Craniocervical developmental anatomy and its implications

Child's Nervous System

Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2008, Pages 1109-1122

  Menezes, Arnold H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

Author keywords

Atlantoaxial instability; Atlas assimilation; Basilar invagination; Klippel Feil; Os odontoideum

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATLANTOAXIAL SUBLUXATION; BRAIN HERNIA; CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS; CHILD HEALTH CARE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRANIAL NEUROPATHY; CRANIOCERVICAL JUNCTION ABNORMALITY; DECOMPRESSION SURGERY; EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT; FORAMEN MAGNUM; HUMAN; HYPOPLASIA; KLIPPEL FEIL SYNDROME; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; ODONTOID PROCESS; ODONTOID PROCESS FRACTURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUADRIPLEGIA; SKULL DISEASE; SKULL INJURY; SPINE INJURY; SPINE MALFORMATION; TORTICOLLIS;

ATLANTO-AXIAL JOINT; ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL JOINT; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; HUMANS; JOINT INSTABILITY; ODONTOID PROCESS; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED; TORTICOLLIS;

EID: 51749098254     PISSN: 02567040     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-008-0600-1     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Asakawa H, Yanaka K, Narushima K, Meguro K, Nose T (1999) Anomaly of the axis causing cervical myelopathy. Case report. J Neurosurg 91:121-123
2. Bhatnagar M, Sponseller PD, Carroll C IV, Tolo VT (1991) Pediatric atlantoaxial instability presenting as cerebral and cerebellar infarcts. J Pediatr Orthop 11:103-107
3. Chisaka O, Capecchi MR (1991) Regionally restricted developmental defects resulting from targeted disruption of the mouse homeobox gene hox-1.5. Nature 350:473-479
4. Christ B, Wilting J (1992) From somites to vertebral column. Ann Anat 174:23-32
5. Condie BG, Capecchi MR (1993) Mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of Hoxd-3 (Hox-4.1) exhibit anterior transformations of the first and second cervical vertebrae, the atlas and the axis. Development 119:579-595
6. David KM, McLachlan JC, Aiton JF, Whiten SC, Smart SD, Thorogood PV, Crockard HA (1998) Cartilaginous development of the human craniovertebral junction as visualized by a new three-dimensional computer reconstruction technique. J Anat 192:269-277
7. Devi BI, Shenoy SN, Panigrahi MK, Chandramouli BA, Das BS, Jayakumar PN (1997) Anomaly of arch of atlas - a rare cause of symptomatic canal stenosis in children. Pediatr Neurosurg 26:214-218
8. Dietrich S, Kessel M (1997) The vertebral column. In: Thorogood P (ed) Embryos, genes and birth defects. Wiley, Chichester, pp 281-302
9. Fielding JW, Griffin PP (1974) Os odontoideum. An acquired lesion. J Bone Jt Surg Am 56(l):187-190
10. Ganguly DN, Roy KKS (1964) A study on the craniovertebral joint in man. Anat Anz Bd 114:433-452
11. Garg A, Gaikwad SB, Gupta V, Mishra NK, Kale SS, Singh J (2004) Bipartite atlas with os odontoideum. Spine 29(2):E35-E38
12. Gasser RF (1976) Early formation of the basicranium in man. In: Bosma JF (ed) Symposium on Development of the Basicranium. Department of Health Education and Science Publication (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, pp 29-43
13. Gehweiler J, Daffner R, Roberts LJ (1983) Malformations of the atlas vertebra simulating the Jefferson fracture. Am J Roentgenol 149:1083-1086
14. Gholve PA, Hosalka HS, Ricchetti ET, Pollock AN, Dormans JP, Drummond DS (2007) Occipitalization of the atlas in children. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:571-578
15. Gladstone J, Erickson-Powell W (1914-1915) Manifestation of occipital vertebra and fusion of atlas with occipital bone. J Anat Physiol 49:190-199
16. Gladstone RJ, Wakeley CPG (1924-1925) Variations of the occipito-atlantal joint in relation to the metameric structure of the craniovertebral region. J Anat 59:195-216
17. Kessel M, Gruss P (1991) Homeotic transformations of murine vertebrae and concomitant alteration of Hox codes induced by retinoic acid. Cell 67:89-104
18. Kessel M (1993) Reversal of axonal pathways from rhombomere 3 correlates with extra Hox expression domains. Neuron 10:379-393
19. Keynes RJ, Stern C (1988) Mechanisms of vertebrate segmentation. Development 103:413-429
20. Kimura Y, Matsunami H, Inoue T, Shimamura K, Uchida N, Ueno T, Miyazaki T, Takeichi M (1995) Cadherin-11 expressed in association with mesenchymal morphogenesis in the head, somite and limb bud of early mouse embryos. Dev Biol 169:347-358
