Dynamics of diffuse degassing at Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 375, Issue , 2004, Pages 191-202

  López, Dina L ^a   Ransom, Loretta ^a   Pérez, Nemesio M ^b   Hernández, Pedro A ^b   Monterrosa, Jeannette ^c  

^a OHIO UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Instituto Tecnologico y de Enegias Renovables   (Spain)

^c Fundación de Amigos del Lago de Ilopango   (El Salvador)

Author keywords

Carbon dioxide; Diffuse soil gases; El Salvador; Ilopango Caldera; Mercury; Radon

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; DEGASSING; GASES; LAKES; MERCURY (METAL); RADON; SOILS; VOLCANOES;

ANOMALOUS REGIONS; BACKGROUND LEVEL; BOUNDARY LAYER MODELS; DIFFUSE DEGASSING; EL SALVADOR; ILOPANGO CALDERA; SOIL GAS; SOIL GAS CONCENTRATION;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

CALDERA; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DIFFUSION; FAULTING; GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; VOLCANIC ERUPTION; VOLCANIC GAS;

EL SALVADOR [CENTRAL AMERICA];

EID: 51749092212     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.191     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. 2 from Mount Etna: Nature, v. 351, p. 387-391.
2. 2: Geoderma, v. 82, p. 83-114.
3. Appelo, C.A.J., and Postma, D., 1994, Geochemistry, groundwater and pollution: Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, p. 536.
4. Arizona Instrument, 1996, Jerome 431-X mercury vapor analyzer operation manual. Part Number SS-086, Doc # 6J21-0001, Rev C., Phoenix, Arizona, p. 60.
5. 4 fluxes in relation to tillage, compaction and soil quality in Scotland: Soil and Tillage Research, v. 53, p. 29-39.
6. Baubron, J.C., Allard, P., and Toutain, J.P., 1990, Diffusive volcanic emissions of carbon dioxide from Vulano Island, Italy: Nature (Letters to Nature), v. 344, p. 51-53.
7. Baubron, J.C., Allard, P., Sabroux, J., Tedesco, P., and Toutain, J.P., 1991, Soil gas emanations as precursory indicators of volcanic eruptions: Geological Society [London] Journal, v. 148, p. 571-576.
8. Ben-Dor, E., and Banin, A., 1989, Determination of organic matter content in arid-zone soils using a simple "loss-on-ignition," method: Commununications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, v. 20, no. 15-16, p. 1675-1695.
9. Buyanovski, G.A., and Wagner, G.H., 1983, Annual cycles of carbon dioxide level in soil air: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 47, p. 1139-1145.
10. Capaldi, G., Pece, R., and Veltri, C., 1992, Radon variation in groundwaters in the Campi Flegrei Caldera (Southern Italy) during and after the 1982-1984 Bradyseismic Crisis: PAGEOPH, v. 138, no. 1, p. 77-93.
11. Cartagena, R., Olmos, R., López, D.L., Soriano, T., Barahona, F., and Hernández, P., 2004, Diffuse soil degassing of carbon dioxide, radon, and mercury at San Miguel volcano, El Salvador, in Rose, W.I., et al., eds., Natural hazards in El Salvador: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, p. 203-212 (this volume).
12. 2 from the Fossa crater, Vulcano Island (Italy): Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 58, p. 41-50.
13. 222Rn pulse during the initial phase of June-August 1995 eruption of Cerro Negro, Nicaragua: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 73, p. 119-127.
14. Deines, P., 1980, The isotopic composition of reduced organic carbon, in Fritz, P., and Fontes, J.Ch., eds., Handbook of environmental isotope geochemistry, 1: The terrestrial environment: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 329-406.
15. Drever, J.I., 1997, The geochemistry of natural waters (3rd edition): New Jersey, Prentice Hall, 436 p.
16. Dull, R.A., 2001, El bosque perdido: A cultural-ecological history of Holocene environmental change in western El Salvador [Ph.D. thesis]: Berkeley, University of California, 137 p.
17. 4 degassing of Ustica Island, Southern Tyrrheanian basin: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 88, p. 291-304.
18. 2 emission at Mammoth Mountain as a sign of magmatic unrest: Nature, v. 37, p. 675-678.
19. Faure, G., 1986, Principles of isotope geology: New York, John Wiley & Sons, 589 p.
20. Geographical Institute of El Salvador, 1970, Geological map of El Salvador (1964-1970), scale 1:100, 000, 6 sheets.
