 2939-2952, doi:10.1029/JC092iC03p02939.
49. Macdonald, R. W., E. C. Carmack, F. A. McLaughlin, K. Iseki, D. M. Macdonald, and M. C. O'Brien (1989), Composition and modification of water masses in the Mackenzie Shelf Estuary, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 18,057-18,070, doi:l0.1029/JC094iC12p18057.
50. Maita, Y., and M. Yanada (1990), Vertical distribution of total dissolved nitrogen and dissolved organic nitrogen in seawater, Geochem. J., 24, 245-254.
51. McLaughlin, F. A., E. C. Carmack, R. W. Macdonald, and J. K. Bishop (1996), Physical and geochemical properties across the Atlantic/Pacific water mass front in the southern Canadian Basin, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 1183-1197, doi:10.1029/95JC02634.
52. McLaughlin, F. A., E. C. Carmack, and R. W. Macdonald (2002), The Canada Basin, 1989-1995: Upstream events and far-field effects of the Barents Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C7),3082, doi:10.1029/2001JC000904.
53. McLaughlin, F. A., E. C. Carmack, R. W. Macdonald, H. Melling, J. H. Swift, P. A. Wheeler, B. F. Sherr, and E. B. Sherr (2004), The joint roles of Pacific and Atlantic-origin waters in the Canada Basin, 1997-1998, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 51, 107-128, doi:10.1016/ j.dsr.2003.09.010.
54. Michel, C., M. Gosselin, and C. Nozais (2002), Preferential sinking export of biogenic silica during the spring and summer in the North Water Polynya (northern Baffin Bay): Temperature or biological control?, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C7), 3064, doi:10.1029/2000JC000408.
55. Mitamura, O., and Y. Saijo (1980), Urea supply from decomposition and excretion of zooplankton, J. Oceanogr Soc. Jpn., 36, 121 -125, doi:10.1007/BF02312097.
56. Moore, R. M., H. Melling, and K. R. Thompson (1992), A description of water types on the Mackenzie Shelf of the Beaufort Sea during winter, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12,607-12,618, doi:10.1029/92JC00842.
57. Parsons, T. R., D. G. Webb, H. Dovey, R. Haigh, M. Lawrence, and G. E. Hopky (1988), Production studies in the Mackenzie River-Beaufort Sea estuary, Polar Biol., 8, 235-239, doi:10,1007/BF00443455.
58. Parsons, T. R., D. G. Webb, B. E. Rokeby, M. Lawrence, G. E. Hopky, and D. B. Chiperzak (1989), Autotrophic and heterotrophic production in the Mackenzie River/Beaufort Sea Estuary, Polar Biol., 9, 261-266, doi:10.1007/BF00263774.
59. Peers, G., S.-A. Quesnel, and N. M. Price (2005), Copper requirements for iron acquisition and, growth of coastal and oceanic diatoms, Limnol. Oceanogr, 50, 1149-1158.
60. Redfield, A. C., B. H. Ketchum, and F. A. Richards (1963), The influence of organisms on the composition of sea-water, in The Sea, vol. 2, edited by M. N. Hill, pp. 26-77, Intersci., New York.
61. Serreze, M. C., J. A. Maslanik, T. A. Scambos, F. Fetterer, J. Stroeve, K. Knowles, C. Fowler, S. Drobot, R. G. Barry, and T. M. Haran (2003), A record minimum Arctic sea ice extent and area in 2002, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1110, doi:10.1029/2002GL016406.
62. Shaffer, G., J. Bendtsen, and O. Ulloa (1999), Fractionation during remineralization of organic matter in the ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part 1, 46, 185-204, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00061-2.
63. Shiklomanov, A. I., R. B. Lammers, B. J. Peterson, and C. J. Wrörösmarty (2000), The dynamics of river water inflow to the Arctic Ocean, in The Freshwater Budget of the Arctic Ocean: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop, edited by E. L. Lewis et al., pp. 281-296, Kluwer, Dortrecht.
64. Smith, R. E. H., M. Gosselin, G. Kattner, L. Legendre, and S. Pesant (1997), Biosynthesis of macromolecular and lipid classes by phytoplankton in the Northeast Water Polynya, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 147, 231-242, doi:10.3354/meps147231.
65. Soden, B. J., and I. M. Held (2006), An assessment of climate feedbacks in coupled ocean-atmosphere models, J. Clim., 19, 3354-3360, doi:10.1175/JCLI3799.1.
66. Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf (1995), Biometry, the Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, 3rd ed., 887 pp., W. H. Freeman, New York.
67. Tremblay, J.-É., Y. Gratton, E. C. Carmack, C. D. Payne, and N. M. Price (2002), Impact of the large-scale Arctic circulation and the North Water Polynya on nutrient inventories in Baffin Bay, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C8), 3112, doi:10.1029/2000JC000595.
68. Tremblay, J.-É., C. Michel, K. A. Hobson, M. Gosselin, and N. M. Price (2006), Bloom dynamics in early opening waters of the Arctic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 900-912.
69. Tremblay, J.-É., K. G. Simpson, J. Martin, L. Miller, Y. Gratton, D. G. Barber, and N. M. Price (2008), Vertical stability and the annual dynamics of nutrients and chlorophyll fluorescence in the coastal, southeast Beaufort Sea, J. Geophys. Res., doi:10.1029/ 2007JC004547, in press.
70. Valderrama, J. C. (1981), The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters, Mar. Chem., 10, 109-122, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(81)90027-X.
71. Wang, D., S. M. Henrichs, and L. Guo (2006.), Distributions of nutrients, dissolved organic carbon and carbohydrates in the western Arctic Ocean, Cont. Shelf Res., 26, 1654-1667, doi:10.1016/ j.csr.2006.05.001.
72. Wheeler, P. A., J. M. Watkins, and R. L. Hansing (1997), Nutrients, organic carbon, and organic nitrogen in the upper water column of the Arctic Ocean: implication for the sources of dissolved organic carbon, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 44, 1571-1592, doi:10.1016/ S0967-0645(97)00051-9.
73. Wu, B., J. Wang, and R. Zhang (2004), Effects of intraseasonal variations of the Arctic Oscillation on the Barents Sea, Polar Meteorol. Glaciol., 18, 82-95.
74. Yin, K., P.-Y. Qian, M. Wu, J. C. Chen, L. Huang, X. Song, and W. Jian (2001), Shift from P to N limitation of phytoplankton growth across the Pearl River estuarine plume during summer, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, 221, 17-28, doi:10.3354/meps221017.