Gastric volvulus in infants and children

Pediatrics

Volumn 122, Issue 3, 2008, Pages

  Cribbs, Randolph Kyle ^a   Gow, Kenneth William ^b   Wulkan, Mark Lewis ^a  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Children; Gastric; Infants; Newborns; Volvulus

Indexed keywords

ABDOMINAL PAIN; AGE DISTRIBUTION; BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FEEDING DISORDER; GROWTH DISORDER; HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STOMACH DISTENSION; STOMACH VOLVULUS; SURGICAL APPROACH; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE; VOMITING; ABDOMINAL SURGERY; CHILD; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; INFANT; METHODOLOGY; NEWBORN; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROGNOSIS; STOMACH;

CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM SURGICAL PROCEDURES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; PROGNOSIS; STOMACH; STOMACH VOLVULUS; VOMITING;

EID: 51649120413     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2007-3111     Document Type: Review

References (186)

1. Wastell C, Ellis H. Volvulus of the stomach: a review with a report of 8 cases. Br J Surg. 1971;58(8):557-562
2. Gourgiotis S, Vougas V, Germanos S, Baratsis S. Acute gastric volvulus: diagnosis and management over 10 years. Dig Surg. 2006;23(3):169-172
3. Carter R, Brewer LA 3rd, Hinshaw DB. Acute gastric volvulus: a study of 25 cases. Am J Surg. 1980;140(1):99-106
4. Wasselle JA, Norman J. Acute gastric volvulus: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Am J Gastroenterol. 1993;88(10):1780 -1784
5. Dalgaard JB. Volvulus of the stomach: case report and survey. Acta Chir Scand. 1952;103(2):131-153
6. Eek S, Hagelsteen H. Torsion of the stomach as a cause of vomiting in infancy. Lancet. 1958;1(7010):26-28
7. Buchanan J. Volvulus of the stomach. Br J Surg. 1930;18:99-112
8. Singleton AC. Chronic gastric volvulus. Radiology. 1940;34:53-61
9. Adebamowo CA, Wahab TA, Ladipo JK. Gastric volvulus: a report of four cases. West Afr J Med. 1996;15(2):126-131
10. Adolph V, Flageole H, Perreault T, et al. Repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia after weaning from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30(2):349-352
11. Ahsan I. Volvulus of the stomach. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1970;15(4):232-233
12. Al-Arfaj AA, Chirurgie AF, Khwaja MS, Mitra DK. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration associated with massive hiatal hernia. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72(2):181
13. Al-Assiri A, Wiseman N, Bunge M. Prenatal diagnosis of intrathoracic stomach (gastric herniation). J Pediatr Surg. 2005; 40(2):E15-E17
14. Alawadhi A, Chou S, Soucy P. Gastric volvulus: a late complication of gastrostomy. Can J Surg. 1991;34(5):485-486
15. Al-Mane K. Gastric volvulus in infancy and childhood. Saudi Med J. 2000;21(6):596
16. Alper B, Vargun R, Kologlu MB, Fitoz S, Suskan E, Dindar H. Late presentation of a traumatic rupture of the diaphragm with gastric volvulus in a child: report of a case. Surg Today. 2007;37(10):874-877
17. Al-Salem AH. Gastric volvulus in infancy and childhood. Saudi Med J. 1999;20(12):980-982
18. Al-Salem AH. Intrathoracic gastric volvulus in infancy. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30(12):842-845
19. Al-Salem AH. Acute and chronic gastric volvulus in infants and children: who should be treated surgically? Pediatr Surg Int. 2007;23(11):1095-1099
20. Al-Shehri MA, Al-Binali AM, Eid WA, Osinowo OA, Mohammed NE. Late presentation of a right Bochdalek hernia with a right intrathoracic stomach and organo-axial torsion. Saudi Med J. 2005;26(7):1122-1126
21. Anagnostara A, Koumanidou C, Vakaki M, Manoli E, Kakavakis K. Chronic gastric volvulus and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in an infant. J Clin Ultrasound. 2003;31(7):383-386
22. Andiran F, Tanyel FC, Balkanci F, Hiçsönmez A. Acute abdomen due to gastric volvulus: diagnostic value of a single plain radiograph. Pediatr Radiol. 1995;25(suppl 1):S240
