Update in the understanding of respiratory limitations to exercise performance in fit, active adults

Chest

Volumn 134, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 613-622

  Dempsey, Jerome A ^a   McKenzie, Donald C ^b   Haverkamp, Hans C ^c   Eldridge, Marlowe W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^c LYNDON STATE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Exercise; Hypoxemia; Physiology; Pulmonary

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTEROID; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

AIRFLOW; ALTITUDE; ARTERIAL OXYGEN TENSION; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; ATHLETE; BREATHING; CONTRAST ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; DEOXYGENATION; DIAPHRAGM; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE; FITNESS; FLOW RATE; GAS EXCHANGE; HUMAN; HYPOXEMIA; LUNG ALVEOLUS OXYGEN TENSION; LUNG CAPACITY; MUSCLE BLOOD VESSEL; MUSCLE FATIGUE; OXYGEN TRANSPORT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PULMONARY SHUNT; RESPIRATORY FUNCTION; RESPIRATORY SYSTEM; REST; TIDAL VOLUME; UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT; VASCULARIZATION; VASOCONSTRICTION; VENOUS BLOOD;

EID: 51649124003     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-2730     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Saltin B, Calbet JA. Point: in health and in a normoxic environment, VO2 max is limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:744-745
2. Wagner PD. Counterpoint: in health and in normoxic environment VO2max is limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow. J Appl Physiol 2006;100:745-747
3. Gandevia SC. Spinal and supraspinal factors in human muscle fatigue. Physiol Rev 2001;81:1725-1789
4. Amann M, Eldridge MW, Lovering AT, et al. Arterial oxygenation influences central motor output and exercise performance via effects on peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue in humans. J Physiol 2006;575:937-952
5. Romer LM, Haverkamp HC, Lovering AT, et al. Effect of exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia on quadriceps muscle fatigue in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R365-R375
6. Olafsson S, Hyatt RE. Ventilatory mechanics and expiratory flow limitation during exercise in normal subjects. J Clin Invest 1969; 48:564-573
7. Dempsey JA. J.B. Wolffe memorial lecture: is the lung built for exercise? Med Sci Sports Exerc 1986; 18:143-155
8. Haverkamp HC, Dempsey JA, Miller JD, et al. Repeat exercise normalizes the gas-exchange impairment induced by a previous exercise bout in asthmatic subjects. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99:1843-1852
9. Haverkamp HC, Dempsey JA, Miller JD, et al. Gas exchange during exercise in habitually active asthmatic subjects. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99:1938-1950
10. Haverkamp HC, Dempsey J, Pegelow D, et al. Treatment of airway inflamation improves exercise pulmonary gas exchange and performance in asthmatic subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:39-47
11. 2-agonists before an event at the 2002 Winter Olympics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111:45-50
12. 2-agonist at the 2004 Summer Olympics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117:767-773
13. Karjalainen EM, Laitinen A, Sue-Chu M, et al. Evidence of airway inflammation and remodeling in ski athletes with and without bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:2086-2091
14. Langdeau JB, Turcotte H, Bowie DM, et al. Airway hyperresponsiveness in elite athletes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1479-1484
15. Holzer K, Anderson SD, Douglass J. Exercise in elite summer athletes: challenges for diagnosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 110:374-380
16. Rundell KW, Im J, Mayers LB, et al. Self-reported symptoms and exercise-induced asthma in the elite athlete. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001; 33:208-213
17. Lipworth BJ. Systemic adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroid therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159:941-955
18. Anderson SD, Kippelen P. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction: pathogenesis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2005; 5:116-122
19. Evans DW, Salome CM, King GG, et al. Effect of regular inhaled salbutamol on airway responsiveness and airway inflammation in rhinitic non-asthmatic subjects. Thorax 1997;52:136-142
20. Cockcroft DW, McParland CP, Britto SA, et al. Regular inhaled salbutamol and airway responsiveness to allergen. Lancet 1993; 342:833-837
21. Fallon KE. Upper airway obstruction masquerading as exercise induced bronchospasm in an elite road cyclist. Br J Sports Med 2004; 38:E9
22. McFadden ER Jr, Zawadski DK. Vocal cord dysfunction masquerading as exercise-induced asthma. a physiologic cause for "choking" during athletic activities. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 153:942-947
23. Haverkamp H, Miller J, Rodman J, et al. Extrathoracic obstruction and hypoxemia occurring during exercise in a competitive female cyclist. Chest 2003; 124:1602-1605
24. Rundell KW, Spiering BA. Inspiratory stridor in elite athletes. Chest 2003; 123:468-474
25. Johnson BD, Saupe KW, Dempsey JA. Mechanical constraints on exercise hyperpnea in endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol 1992; 73:874-886
26. McClaran SR, Harms CA, Pegelow DF, et al. Smaller lungs in women affect exercise hyperpnea. J Appl Physiol 1998; 84:1872-1881
27. Guenette JA, Witt JD, McKenzie DC, et al. Respiratory mechanics during exercise in endurance-trained men and women. J Physiol 2007; 581:1309-1322
28. Stark-Leyva KN, Beck KC, Johnson BD. Influence of expiratory loading and hyperinflation on cardiac output during exercise. J Appl Physiol 2004; 96:1920-1927
29. Miller JD, Hemauer SJ, Smith CA, et al. Expiratory threshold loading impairs cardiovascular function in health and chronic heart failure during submaximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 2006; 101:213-227
