On regime shifts and budgets for nutrients in the open Baltic Proper: Evaluations based on extensive data between 1974 and 2005

Journal of Coastal Research

Volumn 24, Issue 4 SUPPL., 2008, Pages 246-260

  Håkanson, Lars ^a   Lindgren, Dan ^a  

^a UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Baltic Sea; Chlorophyll; Coastal waters; Denitrification; Land uplift; Nutrients; Regime shift; Salinity; Sedimentation; Temperature

Indexed keywords

ALGAL BLOOM; CHLOROPHYLL; COASTAL WATER; CYANOBACTERIUM; DATA SET; DENITRIFICATION; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; EUTROPHICATION; MARINE ENVIRONMENT; NUTRIENT BUDGET; PHOSPHORUS; PHYTOPLANKTON; SALINITY; SEDIMENTATION; SURFACE WATER; TREND ANALYSIS; UPLIFT; WATER TEMPERATURE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; BALTIC SEA;

ALGAE; CYANOBACTERIA;

EID: 51549110344     PISSN: 07490208     EISSN: 15515036     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2112/07-0870.1     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. AMBIO, 1990. Special issue. Marine Eutrophication, 19, 102-176.
2. BOERS, P.C.M.; CAPPENBERG, TH.E., and VAN RAAPHORST, W. (eds.), 1993. Proceeding of the Third International Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments: Hydrobiologia, 253, 1-376.
3. BRYHN, A.C.; HAKANSON, L., and EKLUND, J.M., 2006. Variabilities and Uncertainties in Key Coastal Water Variables as a Basis for Understanding Changes and Obtaining Predictive Power in Modelling. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University, manuscript.
4. CARPENTER, S.C., 2003. Regime Shift in Lake Ecosystems: Pattern and Variation. http://limnology.wisc.edu/regime (accessed February 2007).
5. CHAPRA, S.C., 1980. Application of the phosphorus loading concept to the Great Lakes. In: LOEHR, C.; MARTIN, C.S., and RAST, W. (eds.), Phosphorus Management Strategies for Lakes. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Ann Arbor Science Publishers, pp. 135-152.
6. CHRISTIANSEN, C.; GERTZ, F.; LAIMA, M.J.C.; LUND-HANSEN, L.C.; VANG, T., and JÜ RGENSEN, C., 1997. Nutrient (P, N) dynamics in the southwestern Kattegat, Scandinavia: sedimentation and resuspension effects. Environmental Geology, 29, 66-77.
7. DILLON, P.J. and RIGLER, F.H., 1974. The phosphorus-chlorophyll relationship in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 19, 767-773.
8. EDLER, L., 1979. Phytoplankton succession in the Baltic Sea. Acta Botanica Fennica, 110, 75-78.
9. EVANS, M.S.; ARTS, M.T., and ROBARTS, R.D., 1996. Algal productivity, algal biomass, and zooplankton biomass in a phosphorus-rich, saline lake: deviations from regression model predictions. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, 1048-1060.
10. GOLUBKOV, M.S.; GOLUBKOV, S.M.; GUBELIT, Y.I., and LITVINCHUK, L.F., 2006. Primary production and composition of phytoplankton assemblages in hypersaline lakes of Crimea peninsula. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
11. GROFFMAN, P.M.; BARON, J.S.; BLETT, T.; GOLD, A.J.; GOODMAN, I.; GUNDERSON, L.H.; LEVINSON, B.M.; PALMER, M.A.; PEARL, H.W.; PETERSON, G.D.; POFF, N.L.; REJESKI, D.W.; REYNOLDS, J.F.; TURNER, M.G.; WEATHERS, K.C., and WIENS, J., 2006. Ecological thresholds: the key to successful environmental management or an important concept with no practical application. Ecosystems, 9, 1-13.
12. GUILDFORD, S.J. and HECKY, R.E., 2000. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: is there a common relationship? Limnology and Oceanography, 45, 1213-1223.
13. HÅKANSON, L., 1984. Sediment sampling in different aquatic environments: statistical aspects. Water Resources Research, 20, 41-46.
14. HÅKANSON, L., 1999. Water Pollution: Methods and Criteria to Rank, Model and Remediate Chemical Threats to Aquatic Ecosystems. Leiden, England: Backhuys Publishers, 299p.
15. HÅKANSON, L., 2006. Suspended Particulate Matter in Lakes, Rivers and Marine Systems. Caldwell, New Jersey: Blackburn Press, 331p.
16. HÅKANSON, L. and BOULION, V., 2002. The Lake Foodweb: Modelling Predation and Abiotic/Biotic Interactions. Leiden, England: Backhuys Publishers, 344p.