23. Aoyama K, Tateishi K. Gastric volvulus in three children with asplenic syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 1986;21(4):307-310
24. Asch MJ, Sherman NJ. Gastric volvulus in children: report of two cases. J Pediatr Surg. 1977;12(6):1059-1062
25. Ascherman SW, Bednarz WW, Olix ML. Gastric volvulus. AMA Arch Surg. 1958;76(4):621-629
26. Ashby ME, Balfour GW, Campbell JA. Acute gastric volvulus mimicking the cast syndrome: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59(8):1101-1102
27. Bandi SK, Chandel MK, Dwivedi MS. Recurrent volvulus of the stomach. Indian J Pediatr. 1970;37(274):580-582
28. Basaran UN, Inan M, Ayhan S, et al. Acute gastric volvulus due to deficiency of the gastrocolic ligament in a newborn. Eur J Pediatr. 2002;161(5):288-290
29. Battisti G, Natali G, Manno A, et al. "Cascade stomach": laparoscopic treatment. Endoscopy. 1998;30(8):S92-S93
30. Bautista-Casasnovas A, Varela-Cives R, Fernandez-Bustillo JM, et al. Chronic gastric volvulus: is it so rare? Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2002;12(2):111-115
31. Beckmann KR, Nozicka CA. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia with gastric volvulus presenting as an acute tension gastrothorax. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17(1):35-37
32. Behrens R, Lang T, Muschweck H, Richter T, Hofbeck M. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1997;25(5):487-491
33. Bemelman WA, van Baal JG, Keeman JN. Volvulus of the stomach after traumatic hernia diaphragmatica. Neth J Surg. 1989;41(1):8 -10
34. Bonadio WA, Wood BP. Radiological case of the month: intrathoracic stomach with volvulus. Am J Dis Child. 1989;143(4):503-504
35. Borenstein DA, Cameron BH, Walton JM, Fitzgerald PG, Habib Z. Laparoscopic treatment for pediatric gastric volvulus. Pediatr Endosurg Innovative Tech. 2004;8(4):310-314
36. Brara BS, Rossiter M, Moore KA. Eventration of diaphragm with volvulus of stomach and extralobar sequestration of the lung. Proc R Soc Med. 1977;70(10):725-726
37. Brzezinski W, Laskin MM, Wong KS. Acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus in an infant: a case report. Can J Surg. 1993; 36(3):233-235
38. Burke G, Mercado-Deane MG, Burton EM. Organoaxial gastric volvulus detected by Meckel scan. Clin Nucl Med. 1994;19(7):598 -599
39. Cameron AE, Howard ER. Gastric volvulus in childhood. J Pediatr Surg. 1987;22(10):944 -947
40. Cameron BH, Blair GK. Laparoscopic-guided gastropexy for intermittent gastric volvulus. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(12): 1628-1629
41. Cameron BH, Vajarvandi V, Blair GK, Fraser GK, Murphy JJ, Stringer DA. The intermittent and variable features of gastric volvulus in childhood. Pediatr Surg Int. 1995;10(1):26 -29
42. Campbell JB, Rappaport LN, Skerker LB. Acute mesenteroaxial volvulus of the stomach. Radiology. 1972;103(1):153-156
43. Campbell JB. Neonatal gastric volvulus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979;132(5):723-725
44. Chan KL, Saing H. Iatrogenic gastric volvulus during transposition for esophageal atresia: diagnosis and treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31(2):229 -232
45. Chang J, Brueckner M, Touloukian RJ. Intestinal rotation and fixation abnormalities in heterotaxia: early detection and management. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(10):1281-1284; discussion 1285
46. Chang SW, Lee HC, Yeung CY, et al. Gastric volvulus in children. Acta Paediatr Taiwan. 2006;47(1):18 -24
47. Chatterjee H, Jagdish S, Rao KS, Srivastava KK. Volvulus of stomach in childhood. Indian J Gastroenterol. 1993;12(3):102-104
48. Chatterjee H, Ravishankar N, Chandramouli Mahadev M. Herniation through triple defects of the diaphragm with gastric volvulus. Pediatr Surg Int. 2001;17(5-6):459 -460
49. Chattopadhyay A, Vepakomma D, Prakash B, Kumar V. Is gastropexy required for all cases of gastric volvulus in children? Int Surg. 2005;90(3):151-154
