메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 95, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 489-509

The Mere Perception of Elaboration Creates Attitude Certainty: Exploring the Thoughtfulness Heuristic

Author keywords

attitude strength; certainty; elaboration; heuristics; persuasion

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ATTENTION; ATTITUDE; CONFLICT; CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY; HUMAN; MOTIVATION; PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION; PROBLEM SOLVING; PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL; RECALL; THINKING;

EID: 51449106593     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0012559     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (151)

References (76)
  • 2
    • 33845722419 scopus 로고
    • Factor analysis and the AIC
    • Akaike H. Factor analysis and the AIC. Psychometrika 52 (1987) 317-332
    • (1987) Psychometrika , vol.52 , pp. 317-332
    • Akaike, H.1
  • 3
    • 0030492641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength
    • Bassili J.N. Meta-judgmental versus operative indexes of psychological attributes: The case of measures of attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 637-653
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 637-653
    • Bassili, J.N.1
  • 4
    • 0035487387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the structure of strengthv-related attitude features: The relation between attitude importance and attitude accessibility
    • Bizer G.Y., and Krosnick J.A. Exploring the structure of strengthv-related attitude features: The relation between attitude importance and attitude accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81 (2001) 566-586
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.81 , pp. 566-586
    • Bizer, G.Y.1    Krosnick, J.A.2
  • 6
    • 36049048039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Happiness versus sadness as a determinant of thought confidence in persuasion: A self-validation analysis
    • Briñol P., Petty R.E., and Barden J. Happiness versus sadness as a determinant of thought confidence in persuasion: A self-validation analysis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 93 (2007) 711-727
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.93 , pp. 711-727
    • Briñol, P.1    Petty, R.E.2    Barden, J.3
  • 7
    • 0001233581 scopus 로고
    • Alternative ways of assessing model fit
    • Bollen K.A., and Long S.L. (Eds), Sage, London, England
    • Browne M.W., and Cudeck R. Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: Bollen K.A., and Long S.L. (Eds). Testing structural equation models (1993), Sage, London, England 136-162
    • (1993) Testing structural equation models , pp. 136-162
    • Browne, M.W.1    Cudeck, R.2
  • 9
    • 0000785947 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the use of introductory rhetorical questions versus statements on information processing
    • Burnkrant R.E., and Howard D.J. Effects of the use of introductory rhetorical questions versus statements on information processing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 47 (1984) 1218-1230
    • (1984) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.47 , pp. 1218-1230
    • Burnkrant, R.E.1    Howard, D.J.2
  • 10
    • 0001938087 scopus 로고
    • Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing technique
    • Merluzzi T., Glass C., and Genest M. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Cacioppo J.T., and Petty R.E. Social psychological procedures for cognitive response assessment: The thought-listing technique. In: Merluzzi T., Glass C., and Genest M. (Eds). Cognitive assessment (1981), Guilford Press, New York 309-342
    • (1981) Cognitive assessment , pp. 309-342
    • Cacioppo, J.T.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 15
    • 0002010105 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures
    • Bohrnstedt G.W., and Borgatta E. (Eds), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA
    • Carmines E., and McIver J. Analyzing models with unobserved variables: Analysis of covariance structures. In: Bohrnstedt G.W., and Borgatta E. (Eds). Social measurement: Current issues (1981), Sage, Beverly Hills, CA 65-115
    • (1981) Social measurement: Current issues , pp. 65-115
    • Carmines, E.1    McIver, J.2
  • 16
    • 85047681068 scopus 로고
    • Heuristic versus systematic information processing in the use of source versus message quest in persuasion
