Suicides not in contact with mental health services: Risk indicators and determinants of referral

Journal of Mental Health

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 398-409

  Hamdi, E ^a   Price, S ^a   Qassem, T ^a   Amin, Y ^b   Jones, D ^b  

^a KENT AND MEDWAY NHS AND SOCIAL CARE PARTNERSHIP TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b MAIDSTONE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Mental health services; Primary care; Service utilization; Suicide

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL DISEASE; MENTAL HEALTH SERVICE; PATIENT REFERRAL; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PSYCHIATRIST; QUESTIONNAIRE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SOCIAL CARE; SUICIDE;

EID: 51849092631     PISSN: 09638237     EISSN: 13600567     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09638230701506234     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Altman, D. G. (1997). Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman and Hall/CRC.
2. Appleby, L. (1999). The National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Disorder: Suicide Questionnaire. Manchester: PO Box 86, Manchester M20 2EF.
3. Appleby, L., Shaw, J., Amos, T., McDonnell, R., Harris, C., McCann, K., Kiernan, K., Davies, S., Bickley, H., & Parsons, R. (1999). Suicide within 12 months of contact with mental health services: National clinical survey. British Medical Journal, 318, 1235-1239.
4. Barnes, L. S., Ikeda, R. M., & Kresnow, M. J. (2001). Help-seeking behaviour prior to nearly lethal suicide attempts. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour, 32, 68-75.
5. Bell, D. (1999). Ethical issues in the prevention of suicide in prison. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 33, 723-728.
6. Cheng, A. T., Chen, T. H., Chen, C. C., & Jenkins, R. (2000). Psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors for suicide. Case-control psychological autopsy study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177, 360-365.
7. Department of Health (1999). Safer Services: Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. London: Department of Health.
8. Department of Health (2001). Safety First. Five-Year Report of the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness. London: Department of Health.
9. Eisele, J. W., Frisino, J., Haglund, W., & Reay, D. T. (1987). Teenage suicides in King County, Washington, II: comparison with adult suicides. American Journal of Forensic & Medical Psychology, 8, 210-216.
10. Ernst, C., Lalovic, A., Lesage, A., Seguin, M. T., & Turecki, G. (2004). Suicide and no axis I psychopathology. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 7.
11. Fombonne, E. (1998). Suicidal behaviours in vulnerable adolescents. Time trends and their correlates. British Journal of Psychiatry, 173, 154-159.
12. Gallo, J. J., Marino, S., Ford, D., & Anthony, J. C. (1995). Filters on the pathway to mental health care, II Sociodemographic factors. Psychological Medicine, 25, 1149-1160.
13. Garson, G. D. (2001). Chi-square Significance Tests in Guide to writing empirical papers, theses and dissertations. [Online] New York: Marcel Dekker. Accessed 23 December 2004 from: http://www2.chass.ncsu.ed/garson/ pa765/chisq.htm
14. Goldberg, D., & Huxley, P. (1980). Mental illness in the community. London: Tavistock.
15. Gunnell, D., Rasul, F., Stansfeld, S. A., Hart, C. L., & Davey Smith, G. (2002). Gender differences in self-reported minor mental disorder and its association with suicide. A 20-year follow-up of the Renfrew and Paisley cohort. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 37, 457-459.
16. Hagnell, O., & Rorsman, B. (1979). Suicide in the Lundby study: A comparative investigation of clinical aspects. Neuropsychobiology, 5, 61-73.
17. Heikkinen, M., Aro, H., & Lonnqvist, J. (1994). Recent life events, social support and suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Supplementum, 377, 65-72.
18. Ho, T. P. (2003). Psychiatric care of suicides in Hong Kong. Journal of Affective Disorders, 76, 137-142.
19. Isometsa, E. T. (2000). Suicide. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 13, 143-147.
20. Kennedy, H. (2001). Do males need special services? Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 7, 93-101.
21. Lecrubier, Y. (1998). Is depression under-recognised and under-treated? International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 3-6.
22. Luoma, J. B., Martin, C. E., & Pearson, J. L. (2002). Contact with mental health and primary care providers before suicide: A review of the evidence. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 909-916.
23. Marino, S., Gallo, J. J., Ford, D., & Anthony, J. C. (1995). Filters on the pathway to mental health care, I. Incident mental disorders. Psychological Medicine, 25, 1135-1148.
24. National Statistics Online (2005) Neighbourhood statistics. Accessed 1 February 2005 from: http://www.statistics.gov.uk
25. Oiesvold, T., Sandlund, M., Hansson, L., Christiansen, L., Gostas, G., Lindhardt, A., Saarento, O., Sytema, S., & Zandren, T. (1998). Factors associated with referral to psychiatric care by general practitioners compared with self-referrals. Psychological Medicine, 28, 427-436.
26. Owens, C., Booth, N., Briscoe, M., Lawrence, C., & Lloyd, K. (2003). Suicide outside the care of mental health services: A case-controlled psychological autopsy study. Crisis, 24, 113-121.
27. Perris, C., Beskow, J., & Jacobsson, L. (1980). Some remarks on the incidence of successful suicide in psychiatric care. Social Psychiatry, 15, 161-166.
28. Rich, C. L., Ricketts, J. E., Fowler, R. C., & Young, D. (1988). Some differences between men and women who commit suicide. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 718-722.
29. Sadock, B. J., & Sadock, V. A. (Eds.). (2003). Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry (9th ed., pp. 913-917). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins.
30. Sauro, J. (2004). Restoring confidence in usability results in Measuring Usability: Using six sigma and quantitative methods to measure usability. Accessed 28 January 2005 from: http://www.measuringusability.com/ index.html
31. Sundqvist-Stensman, U. B. (1987). Suicides among 523 persons in a Swedish county with and without contact with psychiatric care. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 76, 8-14.
32. Tsuang, M. T., Simpson, J. C., & Fleming, J. A. (1992). Epidemiology of suicide. International Review of Psychiatry, 4, 117-129.
33. Vaillant, G. E., & Blumenthal, S. J. (1990). Suicide over the life cycle: Risk factors and span-life development. In S. J. Blumenthal, & D. J. Kupfer (Eds), Suicide over the life cycle (pp. 1-17). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.