'No time for recreations till the vote is won'? Suffrage activists and leisure in Edwardian Britain

Women's History Review

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 535-553

  Kay, Joyce ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51249153418     PISSN: 09612025     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09612020701445909     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. A.J.R. (Ed.) (1913) The Suffrage Annual and Women's Who's Who (London: Stanley Paul).
2. Elizabeth Crawford (2000) The Women's Suffrage Movement: a reference guide, 1866-1928 (London: Routledge), p. xi.
3. James Laver (1958) Edwardian Promenade (London: Hulton), p. 196.
4. E. Sylvia Pankhurst (1931) The Suffragette Movement (London: Longmans), pp. 220-221.
5. Christabel Pankhurst (1959) Unshackled: the story of how we won the vote (London: Hutchinson), p. 17.
6. June Purvis (2000) 'Deeds, Not Words': daily life in the WSPU in Edwardian Britain, in June Purvis & Sandra Stanley Hollon (Eds) Votes for Women (London: Roudedge), p. 138
7. Sandra Stanley Holton (1992) The Suffragist and the Average Woman, Women's History Review, 1, pp. 9-24.
8. Charles Loch Mowat (1961) The Charity Organisation Society (London: Methuen), p. 82.
9. Leah Leneman (1995) A Guid Cause: the women's suffrage movement in Scotland (Edinburgh: Mercat), p. 219.
10. Crawford, Women's Suffrage Movement
11. Diane Atkinson (1996) The Suffragettes in Pictures (Stroud: Museum of London/Sutton Publishing) have obtained much detailed information from the SAWWW.
12. See, for example, Leneman, Guid Cause; Martin Pugh (2000) The March of the Women (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
13. Andrew Rosen (1974) Rise Up, Women! The Militant Campaign of the Women's Social and Political Union, 1903-1914 (London: Routledge & Keegan Paul)
14. Sophia van Wingerden (1999) The Women's Suffrage Movement in Britain, 1866-1928 (Basingstoke: Macmillan).
15. Also Jihang Park (1988) The British Suffrage Activists of 1913: an analysis, Past and Present, 120, pp. 147-162.
16. Park, 'The British Suffrage Activists', p. 147; A.J.R. (Ed.), Suffrage Annual, foreword.
17. There is no mention of the suffrage campaign in the official history of Selffidges - Gordon Honeycombe (1984) Selfridges: 75 Years; the story of the store, 1909-84 (London: Park Lane Press) - perhaps because it escaped the window smashing that affected other West End shops. An approach to the present owners has yielded no further information.
18. For a discussion of women's 'experience' and 'language' in a post-structuralist context see Purvis (2000) 'Deeds, Not Words', note 10, pp. 153-154.
19. Amongst the arguments here is the notion that experience is a linguistic event. For the perception of self, see Ernesto Spirelli (1989) The Interpreted World: an introduction to phenomenologicalpsychology (London: Sage), chapter 5.
20. Even recent women's histories have failed to include sections on leisure and recreation; see, for example, Kathryn Gleadle (2001) British Women in the Nineteenth Century (Basingstoke: Palgrave)
21. Susie Steinbach (2004) Women in England, 1760-1914 (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson).
22. Kathleen E. McCrone (1988) Sport and the Physical Emancipation of English Women, 1870-1914 (London: Routledge), p. 286
23. Marilyn Constanzo (2002) 'One Can't Shake Off the Women': images of sport and gender in Punch, 1901-10, International Journal of the History of Sport, 19, p. 50.
24. For example, Jennifer A. Hargreaves (1985) 'Playing Like Gentlemen While Behaving Like Ladies': contradictory features of the formative years of women's sport, British Journal of Sports History, 2, pp. 40-52
25. Kathleen McCrone (1987) Play Up! Play Up! And Play the Game! Sport at The Late Victorian Girls' Public Schools, in J. A. Mangan & Roberta J. Park (Eds) From 'Fair Sex' to Feminism (London: Cass)
26. Jihang Park (1989) Sport, Dress Reform and the Emancipation of Women in Victorian England: a reappraisal, International Journal of the History of Sport, 6, pp. 10-30.
27. Neil Tranter (1998) Sport, Economy and Society in Britain, 1750-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p. 91.
28. Ladies Golf Union Yearbook, 1911 (London: LGU).