21. 2 emissions from soils of a Mammoth Mountain tree kill: Horseshoe Lake, California, 1995-1997: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, no. 11, p. 1947-1950.
22. Granier, A., Ceschia, E., Damesin, C., Dufrene, E., Epron, D., Gross, P., Lebaube, S., Le Dantec, V., Le Goff, N., Lemoine, D., Lucot, E., Ottorini, J.M., Pontailler, J.Y., and Saugier, B., 2000, The carbon balance of a young Beech forest: Functional Ecology, v. 14, p. 312-325.
23. Hart, W.J.E., 1981, The panchimalco tephra, El Salvador, Central America [M.S. thesis]: New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University, 101 p.
24. Heiligmann, M., Stix, J., Williams-Jones, G., Lollar, B.S., and Garzon, G., 1997, Distal degassing of radon and carbon dioxide on Galeras volcano, Colombia: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 77, p. 267-283.
25. Hernández, P.A., Perez, N.M., Salazar, J.M., Nakai, S., Notsu, K., and Wakita, H., 1998, Diffuse emission of carbon dioxide, methane, and helium-3 from Teide volcano, Tenerife, Canary Islands: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25. no. 17, p. 3311-3314.
26. Hernández, P.A., Mori, T., Natale, G., Notsu, K., Okada, H., Pérez, N.M., Salazar, J.M., Sato, M., Shimoike, Y., and Virgili, G., 2001, Carbon dioxide degassing by active flow from Usu volcano, Japan: Science, v. 292, no. 5514, p. 83-86.
27. Hoefs, J., 1980, Stable isotope geochemistry: Berlin, Springer Verlag, 208 p.
28. 222Rn) ratios as indicators of soil gas transport: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 6, p. A-195.
29. Javoy, M., Pineau, F., and Delorme, H., 1986, Carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the mantle: Chemical Geology, v. 57, p. 41-62.
30. King, C.Y., 1980, Episodic radon changes in Subsurface soil gas along active faults and possible relation to earthquakes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 85, p. 3065-3078.
31. 4 from lakes and rivers in arctic Alaska: Hydrobiologia, v. 240, p. 23-36.
32. Lai, L.T., 1999, Geochemical characteristics of radon and mercury distribution in relation to active tectonics in Son La hydropower dam site: Journal of Geology, Series B, v. 13-14, p. 42-46.
33. Lambert, G., Bristeau, P., and Polian, G., 1976, Emission and enrichments of radon daughters from Etna Volcano magma: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 3, no. 12, p. 724-726.
34. Maljanen, M., Martikainen, P.J., Aaltonen, H., and Silvola, J., 2002, Short-term variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in cultivated and forested organic boreal soils: Soil Biology & Biochemistry, v. 34, p. 577-584.
35. Mann, C.P., Stix, J., Vallance, J.W., and Richer, M., 2004, Subaqueous intracaldera volcanism, Ilopango Caldera, El Salvador, Central America, in Rose, W.I., et al., eds., Natural hazards in El Salvador: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, p. 159-174 (this volume).
36. 3He in volatile fluxes from the solid Earth: Implications for carbon geodynamics: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 83, p. 16-26.
37. McLean, E.O., 1982, Soil pH and lime requirement, in Page, A.L., et al., eds., Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties - Agronomy Monograph no. 9 (2nd edition): Madison, Wisconsin, American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America, p. 199-225.
38. 2 degassing from Poás volcano, Costa Rica, Central America: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 82, p. F1332.
39. Meyer-Abich, H., 1956, Los volcanes activos de Guatemala y El Salvador (America Central): Anales del Servicio Geológico Nacional de El Salvador, 102 p.
40. Molnar, P., and Sykes, L., 1969, Tectonics of the Caribbean and Middle America regions from focal mechanisms and seismicity: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 16-1684.
41. 2 exchange at the floor of a boreal forest: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, v. 101, p. 1-14.
42. Notsu, K., Wakita, H., and Igarashi, G., 1991, Precursory changes in fumarolic gas temperature associated with a recent submarine eruption near IzuOshima volcano, Japan: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 191-193.
43. 222Rn degassing from San Salvador volcano, El Salvador, Central America, in Rose, W.I., et al., eds., Natural hazards in El Salvador: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, p. 227-236 (this volume).