30. Johnson BD, Reddan WG, Seow KC, et al. Mechanical constraints on exercise hyperpnea in a fit aging population. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 143:968-977
31. Ingram RH Jr, Schilder DP. Effect of gas compression on pulmonary pressure, flow, and volume relationship. J Appl Physiol 1966; 21:1821-1826
32. Mota S, Casan P, Drobnic F, et al. Expiratory flow limitation during exercise in competition cyclists. J Appl Physiol 1999; 86:611-616
33. Martin TR, Castile RG, Fredberg JJ, et al. Airway size is related to sex but not lung size in normal adults. J Appl Physiol 1987; 63:2042-2047
34. Dempsey JA, Wagner PD. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. J Appl Physiol 1999; 87:1997-2006
35. Hopkins SR, Schoene RB, Henderson WR, et al. Intense exercise impairs the integrity of the pulmonary blood-gas barrier in elite athletes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1090-1094
36. Wagner PD, Gale GE, Moon RE, et al. Pulmonary gas exchange in humans exercising at sea level and simulated altitude. J Appl Physiol 1986; 61:260-270
37. Eldridge MW, Braun RK, Yoneda KY, et al. Effects of altitude and exercise on pulmonary capillary integrity: evidence for subclinical high-altitude pulmonary edema. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100:972-980
38. McKechnie JK, Leary WP, Noakes TD, et al. Acute pulmonary oedema in two athletes during a 90-km running race. S Afr Med J 1979; 56:261-265
39. Hagen PT, Scholz DG, Edwards WD. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59:17-20
40. Sun XG, Hansen JE, Oudiz RJ, et al. Gas exchange detection of exercise-induced right-to-left shunt in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2002; 105:54-60
41. Allemann Y, Hutter D, Lipp E, et al. Patent foramen ovale and high-altitude pulmonary edema. JAMA 2006; 296:2954-2958
42. Lovering AT, Stickland MK, Kelso AJ, et al. Direct demonstration of 25- and 50-microm arteriovenous pathways in healthy human and baboon lungs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H1777-H1781
43. Tobin CE. Arteriovenous shunts in the peripheral pulmonary circulation in the human lung. Thorax 1966; 21:197-204
44. Eldridge MW, Dempsey JA, Haverkamp HC, et al. Exercise-induced intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunting in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol 2004; 97:797-805
45. Stickland MK, Welsh RC, Haykowsky MJ, et al. Intrapulmonary shunt and pulmonary gas exchange during exercise in humans. J Physiol 2004; 561:321-329
46. Womack CJ, Nagelkirk PR, Coughlin AM. Exercise-induced changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis in healthy populations and patients with cardiovascular disease. Sports Med 2003; 33:795-807
47. Barzilai B, Waggoner AD, Spessert C, et al. Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography in the detection and follow-up of congenital pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Am J Cardiol 1991; 68:1507-1510
48. Woods TD, Patel A. A critical review of patent foramen ovale detection using saline contrast echocardiography: when bubbles lie. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2006; 19:215-222
49. 1-adrenergic constriction than gastrocnemius arterioles. J Appl Physiol 2002; 92:1808-1816
50. Taylor BJ, How SC, Romer LM. Exercise-induced abdominal muscle fatigue in healthy humans. J Appl Physiol 2006; 100:1554-1562
51. Johnson BD, Babcock MA, Suman OE, et al. Exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue in healthy humans. J Physiol 1993; 460:385-405
52. Harms CA, Babcock MA, McClaran SR, et al. Respiratory muscle work compromises leg blood flow during maximal exercise. J Appl Physiol 1997; 82:1573-1583
53. Hill JM. Discharge of group IV phrenic afferent fibers increases during diaphragmatic fatigue. Brain Res 2000; 856:240-244
54. St. Croix CM, Morgan BJ, Wetter TJ, et al. Fatiguing inspiratory muscle work causes reflex sympathetic activation in humans. J Physiol 2000; 529:493-504
55. Harms CA, Wetter TJ, St. Croix CM, et al. Effects of respiratory muscle work on exercise performance. J Appl Physiol 2000; 89:131-138
56. Thoden JS, Dempsey JA, Reddan WG, et al. Ventilatory work during steady-state response to exercise. Fed Proc 1969; 28:1316-1321
57. Amann M, Pegelow DF, Jacques AJ, et al. Inspiratory muscle work in acute hypoxia influences locomotor muscle fatigue and exercise performance of healthy humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R2036-R2045
58. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Point: positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99:2053-2055
59. Gore CJ, Hopkins WG. Counterpoint: positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are not mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume. J Appl Physiol 2005; 99:2055-2057
60. Hansen J, Sander M. Sympathetic neural overactivity in healthy humans after prolonged exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. J Physiol 2003; 546:921-929
61. Berssenbrugge A, Dempsey J, Iber C, et al. Mechanisms of hypoxia-induced periodic breathing during sleep in humans. J Physiol 1983; 343:507-526
62. Djukanovic R, Wilson JW, Britten KM, et al. Effect of an inhaled corticosteroid on airway inflammation and symptoms in asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145:669-674
63. Wilson JJ, Wilson EM. Practical management: vocal cord dysfunction in athletes. Clin J Sport Med 2006; 16:357-360
64. Faoro V, Lamotte M, Deboeck G, et al. Effects of sildenafil on exercise capacity in hypoxic normal subjects. High Alt Med Biol 2007; 8:155-163
65. Richalet JP, Gratadour P, Robach P, et al. Sildenafil inhibits altitude-induced hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171:275-281
66. McConnell AK, Lomax M. The influence of inspiratory muscle work history and specific inspiratory muscle training upon human limb muscle fatigue. J Physiol 2006; 577:445-457