50. Chen MK, Schropp KP, Lobe TE. Complications of minimalaccess surgery in children. J Pediatr Surg. 1996;31(8): 1161-1165
51. Chuang JH, Hsieh CS, Huang SC, Wan YL. Gastric volvulus complicating left hepatic lobectomy. Pediatr Surg Int. 1993; 8(3):255-256
52. Cohn R, Blaisdell F. Volvulus. Stanford Med Bull. 1958;16(4): 225
53. Cole BC, Dickinson SJ. Acute volvulus of the stomach in infants and children. Surgery. 1971;70(5):707-717
54. Colijn AW, Kneepkens CM, Taets van Amerongen A, Ekkelkamp S. Gastric volvulus after anterior gastropexy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993;17(1):105-107
55. Dagher M, MacMath TL, Seger DL. Mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus in children. South Med J. 1984;77(6):768 -770
56. Daher P, Zeidan S, Azar E, Khoury M, Melki I, Mikhael R. Right congenital diaphragmatic hernia a well-known pathology? Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(4):293-295
57. Daneman A, Kozlowski K. Large hiatus hernias in infancy and childhood. Australas Radiol. 1977;21(2):133-139
58. Darani A, Mendoza-Sagaon M, Reinberg O. Gastric volvulus in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(5):855-858
59. De Giacomo C, Maggiore G, Fiori P, et al. Chronic gastric torsion in infancy: a revisited diagnosis. Australas Radiol. 1989; 33(3):252-254
60. Debnath B, Samanta N. Acute gastric volvulus in childhood. J Indian Med Assoc. 1998;96(2):58-59
61. Del Rossi C, Cerasoli G, Tosi C, De Chiara F, Ghinelli C. Intrathoracic gastric volvulus in an infant. Pediatr Surg Int. 1993;8(2):146-148
62. Dine MS, Martin LW. Malrotation with gastric volvulus, midgut volvulus, and pancreatitis. Am J Dis Child. 1977;131(12): 1345-1346
63. Domene CE, Volpe P, Santo MA, Onari P, Szachnowicz S, Pinotti HW. Laparoscopic treatment of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 1998;8(4): 225-229
64. du Plessis DJ. The ventral mesentery as a cause of foregut disorders. S Afr J Surg. 1972;10(2):71-78
65. Dvivedi MS, Kumar M, Singhai SL. Volvulus to the stomach. J Indian Med Assoc. 1963;40(5):227-229
66. Eggermont E, Devlieger H, Marchal G, et al. Chronic organo- axial twisting of the stomach in infants born prematurely and affected by chronic respiratory disease. Acta Paediatr Belg. 1980;33(4):233-242
67. El-Gohary MA, Etiaby A. Gastric volvulus in infants and children. Pediatr Surg Int. 1994;9(7):486 -488
68. Elhalaby EA, Mashaly EM. Infants with radiologic diagnosis of gastric volvulus: are they over-treated? Pediatr Surg Int. 2001; 17(8):596 -600
69. Esteväo-Costa J, Soares-Oliveira M, Correia-Pinto J, Mariz C, Carvalho JL, da Costa JE. Acute gastric volvulus secondary to a Morgagni hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2000;16(1-2):107-108
70. Esufali ST, Umapathisivam, Sivaseelan. Volvulus with a perforated stomach in a child with a congenital left hernia of Bochdalek. Ceylon Med J. 1995;40(2):70-71
71. Flanagan NM, McAloon J. Gastric volvulus complicating cerebral palsy with kyphoscoliosis. Ulster Med J. 2003;72(2): 118 -120
72. Franco A, Vaughan KG, Vukcevic Z, Thomas S, Mazariegos GV. Gastric volvulus as a complication of liver transplant. Pediatr Radiol. 2005;35(3):327-329
73. Fung KP, Rubin S, Scott RB. Gastric volvulus complicating Nissen fundoplication. J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25(12):1242-1243
74. Garcia JA, Garcia-Fernandez M, Romance A, Sanchez JC. Wandering spleen and gastric volvulus. Pediatr Radiol. 1994;24(7):535-536
75. Gharpure KC. Volvulus of the stomach ending in perforation. Br J Surg. 1939;26(103):630-631
76. Goldberg HM, Smith VH. Acute volvulus of the stomach. Br J Surg. 1956;43(182):588-590
77. Gorrell J. A case of volvulus of the stomach with congenital anomalies of development. Can Med Assoc J. 1929;21(4):427-428
78. Gryboski JD. Crohn's disease in children 10 years old and younger: comparison with ulcerative colitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1994;18(2):174-182
