메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2006, Pages 275-316

The social and psychological impact of radiological terrorism

(1)  Khripunov, Igor a  

a NONE

Author keywords

All hazards approach; Dirty bomb; Post traumatic stress disorder; Radiological; Radiophobia; Resilience; Risk perception; Terrorism

Indexed keywords


EID: 51649106161     PISSN: 10736700     EISSN: 17461766     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10736700601012110     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (9)

References (119)
  • 4
    • 85023656293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
    • Morten Bremer Maerli, Crude Nukes on the Loose, Paper No. 664, (Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 2004)
    • (2004) Crude Nukes on the Loose, Paper , vol.664
    • Maerli, M.B.1
  • 5
    • 0344340146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commercial Radioactive Sources: Surveying the Security Risks
    • Charles Ferguson, Tahseen Kazi, and Judith Perera, “Commercial Radioactive Sources: Surveying the Security Risks,” CNS Occasional Papers No. 11 (Jan 2003).
    • (2003) CNS Occasional Papers No , vol.11
    • Ferguson, C.1    Kazi, T.2    Perera, J.3
  • 6
    • 0003276832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological Effects of Radiation Catastrophes
    • Leif Peterson and Seymour Abrahamson, eds., Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press
    • Evelyn Bromet, “Psychological Effects of Radiation Catastrophes,” in Leif Peterson and Seymour Abrahamson, eds., Effect of Ionizing Radiation: Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Children (1945-1995) (Washington, DC: Joseph Henry Press, 1998), p. 283.
    • (1998) Effect of Ionizing Radiation: Atomic Bomb Survivors and Their Children (1945-1995) , pp. 283
    • Bromet, E.1
  • 10
    • 85023650156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islamists Will Set Off Dirty Bomb, Spy Bosses Believe
    • June 25
    • Sean Rayment, “Islamists Will Set Off Dirty Bomb, Spy Bosses Believe,” Daily Telegraph June 25, 2006,
    • (2006) Daily Telegraph
    • Rayment, S.1
  • 11
    • 84928221059 scopus 로고
    • Radiological Warfare: The Path Not Taken
    • Aug
    • Barton Bernstein, “Radiological Warfare: The Path Not Taken,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 41 (Aug. 1985), pp. 44-49
    • (1985) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , vol.41 , pp. 44-49
    • Bernstein, B.1
  • 12
    • 0242528357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiological Dispersal Devices: Assessing the Transnational Threat
    • March
    • James Ford, “Radiological Dispersal Devices: Assessing the Transnational Threat,”Strategic Forum 136 (March 1998),
    • (1998) Strategic Forum , vol.136
    • Ford, J.1
  • 14
    • 85023663296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiobiology Research Institute
    • 2nd ed
    • U.S. Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Medical Management of Radiological Casualties, 2nd ed, April 2003, p. 47,
    • (2003) Medical Management of Radiological Casualties , pp. 47
  • 15
    • 85023728909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wikipedia Web Site
    • U.S. Armed Forces ‘Salted Bomb,” Wikipedia Web Site,
    • Salted Bomb
  • 16
    • 85023684690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Do We Worry About Trace Poisons
    • Allan Mazur, “Why Do We Worry About Trace Poisons?” Franklin Pierce Law Center Web Site, p. 3,
    • Franklin Pierce Law Center , pp. 3
    • Mazur, A.1
  • 17
    • 85023722860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Not with a Whimper: Visions of Mass Destruction in Fiction and Film
    • Richard Pells, “Not with a Whimper: Visions of Mass Destruction in Fiction and Film,” eJournalUSA, March 2005,
    • (2005) Ejournalusa
    • Pells, R.1
  • 24
    • 85023657736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecretary General Congratulates Atomic Radiation Committee on 50th Anniversary
    • May 20
    • Dept of Public Information “Secretary General Congratulates Atomic Radiation Committee on 50th Anniversary,” UN, New York, SG/SM/10486, May 20, 2006.
    • (2006) UN, New York, SG/SM/10486
  • 25
    • 34250691885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Rational Response to Dirty Bombs
    • http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?program_/CORE&ctype_/article&item_id_/334 June 11
    • Jessica Stern, “A Rational Response to Dirty Bombs,” Financial Times, June 11, 2002, http://bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/publication.cfm?program=CORE&ctype=article&item_id=334.