    • Chaiken S. Heuristic versus systematic information processing in the use of source versus message quest in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39 (1980) 752-766
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 752-766
    • Chaiken, S.1
  • 17
    • 0001662062 scopus 로고
    • The heuristic model of persuasion
    • Zanna M.P., Olson J.M., and Herman C.P. (Eds), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ
    • Chaiken S. The heuristic model of persuasion. In: Zanna M.P., Olson J.M., and Herman C.P. (Eds). Social influence: The Ontario Symposium 5 (1987), Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ 3-39
    • (1987) Social influence: The Ontario Symposium , vol.5 , pp. 3-39
    • Chaiken, S.1
  • 18
    • 27844582994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models
    • Coffman D.L., and MacCallum R.C. Using parcels to convert path analysis models into latent variable models. Multivariate Behavioral Research 40 (2005) 235-259
    • (2005) Multivariate Behavioral Research , vol.40 , pp. 235-259
    • Coffman, D.L.1    MacCallum, R.C.2
  • 20
    • 0035287103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity
    • Cunningham W.A., Preacher K.J., and Banaji M.R. Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science 12 (2001) 163-170
    • (2001) Psychological Science , vol.12 , pp. 163-170
    • Cunningham, W.A.1    Preacher, K.J.2    Banaji, M.R.3
  • 21
    • 0002935147 scopus 로고
    • Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility
    • Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Fazio R.H. Attitudes as object-evaluation associations: Determinants, consequences, and correlates of attitude accessibility. In: Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (1995), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 247-282
    • (1995) Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , pp. 247-282
    • Fazio, R.H.1
  • 22
    • 0000128103 scopus 로고
    • On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence
    • Fazio R.H., and Zanna M.P. On the predictive validity of attitudes: The roles of direct experience and confidence. Journal of Personality 46 (1978) 228-243
    • (1978) Journal of Personality , vol.46 , pp. 228-243
    • Fazio, R.H.1    Zanna, M.P.2
  • 24
    • 0033236651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude strength and the attitude-behavior domain: Magnitude and independence of moderating effects of different strength indices
    • Franc R. Attitude strength and the attitude-behavior domain: Magnitude and independence of moderating effects of different strength indices. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality 14 (1999) 177-195
    • (1999) Journal of Social Behavior and Personality , vol.14 , pp. 177-195
    • Franc, R.1
  • 25
    • 0038466798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction-Heuristics and biases: Then and now
    • Gilovich T., Griffin D., and Kahneman D. (Eds), Cambridge University Press, New York
    • Gilovich T., and Griffin D. Introduction-Heuristics and biases: Then and now. In: Gilovich T., Griffin D., and Kahneman D. (Eds). Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (2002), Cambridge University Press, New York 1-18
    • (2002) Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment , pp. 1-18
    • Gilovich, T.1    Griffin, D.2
  • 26
    • 33745775080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation
    • Glasman L.R., and Albarracin D. Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: A meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation. Psychological Bulletin 132 (2006) 778-822
    • (2006) Psychological Bulletin , vol.132 , pp. 778-822
    • Glasman, L.R.1    Albarracin, D.2
  • 28
    • 0005643163 scopus 로고
    • The multiple source effect in persuasion: The effects of distraction
    • Harkins S.G., and Petty R.E. The multiple source effect in persuasion: The effects of distraction. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 7 (1981) 627-635
    • (1981) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.7 , pp. 627-635
    • Harkins, S.G.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 29
    • 33645832308 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line
    • Hastie R., and Park B. The relationship between memory and judgment depends on whether the judgment task is memory-based or on-line. Psychological Review 93 (1986) 258-268
    • (1986) Psychological Review , vol.93 , pp. 258-268
    • Hastie, R.1    Park, B.2
  • 30
    • 0000458643 scopus 로고