79. Gupta S. Clinical quiz: gastric volvulus in a large paraesophageal hiatal hernia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1998;26(3): 320-342
80. Gwinn JL, Lee FA. Volvulus of the stomach. Am J Dis Child. 1970;120(6):551-552
81. Han H, Kim IO, Yeon KM. Radiologic findings of gastric volvulus. J Korean Radiol Soc. 1987;23(6):1053-1058
82. Heldrich FJ, Kumarasena D, Hakim J, Dunn JD, Setya VR. Acute gastric volvulus in children: a rare disorder. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1993;9(4):221-223
83. Herek O, Yildiran N. A massive hiatal hernia that mimics a congenital diaphragmatic hernia: an unusual presentation of hiatal hernia in childhood-report of a case. Surg Today. 2002; 32(12):1072-1074
84. Hill WCO, Paul M. Volvulus of the stomach associated with a rare form of diaphragmatic hernia. Br J Surg. 1939;26(103):632
85. Honna T, Kamii Y, Tsuchida Y. Idiopathic gastric volvulus in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25(7):707-710
86. Idowu J, Aitken DR, Georgeson KE. Gastric volvulus in the newborn. Arch Surg. 1980;115(9):1046-1049
87. Iko BO. Volvulus of the stomach: an African series and a review. J Natl Med Assoc. 1987;79(2):171-176
88. Imamoglu M, Cay A, Kosucu P, et al. Congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia: pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(7):1128-1133
89. Karande TP, Oak SN, Karmarkar SJ, Kulkarni BK, Deshmukh SS. Gastric volvulus in childhood. J Postgrad Med. 1997;43(2):46-47
90. Kenney B, Smith B, Bensoussan AL. Laparoscopic excision of a cystic lymphangioma. J Laparoendosc Surg. 1996;6(suppl 1): S99-S101
91. Kidd H. Two cases of volvulus of the stomach in a diaphragmatic hernia. Br J Surg. 1948;36(1):58-60
92. Kilcoyne RF, Babbitt DP, Sakaguchi S. Volvulus of the stomach: a case report. Radiology. 1972;103(1):157-158
93. Koga H, Yamataka A, Kobayashi H, Lane GJ, Miyano T. Laparoscopy-assisted gastropexy for gastric volvulus in a child with situs inversus, asplenia, and major cardiac anomaly. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2007;17(4):513-516
94. Komuro H, Matoba K, Kaneko M. Laparoscopic gastropexy for chronic gastric volvulus complicated by pathologic aerophagia in a boy. Pediatr Int. 2005;47(6):701-703
95. Kotobi H, Auber F, Otta E, Meyer N, Audry G, Helardot PG. Acute mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr Surg Int. 2005;21(8):674-676
96. Kuenzler KA, Wolfson PJ, Murphy SG. Gastric volvulus after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication with gastrostomy. J Pediatr Surg. 2003;38(8):1241-1243
97. Kumar A, Chaudhary D, Agarwal KN, Bhargava V. Chronic gastric volvulus: an unusual complication of poliomyelitis. Indian Pediatr. 1995;32(4):502-504
98. Lawal D, Adejuyigbe S, Oluwole S, Adetiloye B. Gastric volvulus in Nigerian patients: report of four cases. East Afr Med J. 1997;74(9):596-599
99. Leitão B, Mota CR, Enes C, Ferreira P, Vieira P, Requeijo D. Acute gastric volvulus and congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1997;7(2):106-108
100. Lin CH, Wu SF, Lin WC, Chen AC. Wandering spleen with torsion and gastric volvulus. J Formos Med Assoc. 2005;104(10):755-758
101. Linson M, Bresnan M, Eraklis A, Shapiro F. Acute gastric volvulus following Harrington rod instrumentation in a patient with Werdnig-Hoffman disease. Spine. 1981;6(5):522-523
102. Liu HT, Lau KK. Wandering spleen: an unusual association with gastric volvulus. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(4): W328-W330
103. Lloyd EO, Roberts D. Congenital defect of left diaphragm with volvulus of stomach and transposition of viscera. Br Med J. 1947;2(Sep 27):485-487
104. Lopez D. Acute mesentero-axial volvulus of the stomach in a child. Med J Malaysia. 1993;48(3):351-354
105. Machado NO, Rao BA. Gastric volvulus with identifiable cause in adults: presentation and management. Saudi Med J. 2004;25(12):2032-2034
