Agriculture-related trends in groundwater quality of the glacial deposits aquifer, central Wisconsin

Journal of Environmental Quality

Volumn 37, Issue SUPPL. 5, 2008, Pages

  Saad, David A ^a  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISSOLUTION; GROUNDWATER; HERBICIDES; HYDROGEOLOGY; NITRATES; UNDERGROUND RESERVOIRS; WATER LEVELS; WATER QUALITY;

ATRAZINE; DEETHYLATRAZINE; GLACIAL DEPOSITS; GROUND WATER AGES; GROUND WATER QUALITY; HISTORICAL PATTERNS; KEY COMPONENTS; MANAGEMENT PRACTICES; TEMPORAL DATA; WISCONSIN;

GROUNDWATER RESOURCES;

ATRAZINE; CHLOROFLUOROCARBON; DEETHYLATRAZINE; DISSOLVED OXYGEN; FERTILIZER; GROUND WATER; NITRATE; OXYGEN;

AGE DETERMINATION; AGRICULTURE; ALFALFA; AQUIFER; CONFERENCE PAPER; CORN; GLACIER; LAND USE; NONHUMAN; OAT; PRECIPITATION; QUALITY CONTROL; SOIL MANAGEMENT; UNITED STATES; WATER QUALITY; WATER SAMPLING;

AGRICULTURE; ATRAZINE; FRESH WATER; GEOGRAPHY; NITRATES; RESEARCH DESIGN; TIME FACTORS; WATER POLLUTANTS; WATER SUPPLY; WISCONSIN;

EID: 51849143794     PISSN: 00472425     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0053     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (84)