17. HÅKANSON, L. and EKLUND, J.M., 2007. A dynamic mass balance model for phosphorus fluxes and concentrations in coastal areas. Ecological Research, 22, 296-320.
18. HÅKANSON, L. and GYLLENHAMMAR, A., 2005. Setting fish quotas based on holistic ecosystem modelling including environmental factors and foodweb interactions: a new approach. Aquatic Ecology, 39, 325-351.
19. HÅKANSON, L. and JANSSON, M., 1983. Principles of Lake Sedimentology. Berlin: Springer, 316p.
20. HÅKANSON, L.; BRYHN, A.C., and HYTTEBORN, J.A., 2007. On the issue of limiting nutrient in aquatic systems and predictions of blue-green algae. Science of the Total Environment, 379, 89-108.
21. HÅKANSON, L.; GYLLENHAMMAR, A., and OCH KARLSSON, M., 2002. The Baltic: Present Status, What It Should Be and How To Get There. LUVA 02-01. Uppsala, Sweden: Geotryckeriet, Uppsala, 110p. [in Swedish].
22. HÅKANSON, L.; MALMAEUS, J.M.; BODEMAR, U., and GERHARDT, V., 2003. Coefficients of variation for chlorophyll, green algae, diatoms, cryptophytes and blue-greens in rivers as a basis for predictive modelling and aquatic management. Ecological Modelling, 169, 179-196.
23. HANSSON, M., 2006. Blooms of Cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea: Results from Satellite Monitoring, 1997-2005. SMHI Reports, Oceanography, No. 82 [in Swedish].
24. HASSETT, R.P.; CARDINALE, B.; STABLER, L.B., and ELSER, J.J., 1997. Ecological stoichiometry of N and P in pelagic ecosystems: comparison of lakes and oceans with emphasis on the zooplankton-phytoplankton interaction. Limnology and Oceanography, 42, 648-662.
25. HECKY, R.E. and KILHAM, P., 1988. Nutrient limitation of phytoplankton in freshwater and marine environments: a review of recent evidence on the effects of enrichment. Limnology and Oceanography, 33, 796-822.
26. HELCOM, 2000. Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 100. http://www.helcom.fi/ (accessed February 2007).
27. HOWARTH, R.W., 1988. Nutrient limitation of net primary production in marine ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 19, 89-110.
28. HOWARTH, R.W. and COLE, J.J., 1985. Molybdenum availability, nitrogen limitation, and phytoplankton growth in natural waters. Science, 229, 653-655.
29. ICES, 2006. HELCOM Data. http://www.ices.dk/ocean/asp/helcom/helcom.asp? Mode=1 (accessed February 2007).
30. JAKOBSEN, F., 1995. The major inflow to the Baltic Sea during January 1993. Journal of Marine Systems, 6, 227-240.
31. JONSSON, P., 1992. Large-Scale Changes of Contaminants in Baltic Sea Sediments during the Twentieth Century. Uppsala, Sweden: Uppsala University, Ph.D. thesis.
32. JONSSON, P.; CARMAN, R., and WULFF, F., 1990. Laminated sediments in the Baltic: a tool for evaluating nutrient mass balances. Ambio, 19, 152-158.
33. JÖNSSON, A., 2005. Model Studies of Surface Waves and Sediment Resuspension in the Baltic Sea. Linköping, Sweden: Linköping University, Ph.D. thesis, No. 332.
34. LARSSON, U.; HAJDU, S.; WALVE, J., and ELMGREN, R., 2001. Baltic Sea nitrogen fixation estimated from the summer increase in the upper mixed layer. Limnology and Oceanography, 46, 811-820.
35. MEEUWIG, J.J.; KAUPPILA, P., and PITKÄ NEN, H., 2000. Predicting coastal eutrophication in the Baltic: a limnological approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 844-855.
36. NIXON, S.W., 1990. Marine eutrophication: a growing international problem. Ambio, 3, 101.
37. NIXON, S.W. and PILSON, 1983. Nitrogen in estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. In: CARPENTER, E.J. and CAPONE, D.G. (eds.), Nitrogen in the Marine Environment. New York: Academic Press, pp. 565-648.
38. OMSTEDT, A. and AXELL, L.B., 2003. Modeling the variations of salinity and temperature in the large Gulfs of the Baltic Sea. Continental Shelf Research, 23, 265-294.
39. PERSSON, G. and JANSSON, M., 1988. Phosphorus in freshwater ecosystems. In: Proceeding of the Third International Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments: Hydrobiologia, 170, 1-340.
40. PETERSEN, J.K.; HANSEN, J.W.; LAURSEN, M.B., and CONLEY, D., 2006. Regime Shift in a Marine Coastal Ecosystem. National Environmental Research Institute & County of Ringkjøbing, manuscript.