    • Personality and persuasion: Need for cognition moderates the persistence and resistance of attitude changes
    • Haugtvedt C.P., and Petty R.E. Personality and persuasion: Need for cognition moderates the persistence and resistance of attitude changes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1992) 308-319
    • (1992) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 308-319
    • Haugtvedt, C.P.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 31
  • 32
    • 21344498664 scopus 로고
    • Message order effects in persuasion: An attitude strength perspective
    • Haugtvedt C.P., and Wegener D.T. Message order effects in persuasion: An attitude strength perspective. Journal of Consumer Research 21 (1994) 205-218
    • (1994) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.21 , pp. 205-218
    • Haugtvedt, C.P.1    Wegener, D.T.2
  • 36
    • 0033465370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persuasion by a single route: A view from the unimodel
    • Kruglanski A.W., and Thompson E.P. Persuasion by a single route: A view from the unimodel. Psychological Inquiry 10 (1999) 83-109
    • (1999) Psychological Inquiry , vol.10 , pp. 83-109
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Thompson, E.P.2
  • 37
    • 0000989426 scopus 로고
    • When motives clash: Issue involvement and response involvement as determinants of persuasion
    • Leippe M.R., and Elkin R.A. When motives clash: Issue involvement and response involvement as determinants of persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 52 (1987) 269-278
    • (1987) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.52 , pp. 269-278
    • Leippe, M.R.1    Elkin, R.A.2
  • 38
    • 0001371817 scopus 로고
    • Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence
    • Lord C.G., Ross L., and Lepper M.R. Biased assimilation and attitude polarization: The effects of prior theories on subsequently considered evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979) 2098-2109
    • (1979) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.37 , pp. 2098-2109
    • Lord, C.G.1    Ross, L.2    Lepper, M.R.3
  • 39
    • 3142717451 scopus 로고
    • Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size
    • Marsh H.W., Balla J.R., and McDonald R.P. Goodness-of-fit indexes in confirmatory factor analysis: The effect of sample size. Psychological Bulletin 103 (1988) 391-410
    • (1988) Psychological Bulletin , vol.103 , pp. 391-410
    • Marsh, H.W.1    Balla, J.R.2    McDonald, R.P.3
  • 40
    • 21144462361 scopus 로고
    • The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change
    • Miller A.G., McHoskey J.W., Bane C.W., and Dowd T.G. The attitude polarization phenomenon: Role of response measure, attitude extremity, and behavioral consequences of reported attitude change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 64 (1993) 561-574
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.64 , pp. 561-574
    • Miller, A.G.1    McHoskey, J.W.2    Bane, C.W.3    Dowd, T.G.4
  • 43
    • 0000428577 scopus 로고
    • Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement
    • Petty R.E., Cacioppo J.T., and Schumann D. Central and peripheral routes to advertising effectiveness: The moderating role of involvement. Journal of Consumer Research 10 (1983) 135-146
    • (1983) Journal of Consumer Research , vol.10 , pp. 135-146
    • Petty, R.E.1    Cacioppo, J.T.2    Schumann, D.3
  • 45
    • 85047682429 scopus 로고
    • The effects of group diffusion of cognitive effort on attitudes: An information-processing view
    • Petty R.E., Harkins S.G., and Williams K.D. The effects of group diffusion of cognitive effort on attitudes: An information-processing view. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 38 (1980) 81-92
    • (1980) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 81-92
    • Petty, R.E.1    Harkins, S.G.2    Williams, K.D.3
  • 47
    • 51449088718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Petty, R. E., Haugtvedt, C. P., Heesacker, M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1995). Message elaboration as a determinant of attitude strength: Persistence and resistance of persuasion. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio State University, Columbus.
    • Petty, R. E., Haugtvedt, C. P., Heesacker, M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1995). Message elaboration as a determinant of attitude strength: Persistence and resistance of persuasion. Unpublished manuscript, Ohio State University, Columbus.
