Normalized upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis

Journal of Neuroimaging

Volumn 18, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 320-327

  Song, Feng ^a   Huan, Yi ^a   Yin, Hong ^a   Ge, Yali ^a   Wei, Guangquan ^a   Chang, Yingjuan ^a   Zhao, Haitao ^a  

^a FOURTH MILITARY MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Lumbar enlargement area; Magnetic resonance imaging; Multiple sclerosis; Normalization; Spinal cord atrophy; Upper cervical cord area

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CERVICAL SPINAL CORD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DATA ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LUMBAR SPINAL CORD; MALE; MEASUREMENT; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SCANNER; PHYSICAL DISABILITY; RECURRENT DISEASE; RELIABILITY; REMISSION; SPINAL CORD ATROPHY;

ADULT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ATROPHY; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMAGE PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SPINAL CORD;

EID: 51349124843     PISSN: 10512284     EISSN: 15526569     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2007.00222.x     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Ikuta F, Zimmerman HM. Distribution of plaques in seventy autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis in the United States. Neurology 1976 26 : 26 28.
2. Bergers EBJ, De Groot, Polman CH, Lycklama GJ, Castelijns JA, Van der Valk P, Barkhof F. Axonal damage in the spinal cord of MS patients occurs largely independent of T2 MRI lesions. Neurology 2002 59 : 1766 1771.
3. Lovas G, Szilagyi N, Majtenyi K, Palkovits M, Komoly S. Axonal changes in chronic demyelinated cervical spinal cord plaques. Brain 2000 123 : 308 317.
4. DeLuca GC, Ebers GC, Esiri MM. Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis: a pathological survey of the corticospinal and sensory tracts. Brain 2004 127 : 1009 1018.
5. Bjartmar C, Kidd G, Mork S, Rudick R, Trapp BD. Neurological disability correlates with spinal cord axonal loss and reduced N-acetyl aspartate in chronic multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2000 48 : 893 901.
6. Kidd D, Thorpe JW, Thompson AJ, Kendall BE, Moseley IF, MacManus DG, McDonald WI, and Miller DH. Spinal cord MRI using multi-array coils and fast spin echo. II. Findings in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1993 43 : 2632 2637.
7. Nijeholt GJ, van Walderveen MA, Castelijns JA, Van Waesberghe JH, Polman C, Scheltens P, Rosier PF, Jongen PJ, Barkhof F. Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. Brain 1998 121 : 687 697.
8. Lin X, Blumhardt LD. Inflammation and atrophy in multiple sclerosis: MRI associations with disease course. J Neurol Sci 2001 189 : 99 104.
9. Losseff NA, Webb SL, O'Riordan JI, Page R, Wang L, Barker GJ. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis. A new reproducible and sensitive MRI method with potential to monitor disease progression. Brain 1996 119 : 701 708.
10. Filippi M, Colombo B, Rovaris M, Pereira C, Martinelli V, Comi G. A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of the cervical cord in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 1997 7 : 78 80.
11. Lycklama a Nijeholt GJ, Castelijns JA, Lazeron RH, Van Waesberghe JH, Polman CH, Uitdehaag BM, Barkhof F. Magnetization transfer ratio of the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis: relationship to atrophy and neurologic disability. J Neuroimaging 2000 10 : 67 72.
12. Lin X, Tench CR, Evangelou N, Jaspan T, Constantinescu CS. Measurement of spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimaging 2004 14 (3 Suppl 20S 26S.
13. Liu C, Edwards S, Gong Q, Roberts N, Blumhardt LD. Three dimensional MRI estimates of brain and spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999 66 : 323 330.
14. Filippi M, Campi A, Colombo B, Pereira C, Martinelli V, Baratti C, Comi G. A spinal cord MRI study of benign and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 1996 243 : 502 505.
15. Carbonell-Caballero J, Manjon JV, Marti-Bonmati L, Olalla JR, Casanova B, De la Iglesia-Vaya M, Coret F, Robles M. Accurate quantification methods to evaluate cervical cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis patients. Magma 2006 19 : 237 246.
16. Kidd D, Thorpe JW, Kendall BE, Barker GJ, Miller DH, McDonald WI, Thompson AJ. MRI dynamics of brain and spinal cord in progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996 60 : 15 19.