106. Manikoth P, Nair PA, Zachariah N, Sajwani MJ. Images in neonatal medicine: neonatal acute gastric volvulus. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004;89(5):F388-F389
107. Mayo A, Erez I, Lazar L, Rathaus V, Konen O, Freud E. Volvulus of the stomach in childhood: the spectrum of the disease. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001;17(5):344-348
108. McCallion WA, Potts SR, Wallace EC. Chronic organoaxial malrotation of the stomach in childhood. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 1992;2(6):365-367
109. McCrea RS. Pregnancy complicated by acute gastric volvulus. Tex Med. 1978;74(9):63-64
110. McDevitt JB. Intrathoracic volvulus of the stomach in a newborn infant. Ir J Med Sci. 1970;3(3):131-135
111. McIntyre RC Jr, Bensard DD, Karrer FM, Hall RJ, Lilly JR. The pediatric diaphragm in acute gastric volvulus. J Am Coll Surg. 1994;178(3):234-238
112. Menon P, Sunil I, Chowdhury SK, Rao KL. Hunt-Lawrence pouch after total gastrectomy: 4 years follow up. Indian Pediatr. 2003;40(3):249-251
113. Miller DL, Pasquale MD, Seneca RP, Hodin E. Gastric volvulus in the pediatric population. Arch Surg. 1991;126(9):1146 -1149
114. Mitchell EA, Wojciechowski AH, Younghusband JD. Acute gastric volvulus in childhood. Br J Clin Pract. 1977;31(5):61-62
115. Mizrahi S, Vinograd I, Schiller M. Neonatal gastric volvulus secondary to rectal atresia. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1988;27(6):302-304
116. Munoz JJ, Mansul AJ, Malpas TJ, Steinbrecher HA. Intrathoracic gastric volvulus mimicking pyloric stenosis. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003;39(2):149-151
117. Mutabagani KH, Teich S, Long FR. Primary intrathoracic gastric volvulus in a newborn. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34(12):1869 -1871
118. Nadkarni SV, Srinivasan M, Gowda HD, Patkar MG. Acute volvulus of the stomach. J Indian Med Assoc. 1969;52(2):76-77
119. Nagdeve NG, Sarin YK. Volvulus complicating dextrogastria in an infant. Indian Pediatr. 2007;44(2):142-144
120. Nakada K, Kawaguchi F, Wakisaka M, Nakada M, Enami T, Yamate N. Digestive tract disorders associated with asplenia/polysplenia syndrome. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32(1):91-94
121. Narasimharao KL, Mukherjee B, Yadav K, Katariya S, Pathak IC. Gastric volvulus. Indian Pediatr. 1984;21(7):575-576
122. Narasimharao KL, Sabharwal A, D'Cruz AJ, Narasimhan KL, Bal RK, Mitra SK. Gastric volvulus. Indian Pediatr. 1987;24(5): 430-432
123. Odaka A, Shimomura K, Fujioka M, et al. Laparoscopic gastropexy for acute gastric volvulus: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 1999;34(3):477-478
124. Ogilvy-Stuart AL, Parsons AC. Miller syndrome (postaxial acrofacial dysostosis): further evidence for autosomal recessive inheritance and expansion of the phenotype. J Med Genet. 1991;28(10):695-700
125. Ogunbiyi OA. Gastric volvulus: more common than previously thought? Afr J Med Med Sci. 1994;23(4):379-384
126. Oǧuzkurt P, Senocak ME, Hiçsönmez A. A rare coexistence of two gastric outlet obstructive lesions: infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and organoaxial gastric volvulus. Turk J Pediatr. 2000;42(1):87-89
127. Oh A, Gulati G, Sherman ML, Golub R, Kutin N. Bilateral eventration of the diaphragm with perforated gastric volvulus in an adolescent. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(12):1824-1826
128. Okada K, Miyako M, Honma S, Wakabayashi Y, Sugihara S, Osawa M. Discharge diagnoses in infants with apparent life-threatening event. Pediatr Int. 2003;45(5):560-563
129. Oliver MJ, Wilson AR, Kapila L. Acute pancreatitis and gastric volvulus occurring in a congenital diaphragmatic hernia. J Pediatr Surg. 1990;25(12):1240-1241
130. Osime U, Okonkwo CE, Duze A, Eruaga M. Gastric volvulus in Nigerians: report of 3 cases. Ethiop Med J. 1987;25(1):45-48
131. Ozbey H, Salman T. Gastric volvulus in an 18-month-old girl. Eur J Pediatr. 1998;157(11):951