1. Alexander, R.B., and R.A. Smith. 1990. County-level estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer use in the United States, 1945 to 1985. Open-File Rep. 90-130. USGS, Reston, VA. Available at http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/ofr90130/ (verified 11 June 2007).
2. Battaglin, W.A., and D.A. Goolsby. 1995. Spatial data in geographic information system format on agricultural chemical use: Land use and cropping practices in the United States. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 95-4176. USGS, Reston, VA. Available at http://water.usgs.gov/pubs/wri/wri944176/ (verified 11 June 2007).
3. Bexfield, L. 2008. Near-decadal trends of pesticide detection frequency and concentrations in groundwater of the United States, 1993-2003. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S-226-S-239.
4. Böhlke, J.K. 2002. Groundwater recharge and agricultural contamination. Hydrogeol. J. 10:153-179.
5. Böhlke, J.K., and J.M. Denver. 1995. Combined use of groundwater dating, chemical, and isotopic analyses to resolve the history and fate of nitrate contamination in two agricultural watersheds, Atlantic coastal plain, Maryland. Water Resour. Res. 31:2319-2339.
6. Bradbury, K.R. 1991. Tritium as an indicator of groundwater age in central Wisconsin. Groundwater 29:398-404.
7. Browne, B.A., and N.M. Guldan. 2005. Understanding long-term baseflow water quality trends using a synoptic survey of the groundwater-surface water interface, central Wisconsin. J. Environ. Qual. 34:825-835.
8. Bundy, L.G., L. Knobeloch, B. Webendorfer, G. Jackson, and B.H. Shaw. 1994a. Nitrate in Wisconsin groundwater: Sources and concerns. Publ. G3054. Univ. of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
9. 2) as hydrologic tracers and age-dating tools: The alluvium and terrace system of Central Oklahoma. Water Resour. Res. 28:2257-2283.
10. Busenberg, E., and L.N. Plummer. 2000. Dating young groundwater with sulfur hexafluoride: Natural and anthropogenic sources of sulfur hexafluoride. Water Resour. Res. 26:3011-3030.
11. 2), and distribution of chlorofluorocarbons in the unsaturated zone, Snake River Plain aquifer, Idaho National Engineering laboratory, Idaho. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 93-4054. USGS, Reston, VA.
12. Chern, L., G. Kraft, and J. Postle. 1999. Nitrate in groundwater: A continuing issue for Wisconsin citizens. Nutrient Management Subcommittee of the Nonpoint Source Pollution Abatement Program Report March 1999. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resour., Madison, WI.
13. Cleveland, W.S., and E. Grosse. 1991. Computational methods for local fitting. Stat. Comput. 1:47-62.
14. Feinstein, D.T., C.A. Buchwald, C.P. Dunning, and R.J. Hunt. 2006. Development and application of a screening model for simulating regional groundwater flow in the St. Croix River Basin, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Scientific Investigations Rep. 2005-5283. USGS, Madison, WI.
15. Fishman, M.J., and L.C. Friedman (ed.) 1989. Methods for determination of inorganic substances in water and fluvial sediments. USGS Techniques of Water-Resour. Investigations. Book 5, Chapter A1. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
16. Freeze, R.A., and J.A. Cherry. 1979. Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
17. Gilliom, R.J., W.M. Alley, and M.E. Gurtz. 1995. Design of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: Occurrence and distribution of water-quality conditions. USGS Circ. 1112. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
18. Haitjema, H.M. 1995. Analytic element modeling of groundwater flow. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA.
19. Helsel, D.R., and R.M. Hirsch. 2002. Statistical methods in water resources. USGS Techniques of Water-Resour. Investigations, Book 4, Chapter A3. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
20. Hirsch, R.M., W.M. Alley, and W.G. Wilber. 1988. Concepts for a National Water-Quality Assessment program. USGS Circ. 1021. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
21. Holt, C.L.R., Jr. 1965. Geology and water resources of Portage County, Wisconsin. USGS Water-Supply Paper 1796. U.S. Gov. Print. Office, Washington, DC.
22. Hunt, R.J., D.A. Saad, and D.M. Chapel. 2003. Numerical simulation of groundwater flow in LaCrosse County, Wisconsin, and into nearby pools of the Mississippi River. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 03-4154. USGS, Reston, VA.
23. Insightful Corporation. 2001. S-Plus 6 for Windows User's Guide. Insightful Corporation, Seattle, WA.
24. Jackson, G., D. Keeney, D. Curwen, and B. Webendorfer. 1987. Agricultural management practices to minimize groundwater contamination. Environmental Resources Center Report July 1987. Univ. of Wisconsin-Extension, Madison, WI.
25. Korom, S.F. 1992. Natural denitrification in the saturated zone: A review. Water Resour. Res. 28:1657-1668.
26. Koterba, M.T., F.D. Wilde, and W.W. Lapham. 1995. Groundwater data-collection protocols and procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program; collection and documentation of water-quality samples and related data. Open-File Rep. 95-399. USGS, Reston, VA.
27. Lapham, W.W., P.A. Hamilton, and D.N. Myers. 2005. National Water-Quality Assessment Program - Cycle II, Regional assessments of aquifers. Fact Sheet 2005-3013. USGS, Reston, VA.
28. Lapham, W.W., F.D. Wilde, and M.T. Koterba. 1995. Groundwarer data-collection protocols and procedures for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program; selection, installation, and documentation of wells, and collection of related data. Open-File Rep. 95-398. USGS, Reston, VA.
29. Lee, E.A., A.P. Strahan, and E.M. Thurman. 2002. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey Organic Geochemistry Research Group: Determination of triazine and phenylurea herbicides and their degradation products in water using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Open-File Rep. 02-436. USGS, Lawrence, KS.