17. Brex PA, Leary SM, O'Riordan JI, Miszkiel KA, Plant GT, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Measurement of spinal cord area in clinically isolated syndromes suggestive of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001 70 : 544 547.
18. Bieniek M, Altmann DR, Davies GR, Ingle GT, Rashid W, Sastre-Garriga J, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Cord atrophy separates early primary progressive and relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006 77 : 1036 1039.
19. Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT, Griffin CM, Altmann DR, Gordon R, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Increasing cord atrophy in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 3 year study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006 77 : 51 55.
20. Lin X, Tench CR, Turner B, Blumhardt LD, Constantinescu CS. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in multiple sclerosis over four years: application of a reproducible automated technique in monitoring disease progression in a cohort of the interferon beta-1a (Rebif) treatment trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003 74 : 1090 1094.
21. Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT, Griffin CM, Altmann DR, Gordon R, Kapoor R, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Upper cervical cord area in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: cross-sectional study of factors influencing cord size. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006 23 : 473 476.
22. Vaithianathar L, Tench CR, Morgan PS, Constantinescu CS. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spinal cord in multiple sclerosis-a quantitative T1 relaxation time mapping approach. J Neurol 2003 250 : 307 315.
23. Free SL, Bergin PS, Fish DR, Cook MJ, Shorvon SD, Stevens JM. Methods for normalization of hippocampal volumes measured with MR. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995 16 : 637 643.
24. Zivadinov R, Locatelli L, Stival B, Bratina A, Grop A, Nasuelli D, Brnabic-Razmilic O, Zorzon M. Normalized regional brain atrophy measurements in multiple sclerosis. Neuroradiology 2003 45 : 793 798.
25. Sanfilipo MP, Benedict RH, Zivadinov R, Bakshi R. Correction for intracranial volume in analysis of whole brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis: the proportion vs. residual method. Neuroimage 2004 22 1732 1743.
26. Okada Y, Ikata T, Katoh S, Yamada H. Morphologic analysis of the cervical spinal cord, dural tube, and spinal canal by magnetic resonance imaging in normal adults and patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine 1994 19 : 2331 2335.
27. Sherman JL, Nassaux PY, Citrin CM. Measurements of the normal cervical spinal cord on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1990 11 : 369 372.
28. Thorpe JW, Kidd D, Kendall BE, Tofts PS, Barker GJ, Thompson AJ, MacManus DG, McDonald WI, Miller DH. Spinal cord MRI using multi-array coils and fast spin echo. I. Technical aspects and findings in healthy adults. Neurology 1993 43 : 2625 2631.
29. Kameyama T, Hashizume Y, Sobue G. Morphologic features of the normal human cadaveric spinal cord. Spine 1996 21 : 1285 1290.
30. Tartaglino LM, Friedman DP, Flanders AE, Lublin FD, Knobler RL, Liem M. Multiple sclerosis in the spinal cord: MR appearance and correlation with clinical parameters. Radiology 1995 195 : 725 732.
31. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, Johnson KP, Sibley WA, Silberberg DH, Tourtellotte WW. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983 13 : 227 231.
32. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983 33 : 1444 1452.
33. Ferguson KJ, Wardlaw JM, Edmond CL, Deary IJ, Maclullich AM. Intracranial area: a validated method for estimating intracranial volume. J Neuroimaging 2005 15 : 76 78.
34. Kaveer Nandigam RN, Chen Yu-Wei, Gurol ME, Rosand J, Greenberg SM, Smith EE. Validation of intracranial area as a surrogate measure of intracranial volume when using clinical MRI. J Neuroimaging 2007 17 : 74 77.
35. Lin X, Blumhardt LD, Constantinescu CS. The relationship of brain and cervical cord volume to disability in clinical subtypes of multiple sclerosis: a three-dimensional MRI study. Acta Neurol Scand 2003 108 : 401 406.
36. Stevenson VL, Leary SM, Losseff NA, Parker GJ, Barker GJ, Husmani Y, Miller DH, Thompson AJ. Spinal cord atrophy and disability in MS: a longitudinal study. Neurology 1998 51 : 234 238.
37. Nyul LG, Udupa JK. On standardizing the MR image intensity scale. Magn Reson Med 1999 42 : 1072 1081.