44. Pylon Electronics, 1993, Pylon Model AB-5 Portable Radiation Monitor Instruction Manual, June 5, Manual Number A900024: Ottawa, Canada, Pylon Electronics, 69 p.
45. Ransom, L., 2002, Volcanic diffuse soil degassing and lake chemistry of the Ilopango Caldera system, El Salvador, Central America [M.S. thesis]: Athens, Ohio University, 177 p.
46. Reimer, G.M., 1980, Use of soil-gas helium concentrations for earthquake prediction: Limitations imposed by diurnal variations: Jouranl of Geophysical Research, v. 85, p. 3107-3144.
47. Reimer, G.M., 1981, Helium soil-gas variations associated with recent Central California earthquakes: Precursor or coincidence?: Geophysical Reseaarch Letters, v. 8, p. 433-435.
48. Rose, T.P., and Davisson, M.L., 1996, Radiocarbon in hydrologic systems containing dissolved magmatic carbon dioxide: Science, v. 273, p. 1367-1370.
49. Salazar, J.M.I., Pérez, N.M., Hernández, P.A., Soriano, T., Barahona, F., Olmos, R., Cartagena, R., López, D.L., Lima, N., Melián, G., Castro, L., Galindo, I., and Notsu, K., 2002, Precursory diffuse carbon dioxide soil degassing signatures of recent earthquakes in El Salvador, Central America: Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters, v. 205, p. 81-89.
50. 2 degassing at Santa Ana-Izalco- Coatepeque volcanic complex, El Salvador, Central America, in Rose, W.I., et al., eds., Natural hazards in El Salvador: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 375, p. 135-146 (this volume).
51. Schwarcz, H.P., 1969, The stable isotopes of carbon, in We depohl, K.H., ed., Handbook of geochemistry: Berlin, Springer Verlag, 107 p.
52. Sheets, P.D., 1979, Volcanic disasters and the archaeological record, in Grayson, D.K., ed., Volcanic activity and human ecology: New York, Academic Press, 644 p.
53. Sorey, M.L., Evans, W.C., Kennedy, B.M., Farrar, L.J., Hainsworth, L.J., and Hausback, B., 1998, Carbon dioxide and helium emissions from a reservoir of magmatic gas beneath Mammoth Mountain, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, no. B7, p. 15, 303-15, 323.
54. Stumm, W., and Morgan, J.J., 1996, Aquatic chemistry (3rd edition): New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1022 p.
55. Swan, A.R.H., and Sandilands, M., 1995, Introduction to geological data analysis: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Blackwell Science, 446 p.
56. Tennant, C.B., and White, M.L., 1959, Study of the distribution of some geochemical data: Economic Geology, v. 54, p. 1281-1290.
57. Thibodeaux, L.J., 1996, Environmental chemodynamics (2nd edition): New York, John Wiley and Sons, 593 p.
58. Varekamp, J.C., and Buseck, P.R., 1981, Mercury emissions from Mount St. Helens during September 1980: Nature, v. 293, p. 555-556.
59. Varekamp, J.C., and Buseck, P.R., 1983, Hg anomalies in soils: A geochemical exploration method for geothermal areas: Geothermics, v. 12, p. 29-47.
60. Varekamp, J.C., and Buseck, P.R., 1984, The speciation of mercury in hydrothermal systems, with application to ore deposition: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 48, p. 177-185.
61. Varekamp, J.C., Pasternack, G.B., and Rowe, G.L., Jr., 2000, Volcanic lake systematics II. Chemical constraints: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 97, p. 161-179.
62. Wanninkhof, R., Ledwell, J.R., and Broecker, W.S., 1985, Gas exchange-wind speed relation measured with sulfur hexafluoride on a lake: Science, v. 227, p. 1224-1226.
63. Wanninkhof, R., Mulholland, P.J., and Elwood, J.W., 1990, Gas exchange rates for a first-order stream determined with deliberate and natural tracers: Water Resource Research, v. 26, p. 1621-1630.
64. Weyl, R., 1980, Geology of Central America: Berlin, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 371 p.
65. White, R., and Harlow, D., 1993, Destructive upper-crustal earthquakes of Central America since 1900: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 83, no. 4, p. 1114-1115.
66. Williams, H., and Meyer-Abich, H., 1955, Volcanism in the southern part of El Salvador, with particular reference to the collapse basins of lakes Coatepeque and Ilopango: University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 32, p. 1-64.
67. Williams, S.N., 1985, Soil radon and elemental mercury distribution and relation to magmatic resurgence at Long Valley Caldera: Science, v. 229, p. 551-553.