21. Komatsu Y, Shibata T, Yasuda S, Ono Y, Nose T (1993) Atlas hypoplasia as a cause of high cervical myelopathy. Case report. J Neurosurg 79:917-919
22. Koseki H, Wallin J, Wilting J et al (1993) A role of Pax-1 as a mediator of notochordal signals during the dorsoventral specification of vertebrae. Development 119:649-660
23. Kotil K, Kalayci M (2005) Ventral cervicomedullary junction compression secondary to condyles occipitalis (median occipital condyle), a rare entity. J Spinal Disord Tech 18(4):382-384
24. Kountouri M, Natarajan K, Sgouros S (2004) Skull base growth in children with Chiari I malformation. Childs Nerv Syst 20:672
25. Lufkin T, Mark M, Hart CP et al (1992) Homeotic transformation of the occipital bones of the skull by ectopic expression of a homeobox gene. Nature 359:835-841
26. Mantilla-Martin MT, Miller JD (1993) Congenital absence of a pedicle in a cervical vertebra: Report of two cases. Can Assoc Radiol J 44:280-284
27. Marin-Padilla M, Marin-Padilla T (1981) Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Neurol Sci 50:29-55
28. Marin-Padilla M (1979) Notochordal-basochondrocranium relationships. Abnormalities in experimentally induced axial skeletal (dysraphic) disorders. J Embryol Exp Morphol 53:15-38
29. May D, Jenny B, Faundez A (2001) Cervical cord compression due to a hypoplastic atlas. Case report. J Neurosurg (Spine 1). 94:133-136
30. Menezes AH (1995) Congenital and acquired abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction. In: Youmans J (ed) Neurological surgery. 4th edn. W.B. Saunders Publishers, Philadelphia, pp 1035-1089 (Chapter 42)
31. Menezes AH (2005) Craniocervical developmental anatomy and its implications. Clin Neurosurg 52:53-64
32. Menezes AH (2003) Developmental abnormalities of the craniovertebral junction. In: Winn HR (ed) Youman's neurological surgery. vol. 3. 5th edn. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 3331-3345
33. Menezes AH (1998) Embryology, development and classification of disorders of the craniovertebral junction. In: Dickman CA, Sonntag VKH, Spetzler RF (eds) Surgery of the craniovertebral junction. Thieme Medical Publishers, New York, pp 3-12
34. Menezes AH (2004) Evaluation and treatment of congenital and developmental anomalies of the cervical spine. J Neurosurg (Spine 1) 2:188-197
35. Menezes AH (1995) Primary craniovertebral anomalies and the hindbrain herniation syndrome (Chiari I): Data base analysis. Pediatr Neurosurg 23:260-269
36. Muller F, O'Rahilly R (1980) The human chondrocranium at the end of the embryonic period proper with particular reference to the nervous system. Am J Anat 159:33-58
37. Nishikawa M, Sakamoto H, Hakuba A, Nakanishi N, Inoue Y (1997) Pathogenesis of Chiari malformation: A morphometric study of the posterior cranial fossa. J Neurosurg 86:40-47
38. Pérez-Vallina JR, Riano-Galán I, Cobo-Ruisánchez A, Orejas-Rodriguez-Arango G, López-Muniz C, Fernández-Martínez JM (2002) Congenital anomaly of craniovertebral junction: Atlas-dens fusion with C1 anterior arch cleft. J Spinal Disord Tech 15(1):84-87
39. Puca A, Scogna A, Rollo M (2000) Craniovertebral junction malformation and rotational occlusion of the vertebral artery. Br J Neurosurg 14(4):361-364
40. Rao PVM (2002) Median (third) occipital condyle. Clin Anat 15(2):148-151
41. Sensing EC (1957) The development of the occipital and cervical segments and their associated structures in human embryos. Contrib Embryol 36:152-161
42. Shen FH, Samartzis D, Herman J, Lubicky JP (2006) Radiographic assessment of segmental motion at the atlantoaxial junction in the Klippel-Feil patient. Spine 31(2):171-177
43. Smoker WRK (2000) MR imaging of the craniovertebral junction. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 8(3):635-650
44. Stevens JM, Chong WK, Barber C, Kendall BE, Crockard HA (1994) A new appraisal of abnormalities of the odontoid process associated with atlantoaxial subluxation and neurological disability. Brain 117(pt 1):133-148
45. Tominaga T, Takahashi T, Shimizu H, Yoshiomoto T (2002) Rotational vertebral artery occlusion from occipital bony anomaly: A rare cause of embolic stroke. Case report. J Neurosurg 97(6):1456-1459
46. Ulmer JL, Elster AD, Ginsberg LE, Williams DW 3rd (1993) Klippel-Feil syndrome: CT and MR of acquired and congenital abnormalities of cervical spine and cord. J Comput Assist Tomogr 17(2):215-224
47. VonTorklus D, Gehle W (1972) The upper cervical spine. Regional anatomy, pathology and traumatology. In: Georg Thieme Verlag (ed) A systemic radiological atlas and textbook. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 1-99