    • (2002) Financial Times
    • Stern, J.1
  • 27
    • 85023709075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How to Build a Nuclear Bomb
    • New York: Nation Books
    • Frank Barnaby, How to Build a Nuclear Bomb: And Other Weapons of Mass Destruction (New York: Nation Books, 2004), pp. 13, 38-41
    • (2004) And Other Weapons of Mass Destruction
    • Barnaby, F.1
  • 29
    • 0036827040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weapons of Mass Disruption
    • Nov
    • Michael Levi and Henry Kelly, “Weapons of Mass Disruption,” Scientific American (Nov. 2002), pp. 77-88
    • (2002) Scientific American , pp. 77-88
    • Levi, M.1    Kelly, H.2
  • 32
    • 85023652974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuclear Nonproliferation: U.S. and International Assistance Efforts to Control Sealed Radioactive Sources Need Strengthening
    • GAO-03-638
    • U.S. Government Accountability Office, “Nuclear Nonproliferation: U.S. and International Assistance Efforts to Control Sealed Radioactive Sources Need Strengthening,” Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Affairs, U.S. Senate, May 2003, GAO-03-638
    • (2003) Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Affairs, U.S. Senate
  • 33
    • 85023660813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serious Environmental Risks Can Accompany Catastrophes
    • Aug 8
    • Meg Fletcher, “Serious Environmental Risks Can Accompany Catastrophes,” Business Insurance, Aug 8, 2005
    • (2005) Business Insurance
    • Fletcher, M.1
  • 34
    • 70350183678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and Security of Commercial Nuclear Fuel Storage
    • Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • National Research Council, Safety and Security of Commercial Nuclear Fuel Storage, Public Report (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005), p. 6
    • (2005) Public Report , pp. 6
  • 35
    • 85023687810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • We Plant Bomb on Nuclear Train
    • July 21
    • Tom Perry, “We Plant Bomb on Nuclear Train,” Daily Mirror, July 21, 2006
    • (2006) Daily Mirror
    • Perry, T.1
  • 38
    • 85023716578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiological Dispersal Devices
    • Washington, DC: Congressional Research ServiceDec 7
    • Dana Shea, Radiological Dispersal Devices: Select Issues in Consequence Management (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, Dec 7, 2004), pp. 3-4
    • (2004) Select Issues in Consequence Management , pp. 3-4
    • Shea, D.1
  • 39
    • 85023730420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More Drug Makers Are Losing Patience Over Bioshield Funds
    • Feb 17
    • Peter Benesh, “More Drug Makers Are Losing Patience Over Bioshield Funds,” Investor’s Business Daily, Feb 17, 2006.
    • (2006) Investor’s Business Daily
    • Benesh, P.1
  • 40
    • 33645302120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Integrated Physical Dispersion and Behavioral Response Model for Risk Assessment of Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) Events,”
    • Matthew Dombroski and Paul Fischbeck, “An Integrated Physical Dispersion and Behavioral Response Model for Risk Assessment of Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD) Events,” Risk Analysis 26 (2006), pp. 501-514.
    • (2006) Risk Analysis , vol.26 , pp. 501-514
    • Dombroski, M.1    Fischbeck, P.2
  • 42
    • 0002795580 scopus 로고
    • Facts and Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk
    • R. C. Schwing and W. A. Albes, eds, New York: Plenum Press
    • P. Slovic, B. Fischerhoft, and S. Lichtenstein, “Facts and Fears: Understanding Perceived Risk,” in R. C. Schwing and W. A. Albes, eds., Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe Is Safe Enough? (New York: Plenum Press, 1980), pp. 181-216.