132. Paret G, Yahav J, Cohen O, Nass DS, Barzilay Z. Varicella and perforation of the stomach. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1990;10(1):121-125
133. Park WH, Choi SO, Suh SJ. Pediatric gastric volvulus: experience with 7 cases. J Korean Med Sci. 1992;7(3):258 -263
134. Patel NM. Chronic gastric volvulus: report of a case and review of literature. Am J Gastroenterol. 1985;80(3):170 -173
135. Pelizzo G, Lembo MA, Franchella A, Giombi A, D'Agostino F, Sala S. Gastric volvulus associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, wandering spleen, and intrathoracic left kidney: CT findings. Abdom Imaging. 2001;26(3):306-308
136. Proano C. CA: a case of gastric volvulus in a child. J Int Coll Surg. 1956;26(1 pt 1):19 -31
137. Qazi A, Awadalla S. Wandering spleen: a rare cause of mes-enteroaxial gastric volvulus. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;20(11-12):878-880
138. Ramamurthi RJ, Tatman A. Acute gastric distension: a lesson from the classics. Hosp Med. 2001;62(3):187
139. Ratan SK, Grover SB. Acute idiopathic mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus in a child. Trop Gastroenterol. 2000;21(3):133-134
140. Rawat J, Rashid KA, Sinha SK, Singh S, Parihar D. Congenital paraesophageal hiatal hernia with intrathoracic gastric volvulus in an infant: a case report with radiographic sequence. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24(4):467-470
141. Reddy ER, Onyett H, Fitzgerald GW. Gastric torsion. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1989;40(1):47-48
142. Rees JE, Robertson S, McNinch AW. Congenital paraoesophageal hiatus hernia: an interesting family history. Emerg Med J. 2004;21(6):749 -750
143. Rhinehart DA. Concerning stomachs that are upside down. South Med J. 1936;29(2):139 -142
144. Rimsza ME, Pohl J, Duke C. Index of suspicion: case 2. Diagnosis: gastric volvulus. Pediatr Rev. 1998;19(11):385, 387
145. Samuel M, Burge DM, Griffiths DM. Gastric volvulus and associated gastrooesophageal reflux. Arch Dis Child. 1995;73(5):462-464
146. Samujh R, Kumar D, Rao KL. Paraesophageal hernia in the neonatal period: suspicion on chest x-ray. Indian Pediatr. 2004;41(2):189 -191
147. Satyanand Aranya RC, Rehman M, Ayyar RD. Volvulus of stomach. Surg J Delhi. 1969;5(1):1-8
148. Sawaguchi S, Ohkawa H, Kemmotsu H, Akiyama H, Nakajo T, Kitamura T. Idiopathic gastric volvulus in infancy and childhood. Z Kinderchir. 1981;32(3):218 -223
149. Saxena AK, van Tuil C, Groszek-Terwei I, Willital GH. Torsion of a wandering spleen with stomach volvulus and nonrotation: extraperitoneal pocket splenopexy. Surgery. 2005;137(2):265
150. Schindler AM, Widzer SJ. Persistent jaundice and failure to thrive. Hosp Pract (Off Ed). 1986;21(8):22-24
151. Schleef J, von Bismarck S. An easy method for laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous anterior gastropexy. Surg Endosc. 2000;14(10):964 -965
152. Senocak ME, Büyükpamukcu N, Hiçsönmez A. Chronic gastric volvulus in children: a ten-year experience. Z Kinderchir. 1990;45(3):159 -163
153. Senocak ME, Büyükpamukcu N, Hiçsönmez A. Massive paraesophageal hiatus hernia containing colon and stomach with organo-axial volvulus in a child. Turk J Pediatr. 1990;32(1): 53-58
154. Shah A, Shah AV. Laparoscopic gastropexy in a neonate for acute gastric volvulus. Pediatr Surg Int. 2003;19(3):217-219
155. Shaoul R, Toubi A. A case of an upside-down stomach. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006;43(5):698
156. Sharma S, Gopal SC. Gastric volvulus with perforation in association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Indian J Pediatr. 2004;71(10):948
157. Siegel MJ, Shackelford GD, McAlister WH. Left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: delayed presentation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1981;137(1):43-46
158. Sookpotarom P, Vejchapipat P, Chongsrisawat V, Mahayosnond A. Gastric volvulus caused by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 2005;40(9):e21-e23
