Ophthalmic manifestations of HIV infections in India in the era of HAART: Analysis of 100 consecutive patients evaluated at a tertiary eye care center in India

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

Volumn 15, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 264-271

  Gharai, Sujit ^a   Venkatesh, Pradeep ^a   Garg, Satpal ^a   Sharma, S K ^a   Vohra, Rajpal ^a  

^a ALL INDIA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

AIDS; ARN; CMV retinitis; Cryptococcus; HIV; Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Immuno deficiency; Initial manifestations of HIV; Microangiopathy; Ocular manifestations; Ophtalmic manifestation; Tubercular choriditis; Tuberculosis; Vasculopathy

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ADULT; ARTICLE; CATARACT; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHOROIDITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORNEA DISEASE; CORNEA ULCER; EYE CARE; EYE DISEASE; EYE EXAMINATION; FEMALE; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INDIA; KERATOUVEITIS; LYMPHADENOPATHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RETINA DETACHMENT; RETINA NECROSIS; RETINITIS; SEX RATIO; TERTIARY HEALTH CARE; UVEA DISEASE; UVEITIS; VASCULAR DISEASE; VISUAL ACUITY;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AIDS-RELATED OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EYE INFECTIONS, VIRAL; FEMALE; HOSPITALS, SPECIAL; HUMANS; INDIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OPHTHALMOLOGY; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 51549114707     PISSN: 09286586     EISSN: 17445086     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09286580802077716     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Gottlieb MS, Schroff R, Schanker HM, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and mucosal candidiasis in previously healthy homosexual men: Evidence of a new acquired cellular immunodeficiency. N. Engl J Med. 1981;305:1425-31.
2. Masur H,Michelis MA, Green JB, et al. An outbreak of community-acquired Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: Initial manifestation of cellular immune dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 1981;305:1431-8.
3. Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC. The etiologic agent of AIDS. Mt. Sinai J Med. 1986;53:598-608.
4. Safai B, Sarnagadharan MG, Groopman JE, Arnett K, et al. Seroepidemiological studies of human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type III in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Lancet. 1984;1:1438-40.
5. Simoes EAF, Babu PG, John TJ, et al. Evidence of HTLV III infection in prostitutes in India. Ind J Med Res. 1987;87:335-38
6. World Health Organization. AIDS Epidemic Update. December 2005, p.7. Geneva: WHO.
7. National AIDS Control Organization. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Annual Report, 2002-2004. Mumbai: National AIDS Control Organization.
8. World Health Organization, "Fact Sheet, Asia." 21 November 2005. Geneva: WHO.
9. Hodge WG, Seiff SR, Margolis TP. Ocular opportunistic infection incidences among patients who are HIV positive compared to patients who are HIV negative. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:895-900.
10. Biswas J, Madhavan HN, Badrinath SS. Ocular lesions in AIDS: A report of first two cases in India. Ind J Ophthalmol. 1995;43:69-72.
11. Biswas J, Joseph A, Raizada S et al. Ophthalmic manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in India. Ind J Ophthalmol. 1999;47:87-93
12. Biswas J, Madhavan HN, George AE et al. Ocular lesions associated with HIV Infection. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129: 9-11.
13. International Programs Center, Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau, HIV/AIDS. Surveillance Data Base. HIV/AIDS Profile: India. June 2000. Washington, DC: US Census Bureau.
14. National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Annual Report, 2002-2003, 2003-2004. Mumbai: National AIDS Control Organization.
15. National AIDS Control Organization, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. Programme Implementation Guidelines for Phased Scale Up of Access to Antiretroviral Therapy for People Living with HIV/AIDS. Mumbai: NACO.
16. Comprehensive Management Training Programme for Service Providers in Eye Care. http://www.vision2020india.org/orbiscourse/about programme.asp.
17. Sato PA, Maskill WJ, Tamashiro H, et al. Strategies for laboratory HIV testing: An examination of alternative approaches not requiring Western blot. Bull WHO. 1994;72(1):129-34.
18. Tamashiro H, Maskill WJ, Emmanuel J, et al. Reducing the cost of HIV antibody testing. Lancet. 1993;342(8863):87-90.
19. Anon. Recommendation for the selection and use of HIV antibody tests. WHO Weekly Epidemiol. 1992;20:145-49.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 Revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. MMWR. 1992;41(RR-17):1-19.
21. Vrabec TR. Posterior segment manifestations of HIV/AIDS. Surv Ophthalmol. 2004;49;131-157.
22. Jabs DA. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1995;93: 623-683.
23. Tay Kearne ML, Jabs DA. Ophthalmic complications of HIV infection. Med Clin North Am. 1996;80: 1471-92