    • (1980) Societal Risk Assessment: How Safe is Safe Enough , pp. 181-216
    • Slovic, P.1    Fischerhoft, B.2    Lichtenstein, S.3
  • 43
    • 0003926805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • London/Sterling, VA: Earthscan
    • Paul Slovic, The Perception of Risk (London/Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2000), p. 228
    • (2000) The Perception of Risk , pp. 228
    • Slovic, P.1
  • 46
    • 85023729833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerberus to Mind: Media as Sentinel in the Fight Against Terrorism
    • Randall Bowdish, “Cerberus to Mind: Media as Sentinel in the Fight Against Terrorism,” Strategic Insights 5 (May 2006),
    • (2006) Strategic Insights , vol.5
    • Bowdish, R.1
  • 52
    • 85023673902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council, Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
    • Washington, DC: National Academies Press
    • Board on Radiation Effects Research, National Research Council, Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR 7/Phase 2 (Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005)
    • (2005) BEIR 7/Phase 2
  • 54
    • 85023691493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Even after Dirty Bomb Exposure, Residents Might Be Allowed Back In
    • Matthew Wald, “Even after Dirty Bomb Exposure, Residents Might Be Allowed Back In,” New York Times, Jan. 5, 2006, p. A15.
    • (2006) New York Times, Jan , vol.5 , pp. A15
    • Wald, M.1
  • 55
    • 85023736790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pompeii of the Nuclear Age
    • April 17
    • Walter Mayr, “The Pompeii of the Nuclear Age,” Spiegel Outline (April 17, 2006),
    • (2006) Spiegel Outline
    • Mayr, W.1
  • 56
    • 85023685514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questions from the Alienation Zone
    • Nov 3
    • Mary Mycio, “Questions from the Alienation Zone,” Kyiv Post, Nov 3, 2005
    • (2005) Kyiv Post
    • Mycio, M.1
  • 57
    • 85023655369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Don’t Trust the IAEA on Chernobyl
    • Dec 15
    • Alexander Kuzma, “Don’t Trust the IAEA on Chernobyl,” Kyiv Post, Dec 15, 2005.
    • (2005) Kyiv Post
    • Kuzma, A.1
  • 58
    • 33749152668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Other Report on Chernobyl (TORCH)
    • commissioned by Rebecca Harms, in the European Parliament, Berlin, Brussels, Kiev
    • Ian Fairlie and David Sumner, “The Other Report on Chernobyl (TORCH),” commissioned by Rebecca Harms, MEP, Greens/EFA, in the European Parliament, Berlin, Brussels, Kiev, April 2006
    • (2006) MEP, Greens/Efa
    • Fairlie, I.1    Sumner, D.2
  • 60
    • 85023667662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services
    • Washington, DC
    • U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Mental Health Services, Mental Health Response to Mass Violence and Terrorism (Washington, DC, 2004), pp. 57-58.
    • (2004) Mental Health Response to Mass Violence and Terrorism , pp. 57-58
  • 61
    • 84966818689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Limitations of Risk Management in Dealing with Disaster and Building Social Resilience
    • Bill Durodie, “The Limitations of Risk Management in Dealing with Disaster and Building Social Resilience,” Politik 8 (March 2005), pp. 14-21
    • (2005) Politik , vol.8 , pp. 14-21
    • Durodie, B.1
  • 63
    • 85023667365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terror Threat Levels to Be Made Public
    • July 10
    • Vivienne Morgan, “Terror Threat Levels to Be Made Public,” Press Association Newsfile, July 10, 2006
    • (2006) Press Association Newsfile
    • Morgan, V.1
  • 65
    • 33645290817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why People Believe They Were Exposed to Biological or Chemical Warfare: A Survey of Gulf War Veterans
    • Noel Brewer, Sarah Lillie, and William Hallman, “Why People Believe They Were Exposed to Biological or Chemical Warfare: A Survey of Gulf War Veterans,” Risk Analysis 26 (2006), pp. 337-345
    • (2006) Risk Analysis , vol.26 , pp. 337-345
    • Brewer, N.1    Lillie, S.2    Hallman, W.3
  • 66
    • 85023717336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WMD Terrorism: Sum of All Fears Does Not Always Add Up
    • Oct 29
    • Charles Hanley, “WMD Terrorism: Sum of All Fears Does Not Always Add Up,” USA Today, Oct 29, 2005
    • (2005) USA Today
    • Hanley, C.1
  • 68
    • 85023677384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Attitudes Hold Steady in the Face of Foreign Crises
    • Aug 17
    • Ana Maria Arumi and Scott Bittle “American Attitudes Hold Steady in the Face of Foreign Crises,” Pew Research Center, Aug 17, 2006, pp. 4, 12.