30. LeMasters, G., and J. Baldock. 1997. A survey of atrazine in Wisconsin groundwater, final report. ARM Pub 26a. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
31. LeMasters, G., and D.J. Doyle. 1989. Grade A dairy farm well water quality survey. Rep.-April 1989. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection and Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service, Madison, WI.
32. Martin, J.D. 2002. Variability of pesticide detections and concentrations in field replicate water samples collected for the National Water-Quality Assessment Program, 1992-97. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 2001-4178. USGS, Indianapolis, IN.
33. Marzen, A.M., and D.A. Saad. 1996. Pesticides in groundwater in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan, 1993-95. Fact Sheet FS-192-96. USGS, Madison, WI.
34. Mueller, D.K., and C.J. Titus. 2005. Quality of nutrient data from streams and groundwater sampled during water years 1992-2001. Scientific Investigations Rep. 2005-5106. USGS, Reston, VA.
35. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2006a. Quick Stats-Agricultural statistics database [Online]. Available at http://www.nass.uscla.gov/index.asp (verified 11 June 2007).
36. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2006b. USDA-NASS Agricultural Statistics 1999, Chapter XIV, Statistics of fertilizers and pesticides [Online]. Available at http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agr99/99_ch14.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
37. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2006c. USDA-NASS Agricultural Statistics 2002, Chapter XIV, Statistics of fertilizers and pesticides [Online]. Available at http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agr02/02_ch14.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
38. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2006d. USDA-NASS Agricultural Statistics 2004, Chapter XIV, Statistics of fertilizers and pesticides [Online]. Available at http://www.usda.gov/nass/pubs/agr04/04_ch14.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
39. National Agricultural Statistics Service. 2006e. Agricultural chemical use database [Online]. Available at http://www.pestmanagement.info/nass/ app_usage.cfm (verified 11 June 2007).
40. National Climatic Data Center. 2006. Annual climatological summary [Online]. Available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov (verified 11 June 2007).
41. Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2007. USDA NRCS Soil Data Mart [Online]. Available at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/default.aspx (verified 11 June 2007).
42. Olcott, P.G. 1968. Water resources of Wisconsin Fox-Wolf River Basin. Hydrologic Investigations Atlas HA-321. USGS, Washington, DC.
43. Peters, J.B., and K.A. Kelling. 2002. Thirty-year trends of Wisconsin aglime use. Univ. of Wisconsin Soil Science Extension, 2002 Wisconsin Fertilizer, Aglime, and Pest Management Conf. Proc. [Online]. Available at http://www.soils.wisc.edu/extension/FAPM/2002proceedings/Peters-Conf-02.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
44. Plummer, L.N., M.G. Rupert, E. Busenberg, and P. Schlosser. 2000. Age of irrigation water in groundwater from the Eastern Snake River Plain aquifer, south-central Idaho. Groundwater 38:264-283.
45. Postle, J. 1996. Resampling wells that previously exceeded a pesticide enforcement standard. ARM Pub 27. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Prorection, Madison, WI.
46. Postle, J., G. LeMasters, L. Morrison, J. Vanden Brook, and J. Larson. 1997. Groundwater protection: An evaluation of Wisconsin's atrazine rule. ARM Pub 26B. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
47. Puckett, L.J., and T.K. Cowdery. 2002. Transport and fate of nitrate in a glacial outwash aquifer in relation to groundwater age, land use practices, and redox processes. J. Environ. Qual. 31:782-796.
48. Rheineck, B., and J. Postle. 2000. Chloroacetanilide herbicide metabolites in Wisconsin groundwater: Final report. ARM Pub 82. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
49. Ribaudo, M.O., and A. Bouzaher. 1994. Atrazine: Environmental characteristics and economics of management. Agriculture Economic Rep. 699. USDA, Washington, DC.
50. Richmond, G.M., and D.S. Fullerton. 1983. Quaternary geologic map of Lake Superior 4° x 6° Quadrangle, United States and Canada. Quaternary Geologic Atlas of the United States, Miscellaneous Investigations Series 1-1420 (NL16), 1:100,000. USGS, Denver, CO.
51. Robertson, D.M., and D.A. Saad. 1996. Water quality assessment of the Western Lake Michigan Drainages: Analysis of available information on nutrients and suspended sediments, water years 1971-90. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 96-4012. USGS, Madison, WI.
52. Rosen, M.R., and W.W. Lapham. 2008. Introduction to the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) of ground water trends and comparison to other national programs. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S-190-S-198.
53. Rosen, M.R., F.D. Voss, and J.A. Arufe. 2008. Evaluation of intra-annual variation in U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Assessment ground water quality data. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S-199-S-208.
54. Rothschild, E.R., R.J. Manser, and M.P. Anderson. 1982. Investigation of aldicarb in groundwater in selected areas of the central sand plain of Wisconsin. Groundwater 20:437-445.
55. Ruddy, B.C., D.L. Lorenz, and D.K. Mueller. 2006. County-level estimates of nutrient inputs to the land surface of the conterminous United States, 1982-2001. Scientific Investigations Rep. 2006-5012. USGS, Reston, VA.
56. Rupert, M.G. 2008. Decadal-scale changes of nitrate in groundwater of the United States, 1988-2004. J. Environ. Qual. 37:S-240-S-248.
