메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 15, Issue 20, 2004, Pages 3171-3175

Symmetry breaking: An epistemological note

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOMEDICINE; CHIRALITY; NATURAL SCIENCE; NOMENCLATURE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STEREOCHEMISTRY;

EID: 5144233174     PISSN: 09574166     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.021     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (18)

References (50)
  • 2
    • 2742535506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IUPAC Recommendations on Stereochemistry: G.P. Moss Pure Appl. Chem. 68 1996 2193 2222
    • (1996) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.68 , pp. 2193-2222
    • Moss, G.P.1
  • 3
    • 0029907887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For a tutorial article emphasizing symmetry arguments in chemistry: J.D. Dunitz Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 1996 14260 14266
    • (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.93 , pp. 14260-14266
    • Dunitz, J.D.1
  • 9
    • 4243096725 scopus 로고
    • Gauthier-Villars Paris
    • P. Curie Oeuvres 1908 Gauthier-Villars Paris (Reprinted: Archives Contemporaines: Paris, 1984)
    • (1908) Oeuvres
    • Curie, P.1
  • 11
    • 5144228088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 6h characteristic of a planar arrangement (e.g., benzene)
  • 14
    • 5144226459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Jean Buridan (1300-1358) was Rector of the University of Paris (the Sorbonne). Curiously the animal mentioned in Buridan's commentary on Aristotle's De Caelo (On the Heavens) is actually a dog not an ass
  • 15
    • 5144229170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perseus Books New York
    • We have learned that some fundamental physical laws may not be entirely symmetric. Parity or space inversion conservation is not a perfect symmetry of nature. In particle physics symmetry breaking is usually connected with the theory of supersymmetry, which relates fermions to bosons in an approach to incorporating gravity into a unified theory with strong and electroweak interactions G. Kane Supersymmetry: Unvealing the Ultimate Laws of Nature 2001 Perseus Books New York
    • (2001) Supersymmetry: Unvealing the Ultimate Laws of Nature
    • Kane, G.1
  • 16
    • 1842509763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • For some recent essays: F. Wilczek Nature 428 2004 261
    • (2004) Nature , vol.428 , pp. 261
    • Wilczek, F.1
  • 17
    • 2942560266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • E. Witten Nature 429 2004 507 508
    • (2004) Nature , vol.429 , pp. 507-508
    • Witten, E.1
  • 24
    • 5144220513 scopus 로고
    • Compendium of Chemical Terminology. IUPAC Recommendations
    • 2nd ed. Blackwell Oxford
    • A.D. McNaught, and A. Wilkinson Compendium of Chemical Terminology. IUPAC Recommendations 2nd ed. 1997 Blackwell Oxford See also: Pure Appl. Chem. 66 1994 591
    • (1994) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.66 , pp. 591
    • McNaught, A.D.1    Wilkinson, A.2
  • 28
    • 0001216438 scopus 로고
    • Collinear electric and magnetic fields do not generate molecular chirality either. Pierre Curie ignored the role of time reversal (T), characteristic of motion-dependent chirality. Time reversal of one of the enantiomorphous states (interconverted by space inversion P) combined with any proper rotation gives rise to a homomorph of the former. Pseudoscalar properties such as natural optical activity and hence chirality are only supported by a T-invariant enantiomorphism that is, T cannot undo the effect of space inversion (P): L.D. Barron J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108 1986 5539 5542
    • (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.108 , pp. 5539-5542
    • Barron, L.D.1
  • 36
    • 5144226090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In magnetic superconductors such as metals or alloys, the state wave function can be separated into two parts, one depending only on the spatial coordinates and the other only on the spin coordinates. In crystals with space-inversion (parity) symmetry, the interchange of the spatial coordinates of the electrons gives rise to a state indistinguishable from the original. Therefore, the probability distribution of the electrons in the state wave function remains unaffected. A second interchange gives back the initial quantum state, with a phase factor of +1 or -1, that is, the spatial part must be either symmetric or antisymmetric. If the complete state has to be antisymmetric (electron states have momenta equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction), the spin part of the wave function must be antisymmetric (it must have the opposite symmetry under electron interchange). This implies a spin-singlet state, typical of metals such as aluminum. Conversely, an antisymmetric spatial wave function requires a symmetric spin wave function (corresponding to a spin-triplet state)
  • 37
    • 5144229982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Ref. 1, p 1193
    • (a) See Ref. 1, p 1193
  • 40
    • 4544365318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • M.M. Green R.J.M. Nolte E.W. Meijer Wiley New York
    • In other words the observable pattern, which has in principle no relation with the intimate structure. In crystallography, the packing may present low symmetry as revealed by the asymmetry of the electron diffraction pattern, although the single crystals be highly symmetric. For an excellent discussion: C. De Rosa M.M. Green R.J.M. Nolte E.W. Meijer Materials-Chirality, Topics in Stereochemistry Vol. 24 2003 Wiley New York 71 155 (especially pp 109-121)
    • (2003) Materials-Chirality, Topics in Stereochemistry , vol.24 , pp. 71-155
    • De Rosa, C.1
  • 43
    • 0242334618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conglomerate refers to a mechanical mixture of two enantiomers forming a eutectic. The term is reserved for a mixture of macroscopic chiral domains although it is not only confined to crystals but also to two-dimensional conglomerates such as Langmuir films. For chiral morphologies of Langmuir monolayers see: N. Nandi, and D. Vollhardt Chem. Rev. 103 2003 4033 4075 In stark contrast true racemates contain equal numbers of enantiomeric molecules within the unit cell, that is, they are composed of achiral domains containing chiral elements of opposite handedness forming an achiral system
    • (2003) Chem. Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 4033-4075
    • Nandi, N.1    Vollhardt, D.2
  • 46
    • 0039770582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Achiral symmetry breaking is also to be discouraged because supramolecular aggregates composed of chiral nonracemic molecules may display no chirality (achiral phases), such as in mesogenic structures; see for instance: H.H.v. Doren, E. Smits, J.M. Pestman, J.B.F.N. Engberts, and R.M. Kellogg Chem. Soc. Rev. 29 2000 183 199
    • (2000) Chem. Soc. Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 183-199
    • V. H., D.H.1    Smits, E.2    Pestman, J.M.3    Engberts, J.B.F.N.4    Kellogg, R.M.5
  • 47
    • 5144225880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • See Ref. 1, pp 88-91 and references cited therein
    • See Ref. 1, pp 88-91 and references cited therein


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.