    • (2006) Pew Research Center
    • Arumi, A.M.1    Bittle, S.2
  • 73
    • 16844372700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparedness and Response to Terrorism: A Framework for Public Health Action
    • Feb
    • Rosa Gofin, “Preparedness and Response to Terrorism: A Framework for Public Health Action,” European Journal of Public Health 15 (Feb. 2005), pp. 100-104
    • (2005) European Journal of Public Health , vol.15 , pp. 100-104
    • Gofin, R.1
  • 74
    • 0002875843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to Catastrophic Violence and Disaster in Childhood
    • Cynthia R. Pfeffer, ed., Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press
    • R.S. Pynoos, “Exposure to Catastrophic Violence and Disaster in Childhood,” in Cynthia R. Pfeffer, ed., Severe Stress and Mental Disturbance in Children (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996), pp. 181-208
    • (1996) Severe Stress and Mental Disturbance in Children , pp. 181-208
    • Pynoos, R.S.1
  • 75
    • 85023651299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office
    • National Institute of Mental Health, Mass Violence: Evidence Based Early Psychological Intervention for Victims/Survivors of Mass Violence: A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices, NIH Publication 02-5138 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2002)
    • (2002) A Workshop to Reach Consensus on Best Practices, NIH Publication 02-5138
  • 79
    • 0037079331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience or Panic? The Public and Terrorist Attack
    • Bill Durodie and Simon Wessely, “Resilience or Panic? The Public and Terrorist Attack,” Lancet 360 (2002), pp. 1901-1902
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 1901-1902
    • Durodie, B.1    Wessely, S.2
  • 82
    • 85023654476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chernobyl’s Lesson
    • June 2
    • Carlos Pascual, “Chernobyl’s Lesson,” Washington Post, June 2, 2006
    • (2006) Washington Post
    • Pascual, C.1
  • 86
    • 85023690297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study: 9/11 Escapees Have Health Problems
    • April 7
    • Amy Westfeldt, “Study: 9/11 Escapees Have Health Problems,” Associated Press, April 7, 2006
    • (2006) Associated Press
    • Westfeldt, A.1
  • 88
    • 0002136987 scopus 로고
    • Perception vs. Reality of Radiological Impact: The Goiania Model
    • J.S. Petterson, “Perception vs. Reality of Radiological Impact: The Goiania Model,” Nuclear News 31 (1988), pp. 84-90.
    • (1988) Nuclear News , vol.31 , pp. 84-90
    • Petterson, J.S.1
  • 90
    • 0002136987 scopus 로고
    • Perception vs. Reality of Radiological Impact: The Goiania Model
    • J.S. Petterson, “Perception vs. Reality of Radiological Impact: The Goiania Model,” Nuclear News 31 (1988), pp. 84-90
    • (1988) Nuclear News , vol.31 , pp. 84-90
    • Petterson, J.S.1
  • 93
    • 77956466147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of the Psychiatric Emergency Service in Disaster
    • April 1
    • Anthony Ng, “The Role of the Psychiatric Emergency Service in Disaster,” Psychiatric Times, April 1, 2006
    • (2006) Psychiatric Times
    • Ng, A.1
  • 94
    • 84904351161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terrorism and Domestic Response: Can DOD Help Get It Right
    • Donald Thompson, “Terrorism and Domestic Response: Can DOD Help Get It Right?” Joint Force Quarterly 40 (April 2006)
    • (2006) Joint Force Quarterly , vol.40
    • Thompson, D.1
  • 95
    • 77449130660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of Individuals and Groups to Consequences of Technological Disasters and Radiation Exposure
    • Robert Ursano, Carol Fullerton, and Ann Norwood, eds, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
    • Lars Weisaeth and Arnfinn Tonnessen, “Responses of Individuals and Groups to Consequences of Technological Disasters and Radiation Exposure,” in Robert Ursano, Carol Fullerton, and Ann Norwood, eds., Terrorism and Disaster (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 209-215.