41. REDFIELD, A.C., 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. American Scientist, 46, 205-222.
42. REDFIELD, A.C.; KETCHUM, B.H., and RICHARDS, F.A., 1963. The influence of organisms on the composition of seawater. In: HILL, N. (ed.), The Sea 2. New York: Interscience, pp. 26-77.
43. RILEY, E.T. and PREPAS, E.E., 1985. Comparison of the phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships in mixed and stratified lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 42, 831-835.
44. RYTHER, J.H. and DUNSTAN, W.M., 1971. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in the coastal marine environment. Science, 171, 1008-1013.
45. SCHEFFER, M., 1990. Multiplicity of stable states in freshwater systems. In: Proceeding of the Third International Workshop on Phosphorus in Sediments: Hydrobiologia, 200/201, 475-486.
46. SCHEFFER, M.; BROCK, W., and WESTLEY, F., 2000. Socioeconomic mechanisms preventing optimum use of ecosystem services: an interdisciplinary theoretical analysis. Ecosystems, 3, 451-4571.
47. SCHERNEWSKI, G. and NEUMANN, T., 2005. The trophic state of the Baltic Sea a century ago: a model simulation study. Journal of Marine Systems, 53, 109-124.
48. SCHINDLER, D.W., 1977. Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science, 195, 260-262.
49. SCHINDLER, D.W., 1978. Factors regulating phytoplankton production and standing crop in the world's freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography, 23, 478-486.
50. SEIFERT, T.; TAUBER, F., and KAYSER, B., 2001. A High-Resolution Spherical Grid Topography of the Baltic Sea, 2nd edition. Poster 147. Baltic Sea Science Congress (Stockholm, Sweden). http://www.io-warnemuende.de/iowtopo/ (accessed February 2007).
51. SMHI, 2005. Cyanobacterial Blooms in the Baltic Sea. HELCOM Indicator Fact Sheets 2005. http://www.helcom.fi/environment2/ifs/en_GB/cover/ (accessed February 2007).
52. SMHI, 2006. The Swedish Oceanographic Data Centre (SwedODC): Data from the Swedish National Marine Data Archive. http://produkter.smhi.se/pshark/ datamap.php?language=e (accessed February 2007).
53. SMITH, V.H., 1979. Nutrient dependence of primary productivity in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 24, 1051-1064.
54. SNV, 1993. Eutrophication of Land, Freshwater and the Sea. Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SNV), Report 4134 (Stockholm, Sweden), 199p [in Swedish].
55. STÅLNACKE, P.; GRIMVALL, A.; SUNDBLAD, K., and TONDERSKI, A., 1999. Estimation of riverine loads of nitrogen and phosphorus to the Baltic Sea, 1970-1993. Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 58, 173-200.
56. SWEDISH ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY COUNCIL, 2005. A Strategy for Ending Eutrophication of Seas and Coasts. Swedish Government Official Reports, Environmental Advisory Council, Jo 1968: A (Stockholm, Sweden), 59p.
57. THRESHOLDS IP, 2006. Thresholds of Environmental Sustainability IP. http://www.thresholds-eu.org/ (accessed February 2007).
58. VOIPIO, A. (ed.), 1981. The Baltic Sea. Elsevier Oceanographic Series. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 418p.
59. WALLIN, M.; HÅKANSON, L., and PERSSON, J., 1992. Load Models for Nutrients in Coastal Areas, Especially from Fish Farms. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordiska Ministerrådet, 207p [in Swedish with English summary].
60. WASMUND, N., 1997. Occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in the Baltic Sea in relation to environmental conditions. Internationale Revue gesamten Hydrobiologie, 82, 169-184.
61. WASMUND, N.; VOSS, M., and LOCHTE, K., 2001. Evidence of nitrogen fixation by non-heterocystous cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea and re-calculation of a budget of nitrogen fixation. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 214, 1-14.
62. WETZEL, R.G., 2001. Limnology. London: Academic Press, 1006p.
63. WULFF, F., 2006. Östersjön är inte som andra hav. In: JOHANSSON, B., (ed.), Östersjön: Hot Och Hopp. Stockholm, Sweden: Formas Fokuserar, pp. 51-63 [in Swedish].