When has an abandoned field become a semi-natural grassland or heathland?

Environmental Management

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 707-716

  Ejrnæs, Rasmus ^a   Liira, Jaan ^b   Poulsen, Roar S ^c   Nygaard, Bettina ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TARTU   (Estonia)

^c Municipality of Aalborg   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Artificial neural networks; Habitat quality; Old field; Restoration; Secondary succession; Supervised classification

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS; DATA SETS; HABITAT QUALITY; HEATHLAND; HEATHLANDS; META-ANALYSIS; NATURAL GRASSLAND; NATURAL HABITATS; OLD-FIELD; RESTORATION PROJECTS; SECONDARY SUCCESSION; SEMI-NATURAL VEGETATION; SOIL FERTILITY; STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATION; STATISTICAL DISCRIMINATION; STATISTICAL MODELLING; SUPERVISED CLASSIFICATION; VASCULAR PLANTS;

OCEAN HABITATS; PROBABILITY; REPAIR; RESTORATION; RISK ASSESSMENT; STATISTICAL METHODS;

VEGETATION;

ABANDONED LAND; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; CLASSIFICATION; DATA SET; ENVIRONMENTAL RESTORATION; HEATHLAND; META-ANALYSIS; OLD FIELD; SECONDARY SUCCESSION;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; CALLUNA; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; COMMUNITY PROGRAM; COMMUNITY SUCCESSION; ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; GRASSLAND; HABITAT QUALITY; HABITAT STRUCTURE; HEATHLAND; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; STATISTICAL MODEL; VEGETATION;

AGRICULTURE; DENMARK; NEURAL NETWORKS (COMPUTER); POACEAE;

TRACHEOPHYTA;