159. Spector JM, Chappell J. Gastric volvulus associated with wandering spleen in a child. J Pediatr Surg. 2000;35(4):641-642
160. Starshak RJ, Sty JR. Diaphragmatic defects with gastric volvulus in the neonate. Wis Med J. 1983;82(3):28 -31
161. Stephenson RH, Hopkins WA. Volvulus of the stomach complicating eventration of the diaphragm: report of a case. Am J Gastroenterol. 1964;41:225-234
162. Stiefel D, Willi UV, Sacher P, Schwobel MG, Stauffer UG. Pitfalls in therapy of upside-down stomach. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2000;10(3):162-166
163. Swischuk LE. Vomiting blood for three days. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1994;10(4):241-243
164. Talukder BC. Obstructing volvulus of stomach in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an infant. Indian J Surgery. 1973;35(9):467-468
165. Talukder BC. Gastric volvulus with perforation of stomach in congenital diaphragmatic hernia in an infant. J Indian Med Assoc. 1979;73(12):219-221
166. Taneja S, Kakar A, Ayyar RD. Volvulus of the stomach in childhood. Indian J Surg. 1977;39(12):694 -696
167. Tanner NC. Chronic and recurrent volvulus of the stomach with late results of "colonic displacement." Am J Surg. 1968; 115(4):505-515
168. Tashjian DB, Moriarty KP. Re: "Gastric volvulus associated with wandering spleen in a child." J Pediatr Surg. 2001;36(9):1468
169. Trinh TD, Benson JE. Fluoroscopic diagnosis of complications after Nissen antireflux fundoplication in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;169(4):1023-1028
170. Uc A, Kao SC, Sanders KD, Lawrence J. Gastric volvulus and wandering spleen. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;93(7):1146-1148
171. Vargava SK, Nigam SK. Volvulus of stomach: report of case. Indian Pediatr. 1966;3(5):190-192
172. Wan YG, Yu LY. Volvulus of the stomach successfully treated with acupuncture report of 9 cases. J Tradit Chin Med. 1981;1(1):39 - 42
173. Wang HS, Hung HY, Lee HC, Hsu CH, Yeung CY. Clinical experience with gastric volvulus in early infancy. Clin Neonatol. 2001;8(1):18-21
174. Wayne ER, Campbell JB, Burrington JD, Davis WS. Eventration of the diaphragm. J Pediatr Surg. 1974;9(5):643-651
175. Weiss F, Dwyer JC. Torsion of the stomach in the newborn: report of a case. J Int Coll Surg. 1952;18(1):89-91
176. Wheatley MJ, Coran AG, Wesley JR, Oldham KT, Turnage RH. Redo fundoplication in infants and children with recurrent gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr Surg. 1991;26(7):758-761
177. Whiting S. Weeks of anguish are cleared up in one flip of this baby's stomach. San Francisco Chronicle Magazine. 2007 Jan 7:6-7
178. Yadav K, Myers NA. Paraesophageal hernia in the neonatal period: another differential diagnosis of esophageal atresia. Pediatr Surg Int. 1997;12(5-6):420-421
179. Yang CY, Lin MT, Wu MH, et al. Acute gastric volvulus in a child with asplenia syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2004;46(4):471-473
180. Yang HJ, Min TK, Ryu HO, Pyun BY. CR4/112: congenital isolated tracheal stenosis with organoaxial gastric volvulus. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2006;7(suppl 1):S326-S327
181. Yen JB, Kong MS. Gastric outlet obstruction in pediatric patients. Chang Gung Med J. 2006;29(4):401-405
182. Ziprkowski MN, Teele RL. Gastric volvulus in childhood. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1979;132(6):921-925
183. Zivkovic SM. Sutureless "button and hole" splenopexy. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998;13(2-3):220-222
184. Morales García D, Rodríguez Sanjuán JC, Casado Martín F, Naranjo Gómez A. Stomach volvulus in a female patient with chondrodysplasia punctata [in Spanish]. Cir Pediatr. 1994;7(3):143-145
185. Lopasso FP, de Mello JB, Garrido AB, Rodrigues JJ, Raia A. Gastric volvulus: considerations on 22 cases. AMB Rev Assoc Med Bras. 1981;27(4):121-126
186. Youssef SA, Di Lorenzo M, Yazbeck S, Ducharme JC. Gastric volvulus in children. Chir Pediatr. 1987;28(1):39-42