24. Bloom JN, Palestine AG. The diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus retinitis. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109:963-969.
25. Karavellas MP, Song M, Macdonald JC, et al. Long term posterior and anterior segment complications of immune recovery uveitis associated with cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:57-64.
26. Nguyen QD, Kempman JH, Bolton SG, et al. Immune recovery uveitis in patients with AIDS and cytomegalovirus retinitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;129:634-9
27. Holland GN. Immune recovery uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 1999;7:215-21.
28. Kuppermann BD, Holland GN. Immune recovery uveitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000;130:103-106
29. Holland GN. Standard diagnostic criteria for criteria the acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Executive Committee of the American Uveitis Society. Am J Ophthalmol. 1994;117:663-67.
30. Sharma PM, Singh R, Kumar A, et al. Choroidal tubercoloma in milliary tuberculosis. Retina. 2003;23:101-104.
31. Boldi BA, Jhonson MW, Mcleish SM, et al. Presumed choroidal tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;118:605-607.
32. Alekseev BN, Sibai SA. Definition of the term "complicated cataracts". Vestn Oftalmol. 1996;112(4):26-7.
33. Holladay JT, Prager TC. Mean visual acuity. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;111:372-4.
34. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM., Moorman AC, et al. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators: Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853-60.
35. Jabs DA, Van Natta ML, Kempen JH, et al. Characteristics of patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;133:48-61.
36. Whiteman M, Espinoza L, Post MJ, Bell MD, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: Clinical and radiographic findings. Am J Neuroradiol. 1995;16:1319-27.
37. Mwanza JC, Nyamabo L K, Tylleskär T, et al. Neuro-ophthalmological disorders in HIV infected subjects with neurological manifestations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004;88:1455-59.
38. Kossorotoff M, Touzé E, Godon-Hardy S, et al. Cerebral vasculopathy with aneurysm formation in HIV-infected young adults. Neurology. 2006;66:1121-22.
39. Brian HR, Laura M, Mark J, et al. Identification of HIV and Hepatitis C infected patients in a northern, urban emergency department. Acad Emerg Med. 2000;7:578.
40. Brown MM, Thompson A, Goh BT, et al. Bell's palsy and HIV infection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988;51:425.
41. Sartoretti-Schefer S, Wichmann W, and Valavanis A. Idiopathic, herpetic, and HIV-associated facial nerve palsies: Abnormal MR enhancement patterns. Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:479.
42. Chen C, Malhotra R, Muecke J, et al. Aberrant facial nerve regeneration (AFR): An under-recognized cause of ptosis. Eye. 2004;18:159-162.
43. Friedman DI. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurol Clin. 1991;9:55-72.
44. Sandor E, Milman A, Croxson TS, et al. Herpes zoster opthalmicus in patients at risk for the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS).Am J Opthalmol. 1986;101:153.
45. Kaufman H. Epithelial erosion syndrome: Metaherpetic keratits. Am J Ophthalmol. 1964;57:983.
46. Spraul WC, Grossnikalaus HE. Vitreous hemorrhage. Surv Ophthalmol. 1997;42:3-39.
47. Susan L, Paul C. HIV and AIDS and the eye in developing countries. Arch Ophthalmol. 1997;115:1291-95
48. Awan HR, Adala HS. Ophthalmic manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Kenya Ophthal Pract. 1996;2:92-102.
49. Jacobson MA, Schrier R, McCune JM, et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4+ T lymphocyte immune function in long-term survivors of AIDS-related CMV end-organ disease who are receiving potent antiretroviral therapy. J Infect Dis .2001; 183:1399-404.
50. Komanduri KV, Feinberg J, Hutchins RK, et al. Loss of cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cell responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with high CD4+ T cell counts and recurrent retinitis. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:1285-9.
51. Accorinti M, Pirraglia MP, Corradi R, et al. Changing patterns of ocular manifestations in HIV seropositive patients treated with HAART. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2006;16:728-32.
52. Pathni AK, Chauhan LS. HIV/TB in India: A public health challenge. J Ind Med Assoc. 2003;101:148-9.
53. Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T. HIV-TB co-infection: Epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res. 2005;121:550-67.
54. Jabs DA.AIDS and Ophthalmolgy in 2004. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:1040-42.
55. Vajpayee M, Malhotra N, Seth P, et al. HIV seropositivity in women with syphilis in Delhi, India. Sex Trans Inf. 2000;76:59-60.
56. Singh S. Human toxoplasmosis in India before and after AIDS epidemic. Ann Nat Acad Med Sci (India). 1997;33:15-24.
57. Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, et al. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators: Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:853-60.