    • (2003) Terrorism and Disaster , pp. 209-215
    • Weisaeth, L.1    Tonnessen, A.2
  • 97
    • 33646349983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tell It Like It Is: 7 Lessons from TMI
    • Peter Sandman, “Tell It Like It Is: 7 Lessons from TMI,” IAEA Bulletin 47 (2006)
    • (2006) IAEA Bulletin , vol.47
    • Sandman, P.1
  • 99
    • 33645291238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire: Behavioral Reactions to Terrorist Attacks
    • Gerd Gigerenzer, “Out of the Frying Pan into the Fire: Behavioral Reactions to Terrorist Attacks,” Risk Analysis 26 (2006), p. 348.
    • (2006) Risk Analysis , vol.26 , pp. 348
    • Gigerenzer, G.1
  • 101
    • 85023685582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis: When a Rumor Is as Good as a Bomb
    • Nov 11
    • Robert Coalson, “Analysis: When a Rumor Is as Good as a Bomb,” Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, Nov 11, 2004
    • (2004) Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty
    • Coalson, R.1
  • 102
    • 85023709569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs Web Site
    • July 20
    • National Center for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, U.S. Dept. of Veterans Affairs Web Site, “What Is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder?” , July 20, 2006
    • (2006) What is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
  • 106
    • 55449107206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three Mile Island: Health Study Meltdown
    • Joseph Mangano, “Three Mile Island: Health Study Meltdown,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (Oct. 2004), pp. 30-35.
    • (2004) Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , pp. 30-35
    • Mangano, J.1
  • 107
    • 27944456728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three Mile Island
    • Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press
    • Samuel Walker, Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective (Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004)
    • (2004) A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective
    • Walker, S.1
  • 108
    • 0031836107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health Economics and Cost Implications of Anxiety and Other Mental Disorders in the United States
    • D.P. Rice and L.S. Miller, “Health Economics and Cost Implications of Anxiety and Other Mental Disorders in the United States,” British Journal of Psychiatry 34 (1998), pp. 4-9
    • (1998) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.34 , pp. 4-9
    • Rice, D.P.1    Miller, L.S.2
  • 111
    • 77949695454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disasters and Communities: Vulnerability, Resilience and Preparedness
    • Douglas Paton and David Johnson, “Disasters and Communities: Vulnerability, Resilience and Preparedness,” Disaster Prevention and Management 10 (2001), pp. 273-275
    • (2001) Disaster Prevention and Management , vol.10 , pp. 273-275
    • Paton, D.1    Johnson, D.2
  • 112
    • 85023669469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spirituality in the Face of Terrorist Disaster
    • Leon Schein, Henry Spitz, Gary Burlingame, and Philip Muskin, eds., New York/London/Oxford: Haworth Press
    • Kent Drescher, “Spirituality in the Face of Terrorist Disaster,” in Leon Schein, Henry Spitz, Gary Burlingame, and Philip Muskin, eds., Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters: Group Approaches to Treatment (New York/London/Oxford: Haworth Press, 2005), pp. 344-345.
    • (2005) Psychological Effects of Catastrophic Disasters: Group Approaches to Treatment , pp. 344-345
    • Drescher, K.1
  • 113
    • 18844388974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worst-Case Thinking: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
    • Lee Clarke, “Worst-Case Thinking: An Idea Whose Time Has Come,” Natural Hazards Observer 29 (Jan. 2005), pp. 1-3
    • (2005) Natural Hazards Observer , vol.29 , pp. 1-3
    • Clarke, L.1
  • 114
    • 33744457436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing Community Resilience as a Foundation for Effective Disaster Recovery
    • Eve Coles and Philip Buckle, “Developing Community Resilience as a Foundation for Effective Disaster Recovery,” Australian Journal of Emergency Management 13 (Nov 2004), p.9.
    • (2004) Australian Journal of Emergency Management , vol.13 , pp. 9
    • Coles, E.1    Buckle, P.2
  • 116
    • 85023671439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Germans Hold Two Suspected of Dirty Bomb Plot
    • Jan 24
    • Ben Aris, “Germans Hold Two Suspected of Dirty Bomb Plot,” Guardian, Jan 24, 2005,
    • (2005) Guardian
    • Aris, B.1
  • 119
    • 85023651540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuke Nightmare
    • Feb 25
    • Marvin Olasky, “Nuke Nightmare,” World Magazine, Feb 25, 2006,
    • (2006) World Magazine
    • Olasky, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.