57. Saad, D.A. 1997. Effects of land use and geohydrology on the quality of shallow groundwater in two agricultural areas in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 96-4292. USGS, Madison, WI.
58. Sandstrom, M.W., M.E. Stroppel, W.T. Foreman, and M.P. Schroeder. 2001. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory; determination of moderate-use pesticides and selected degradates in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Water-Resour. Investigations Rep. 2001-4098. USGS, Denver, CO.
59. SAS Institute, Inc. 1999. SAS OnlineDoc (registered trademark), Version 8 [Online]. SAS Inst., Cary, NC. Available at http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml/ (verified 11 June 2007).
60. Shaw, B. 1994. Nitrogen contamination sources: A look at relative contributions. In Nitrate in Wisconsin's groundwater: Strategies and challenges. Stevens Point, WI, 10 May 1994. Central Wisconsin Groundwater Center (UWEX), Golden Sands RC&D, Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources and Wisconsin Dep. of Health and Social Services, Stevens Point, WI.
61. USEPA. 2006. Pesticides: Topical and chemical factsheets, atrazine background [Online]. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/ atrazine_background.htm (verified 11 June 2007).
62. USGS. 2006a. Organic Geochemistry Research Laboratory [Online]. Available at http://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/studies/reslab/lcms.html (verified 11 June 2006).
63. USGS. 2006b. The Reston Chlorofluorocarbon Laboratory [Online]. Available at http://water.usgs.gov/lab/ (verified 11 June 2007).
64. USGS. 1999. The quality of our nation's waters: Nutrients and pesticides. Circ. 1225 USGS, Reston, VA.
65. Vanden Brook, J., B. Rheineck, J. Postle, P. Allen, R. Zogbaum, J. Funk, D. Strohl, and J. Baldock. 2002. Agricultural chemicals in Wisconsin groundwater. ARM Publ. 98. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
66. Warzecha, C., R. Gerhardt, and S. Kluender. 1995. Wisconsin private well water quality survey. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Dep. of Health and Social Services and the State Laboratory of Hygiene, Madison, WI.
67. Werner, S.L., M.R. Burkhardt, and S.N. DeRusseau. 1996. Methods of analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of pesticides in water by carbopak-B solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography. Open-File Rep. 96-216. USGS, Denver, CO.
68. Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service. 1979. Pesticide use on Wisconsin field crops 1978. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
69. Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service. 1986. Wisconsin 1985: Pesticide use. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
70. Wisconsin Agricultural Statistics Service. 1991. Wisconsin 1991: Pesticide use. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
71. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection. 1991. A report on atrazine detections in Wisconsin groundwater and recommendations for regulatory actions. Wisconsin Dep. of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection, Madison, WI.
72. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection. 2004a. Wisconsin Administrative Code, chapter ATCP 30, pesticide product restrictions [Online]. Available at http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/atcp/ atcp030.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
73. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection. 2004b. Wisconsin Administrative Code, chapter ATCP 31, groundwater protection [Online]. Available at http://www.legis.state.wi.us/rsb/code/atcp/atcp031.pdf (verified 11 June 2007).
74. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 1986. Groundwater monitoring report: Noncommunity well nitrate resampling. PUBL-WR-136. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
75. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 1987. Groundwater quality in Wisconsin. PUBL-WR-156. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
76. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 1990. Wisconsin water quality assessment report to Congress, 1990. PUBL WR-254 90. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
77. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 1994. Wisconsin water quality assessment report to Congress, 1994. PUBL-WR-254-94-REV. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
78. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2000. Wisconsin water quality report to Congress, 2000. PUB-WT-254-2000. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
79. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2002. Wisconsin water quality report to Congress, 2002. PUB-WT-254-2003. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
80. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2004. Wisconsin water quality report to Congress, 2004. PUB-WT-798-2004. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI. Available at http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/water/wm/watersummary/ 305b_2004/ (verified 11 June 2007).
81. Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council. 1992. Groundwater Coordinating Council report to the legislature, August 1992. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
82. Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council. 1994. Groundwater Coordinating Council report to the legislature, August 1994. Wisconsin Dep. of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.
83. Wollenhaupt, N.C., R.E. Springman, and R.E. Doersch. 1990. Atrazine in groundwater: A current perspective. Univ. of Wisconsin-Extension Publ. G3525. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
84. Zaugg, S.D., M.W. Sandstrom, S.G. Smith, and K.M. Fehlberg. 1995. Methods of analysis by the National Water Quality Laboratory: Determination of pesticides in water by C-18 solid-phase extraction and capillary column gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected-ion monitoring. Open-File Rep. 95-181. USGS, Denver, CO.