  • 48
    • 0002218014 scopus 로고
    • Elaboration as a determinant of attitude strength: Creating attitudes that are persistent, resistant, and predictive of behavior
    • Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Petty R.E., Haugtvedt C.P., and Smith S.M. Elaboration as a determinant of attitude strength: Creating attitudes that are persistent, resistant, and predictive of behavior. In: Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (1995), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 93-130
    • (1995) Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , pp. 93-130
    • Petty, R.E.1    Haugtvedt, C.P.2    Smith, S.M.3
  • 50
    • 0000011696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables
    • Gilbert D.T., Fiske S.T., and Taylor S. (Eds), McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Petty R.E., and Wegener D.T. Attitude change: Multiple roles for persuasion variables. In: Gilbert D.T., Fiske S.T., and Taylor S. (Eds). The handbook of social psychology. 4th ed. 1 (1998), McGraw-Hill, New York 323-390
    • (1998) The handbook of social psychology. 4th ed. , vol.1 , pp. 323-390
    • Petty, R.E.1    Wegener, D.T.2
  • 51
    • 0002872955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The elaboration likelihood model: Current status and controversies
    • Chaiken S., and Trope Y. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Petty R.E., and Wegener D.T. The elaboration likelihood model: Current status and controversies. In: Chaiken S., and Trope Y. (Eds). Dual-process theories in social psychology (1999), Guilford Press, New York 37-72
    • (1999) Dual-process theories in social psychology , pp. 37-72
    • Petty, R.E.1    Wegener, D.T.2
  • 52
    • 0001072331 scopus 로고
    • Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to propaganda: Thought disruption versus effort justification
    • Petty R.E., Wells G.L., and Brock T.C. Distraction can enhance or reduce yielding to propaganda: Thought disruption versus effort justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34 (1976) 874-884
    • (1976) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 874-884
    • Petty, R.E.1    Wells, G.L.2    Brock, T.C.3
  • 54
    • 0030240345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence
    • Priester J.R., and Petty R.E. The gradual threshold model of ambivalence: Relating the positive and negative bases of attitudes to subjective ambivalence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996) 431-449
    • (1996) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.71 , pp. 431-449
    • Priester, J.R.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 55
    • 85047684010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the bases of subjective attitudinal ambivalence: Interpersonal and intrapersonal antecedents of evaluative tension
    • Priester J.R., and Petty R.E. Extending the bases of subjective attitudinal ambivalence: Interpersonal and intrapersonal antecedents of evaluative tension. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 80 (2001) 19-34
    • (2001) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.80 , pp. 19-34
    • Priester, J.R.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 56
    • 0030557958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude stability and attitude strength: One is enough to make it stable
    • Prislin R. Attitude stability and attitude strength: One is enough to make it stable. European Journal of Social Psychology 26 (1996) 447-477
    • (1996) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.26 , pp. 447-477
    • Prislin, R.1
  • 57
    • 1342325056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When resistance is futile: Consequences of failed counterarguing for attitude certainty
    • Rucker D.D., and Petty R.E. When resistance is futile: Consequences of failed counterarguing for attitude certainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86 (2004) 219-235
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.86 , pp. 219-235
    • Rucker, D.D.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 58
    • 44249110464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's in a frame anyway? A meta-cognitive analysis of one versus two sided message framing on attitude certainty
    • Rucker D.D., Petty R.E., and Briñol P. What's in a frame anyway? A meta-cognitive analysis of one versus two sided message framing on attitude certainty. Journal of Consumer Psychology 18 (2008) 137-149
    • (2008) Journal of Consumer Psychology , vol.18 , pp. 137-149
    • Rucker, D.D.1    Petty, R.E.2    Briñol, P.3
  • 59
    • 0001456311 scopus 로고
    • Attitude and prediction of behavior
    • Sample J., and Warland R. Attitude and prediction of behavior. Social Forces 51 (1973) 292-304
    • (1973) Social Forces , vol.51 , pp. 292-304
    • Sample, J.1    Warland, R.2
  • 61
    • 40749088415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heuristics made easy: An effort reduction framework
    • Shah A.K., and Oppenheimer D.M. Heuristics made easy: An effort reduction framework. Psychological Bulletin 134 (2008) 207-222
    • (2008) Psychological Bulletin , vol.134 , pp. 207-222
    • Shah, A.K.1    Oppenheimer, D.M.2
  • 64
    • 41149174237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of amount, cognitive elaboration, and structural consistency of attitude-relevant knowledge in the formation of attitude certainty
    • Smith S.M., Fabrigar L.R., MacDougall B.L., and Wiesenthal N.L. The role of amount, cognitive elaboration, and structural consistency of attitude-relevant knowledge in the formation of attitude certainty. European Journal of Social Psychology 38 (2008) 280-295