EID: 51849085986     PISSN: 0364152X     EISSN: 14321009     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00267-008-9183-6     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. JE Anderson 1991 A conceptual framework for evaluating and quantifying naturalness Conservation Biology 5 347 352
2. C Andreasen H Stryhn JC Streibig 1996 Decline of the flora in Danish arable fields Journal of Applied Ecology 33 619 626
3. Anon (1991) CORINE biotopes manual, habitats of the European Community. EUR 12587/3, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, LX
4. Anon (1998) Bekæmpelsesmiddelstatistik 1997. Orientering fra Miljøstyrelsen nr. 6 1998. Miljø- og Energiministeriet, Miljøstyrelsen
5. JP Bakker F Berendse 1999 Constraints on the restoration of ecological diversity in grassland and heathland communities Trends in Ecology and Evolution 14 63 68
6. MT Barbour WF Swietlik SK Jackson DL Courtemanch SP Davies C Yoder 2000 Measuring the attainment of biological integrity in the USA: a critical element of ecological integrity Hydrobiologia 422/423 453 464
7. HH Bruun R Ejrnæs 2000 Classification of Dry Grassland Vegetation in Denmark Journal of Vegetation Science 11 585 596
8. HH Bruun B Fritzbøger 2002 The past impact of livestock husbandry on dispersal of plant seeds in the landscape of Denmark Ambio 31 425 431
9. SAO Cousins 2006 Plant species richness in midfield islets and road verges-The effect of landscape fragmentation Biological Conservation 127 500 509
10. Crofts A, Jefferson RG (eds) (1999) The lowland grassland management handbook, 2nd edn. English Nature/The Wildlife Trusts, Peterborough, England
11. Danish Nature Protection Legislation (1997) Lovbekendtgørelse nr. 835 af 1. nov. 1997 om naturbeskyttelse. København
12. MA Davis M Pelsor 2001 Experimental support for a resource-based mechanistic model of invasibility Ecology Letters 4 421 428
13. HJ Degn 2001 Succession from farmland to heathland: a case for conservation of nature and historic farming methods Biological Conservation 97 319 330
14. EC Habitats Directive (1992) Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. Brussels, Belgium
15. R Ejrnæs HH Bruun 1995 Prediction of grassland quality for environmental management Journal of Environmental Management 43 171 183
16. R Ejrnæs DN Hansen E Aude 2003 Changing course of secondary succession in abandoned sandy fields Biological Conservation 109 343 350
17. R Ejrnæs E Aude B Nygaard B Münier 2002 Prediction of habitat quality using ordination and neural networks Ecological Applications 12 1180 1187
18. R Ejrnæs HH Bruun BJ Graae 2006 Community assembly in experimental Grasslands: Suitable environment or timely arrival? Ecology 87 1225 1233
19. R Ejrnæs HH Bruun E Aude E Buchwald 2004 Developing a classifier for the Habitats Directive grassland types in Denmark using species lists for prediction Applied Vegetation Science 7 71 80
20. Ferdinandsen C (1918) Undersøgelser over danske ukrudsformationer paa mineraljorder. Gyldendal, Copenhagen, Denmark
21. CWD Gibson VK Brown 1991 The nature and rate of development of calcareous grassland in Southern Britain Biological Conservation 58 297 316
22. CWD Gibson VK Brown 1992 Grazing and vegetation change-deflected or modified succession Journal of Applied Ecology 29 120 131
23. M Hansson H Fogelfors 1998 Management of permanent set-aside on arable land in Sweden Journal of Applied Ecology 35 758 771
24. Hill MO (1979) DECORANA: a FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University. Ithaca, New York, USA
25. O Honnay B Degroot M Hermy 1998 Ancient-forest plant species in western Belgium: a species list and possible ecological mechanisms Belgian Journal of Botany 130 139 154
26. Kirby KJ, Reid CM, Isaac D, Thomas RC (1998) The ancient woodland inventory in England and its uses. In: Kirby KJ, Watkins C (eds) The ecological history of European forests. CAB International, New York, USA, pp 323-336
27. RD Lopez MS Fennessy 2002 Testing the floristic quality assessment index as an indicator of wetland condition Ecological Applications 12 487 497
28. Mathsoft (1999) S-Plus 2000 Professional release 2. 1988-1999 Mathsoft Inc. Cambridge, UK
29. McCune B, Mefford MJ (1999) PC-Ord for windows, 4.01. MjM Software, Oregon, USA
30. M Moog A Chovanecs 2000 Assessing the ecological integrity of rivers: walking the line among ecological, political and administrative interests Hydrobiologia 422 423 99 109
31. B Nordén T Appelquist 2001 Conceptual problems of ecological continuity and its bioindicators Biodiversity and Conservation 10 779 791
32. G Nordstedt P Bader L Ericsson 2001 Polypores as indicators of conservation value in Corsican pine forests Biological Conservation 99 347 354
33. Økland RH (1990) Vegetation ecology: theory, methods and applications with reference to Fennoscandia. Sommerfeltia Suppl. 1: 1-233
34. RF Pywell JM Bullock A Hopkins KJ Walker TH Sparks MJW Burke S Peel 2002 Restoration of species-rich grassland on arable land: assessing the limiting processes using a multisite experiment Journal of Applied Ecology 39 294 309
35. Ripley BD (1996) Pattern recognition and neural networks. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
36. J Rolstad I Gjerde VS Gundersen M Sætersdal 2002 Use of indicator species to assess forest continuity: a critique Conservation Biology 16 253 257
37. Rose F (1976) Lichenological indicators of age and environmenal continuity. In: Brown DH, Hawksworth DL, Bailey RH (eds) Woodlands. Lichenology: progress and problems. Academic Press, New York, pp 279-307
38. E Ruprecht 2006 Successfully Recovered Grassland: A Promising Example from Romanian Old-Fields Restoration Ecology 14 473 480
39. SAS Institute Inc (1990) SAS/Stat user's guide, 4th edn. SAS Institute, Inc, North Carolina, USA, pp 120-121
40. Stadler J, Trefflich A, Brandl R, Klotz S (2006) Spontaneous regeneration of dry grasslands on set-aside fields. Biodiversity and Conservation: online November 18
41. Tutin TG et al (1964-1993) Flora Europaea, vols 1-5 & vol 1, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
42. Venables WN, Ripley BD (1997) Modern applied statistics with S-Plus. Springer Verlag, New York, USA
43. TCE Wells J Sheail DF Ball LK Ward 1976 Ecological studies on the Porton Ranges Relationships between vegetation, soils and land-use history Journal of Ecology 64 589 626
44. Westhoff V (1983) Man's attitude towards vegetation. In: Holzner W, Werger MJA, Ikusima I (eds) Man's impact on vegetation. Geobotany 5. Dr. W Junk Publishers, The Hague, Holland, pp 7-21
45. Zar JH (1996) Biostatistical analysis, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall, London, UK
46. C Zurbrügg T Frank 2006 Factors influencing bug diversity (Insecta: Heteroptera) in semi-natural habitats Biodiversity and Conservation 15 275 294
47. Aude E, Hansen DN, Møller PF, Riis-Nielsen T (2002) Naturnær skovrejsning - et bæredygtigt alternativ? NERI Technical Report no. 389. National Environmental Research Institute, Roskilde, Denmark, pp 1-47
48. Bruun HH, Ejrnæs R (1993) Data from M.Sc.-thesis in biology. University of Copenhagen, Unpublished
49. DANVEG (2002) A database of published and unpublished accounts of terrestrial vegetation in Denmark. Accessible at: http://www.danveg.dk
50. Degn HJ Data from ongoing monitoring of succession at Ørre Hede, Western Jutland, Denmark, Unpublished
51. Ferdinandsen C (1918) Undersøgelser over danske ukrudsformationer paa mineraljorder. Gyldendal, Copenhagen, Denmark
52. Frandsen EL Data from ongoing Ph.D.-study. University of Roskilde, Denmark, Unpublished
53. Frederiksborg Amt (2001) Data from an inventory of abandoned fields in Jægerspris Skydeterræn. Frederiksborg Amt, Denmark, Unpublished
54. Gregersen S, de Muckadell US (2003) Data from M.Sc.-study, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Unpublished
55. Holst J (1987) En undersøgelse af vegetation og flora på opgivne tørre, sandede landbrugsarealer på Djursland. Teknikerrapport nr. 17, Skov- og Naturstyrelsen, Copenhagen, Denmark, pp 1-184
56. K Jessen 1968 Flora og vegetation på reservatet Vorsø i Horsens Fjord Botanisk Tidsskrift 63 1 201
57. Mogensen B (1994) Data from M.Sc.-thesis, Botanical Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Unpublished
58. K Wiinstedt 1938 Vegetationen paa Vorsø i Horsens Fjord Botanisk Tidsskrift 44 260 306