    • (2008) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.38 , pp. 280-295
    • Smith, S.M.1    Fabrigar, L.R.2    MacDougall, B.L.3    Wiesenthal, N.L.4
  • 65
    • 77956869161 scopus 로고
    • Self-generated attitude change
    • Berkowitz L. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Tesser A. Self-generated attitude change. In: Berkowitz L. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 11 (1978), Academic Press, New York 289-338
    • (1978) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.11 , pp. 289-338
    • Tesser, A.1
  • 66
    • 0029316871 scopus 로고
    • The conflicted individual: Personality-based and domain-specific antecedents of ambivalent social attitudes
    • Thompson M.M., and Zanna M.P. The conflicted individual: Personality-based and domain-specific antecedents of ambivalent social attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 63 (1995) 259-288
    • (1995) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.63 , pp. 259-288
    • Thompson, M.M.1    Zanna, M.P.2
  • 67
    • 0033246014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinking too much of too little? The effects of introspection on the decision-making process
    • Tordesillas R.S., and Chaiken S. Thinking too much of too little? The effects of introspection on the decision-making process. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 25 (1999) 623-629
    • (1999) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.25 , pp. 623-629
    • Tordesillas, R.S.1    Chaiken, S.2
  • 68
    • 0035541335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On-line versus memory-based processing: The role of "need to evaluate" in person perception
    • Tormala Z.L., and Petty R.E. On-line versus memory-based processing: The role of "need to evaluate" in person perception. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 27 (2001) 1599-1612
    • (2001) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.27 , pp. 1599-1612
    • Tormala, Z.L.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 69
    • 0040076463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What doesn't kill me makes me stronger: The effects of resisting persuasion on attitude certainty
    • Tormala Z.L., and Petty R.E. What doesn't kill me makes me stronger: The effects of resisting persuasion on attitude certainty. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83 (2002) 1298-1313
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.83 , pp. 1298-1313
    • Tormala, Z.L.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 70
    • 7544224884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source credibility and attitude certainty: A metacognitive analysis of resistance to persuasion
    • Tormala Z.L., and Petty R.E. Source credibility and attitude certainty: A metacognitive analysis of resistance to persuasion. Journal of Consumer Psychology 14 (2004) 427-442
    • (2004) Journal of Consumer Psychology , vol.14 , pp. 427-442
    • Tormala, Z.L.1    Petty, R.E.2
  • 71
    • 43249084062 scopus 로고
    • Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment
    • Tversky A., and Kahneman D. Extensional versus intuitive reasoning: The conjunction fallacy in probability judgment. Psychological Review 90 (1983) 293-315
    • (1983) Psychological Review , vol.90 , pp. 293-315
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 72
    • 10244222312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes in the social context: The impact of social network composition on individual-level attitude strength
    • Visser P.S., and Mirabile R.R. Attitudes in the social context: The impact of social network composition on individual-level attitude strength. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87 (2004) 779-795
    • (2004) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.87 , pp. 779-795
    • Visser, P.S.1    Mirabile, R.R.2
  • 73
    • 85055959396 scopus 로고
    • Response certainty as a moderator variable in attitude measurement
    • Warland R.H., and Sample J. Response certainty as a moderator variable in attitude measurement. Rural Sociology 38 (1973) 174-186
    • (1973) Rural Sociology , vol.38 , pp. 174-186
    • Warland, R.H.1    Sample, J.2
  • 74
    • 0024023344 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
    • Watson D., Clark L.A., and Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 1063-1070
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Tellegen, A.3
  • 75
    • 0001278422 scopus 로고
    • Measures and manipulations of strength-related properties of attitudes: Current practice and future directions
    • Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ
    • Wegener D.T., Downing J., Krosnick J.A., and Petty R.E. Measures and manipulations of strength-related properties of attitudes: Current practice and future directions. In: Petty R.E., and Krosnick J.A. (Eds). Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (1995), Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ 455-487
    • (1995) Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences , pp. 455-487
    • Wegener, D.T.1    Downing, J.2    Krosnick, J.A.3    Petty, R.E.4
  • 76
    • 0001455108 scopus 로고
    • The process of cognitive tuning in communication
    • Zajonc R.B. The process of cognitive tuning in communication. Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology 61 (1960) 159-167
    • (1960) Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology , vol.61 , pp. 159-167
    • Zajonc, R.B.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.