29. Golf Illustrated, 7 February 1913, p. 173, following damage to four golf courses in the Birmingham area, the first of many over the next eighteen months. Acid was poured onto the greens and turf torn up; sometimes VW or Votes for Women was carved into the ground.
30. Major Arthur Hughes Onslow (1913) Then and Now: hunting, in Alfred E. T. Watson (Ed.) Badminton Magazine of Sports and Pastimes (London: Hulton), 36, p. 136. The author made no attempt to quantify women active in field sports.
31. The Gentlewoman, 1913-14.
32. John Lowerson (2001) Foxhunting, in Karen Christensen, Allen Guttman & Gertrud Pfister (Eds) The International Encyclopedia of Women and Sports (New York: Macmillan), p. 432.
33. McCrone, Sport and the Physical Emancipation of English Women, p. 183
34. Leonora Davidoff, The Family in Britain, in F. M. L. Thompson (Ed.) Cambridge Social History of Britain, 1750-1950 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), vol. 2, p. 102. Insufficient information is available to quantify numbers of female cyclists.
35. Atkinson, The Suffragettes in Pictures, p. 14.
36. Chris Harvie (1994) Sport and the Scottish State, in G. Jarvie & G. Walker (Eds) Scottish Sport in the Making of the Nation (Leicester: Leicester University Press), p. 46.
37. The Gentlewoman, 4 October 1913, p. 451.
38. Liz Stanley with Anne Morley (1988) The Life and Death of Emily Wilding Davison (London: Women's Press), p. 19.
39. Transcript of tape, quoted in Joyce Marlow (Ed.) (2000) Votes for Women - the Virago book of suffragettes (London: Virago), p. 163.
40. B. M. Willmott Dobbie (1979) A Nest of Suffragettes in Somerset - Eagle House, Batheaston (Batheaslon: Batheaston Society), p. 10.
41. Lilias Mitchell, Suffrage Days (unpublished memoirs), I am grateful to the late Leah Leneman for letting me see a copy of this.
42. Martha Vicinus (1985) Independent Women: work and community for single women, 1850-1920 (London: Virago), p. 273.
43. Frances E. Slaughter (Ed.) (1898) The Sportswoman's Library (London: Constable).
44. See Catriona Parratt (1989) Athletic 'Womanhood': exploring sources for female sport in Victorian and Edwardian England, Journal of Sport History, 16, pp. 140-157
45. A.J.R. (Ed.), Suffrage Annual, p. 145.
46. John Benson (1994) The Rise of Consumer Society in Britain 1880-1980 (London: Longman), p. 40.
47. Erika D. Rappaport (1995) 'A New Era of Shopping': the promotion of women's pleasure in London's West End, 1909-1914, in Leo Charney & Vanessa R. Schwartz (Eds) Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life (Berkeley: University of California Press), p. 146.
48. Honeycombe, Selfridges, p. 44.
49. Rappaport, 'A New Era of Shopping', p. 137.
50. Jose Harris (1993) Private Lives, Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 24.
51. Eleanor Gordon & Gwyneth Nair (2003) Public Lives: women, family and society in Victorian Britain (Yale: Yale University Press), p. 217.
52. Vicinus, Independent Women, p. 298.
53. Virginia Woolf (1993 reprint edition) A Room of One's Own (London: Bloomsbury Publishing; first published 1928, London), p. 35.
54. Major Arthur Griffiths (1907) Clubs and Clubmen (London: Hutchinson), p. 153.
55. Sir Charles Petrie (1965) Scenes of Edwardian Life (London: Lyre & Spottiswoode), p. 40.
56. Griffiths, Clubs and Clubmen, p. 156.
57. David Rubinstein (1986) Before the Suffragettes: women's emancipation in the 1890s (Brighton: Harvester), p. 224.
58. Philippa Levine (1990) Feminist Lives in Victorian England: private roles and public commitment (Oxford: Blackwell), p. 67.
59. Gordon & Nair, Public Lives, p. 217.
60. Rubinstein, Before the Suffragettes, p. 226:
61. See, for example, Eve Anstruther (1899) Ladies' Clubs, Nineteenth Century, 45, p. 605
62. B. S. Knollys (1895) Ladies' Clubs in London, Englishwoman, pp. 120-125.
63. DeCourcy L. Dewar (1950) History of the Glasgow Society of Lady Artists' Club (Glasgow: Glasgow University Press), p. 10.
64. Gordon & Nair, Public lives, p. 117.
65. Levine, Feminist Lives in Victorian England, p. 67, suggests that clubs were particularly popular with single women.
66. Marlow, Votes for Women, p. 86.
67. See Purvis & Holton (Eds), Votes for Women, pp. 7-11. Over 100 items are listed up to 1999.
68. Tranter, Sport, Economy and Society in Britain, p. 92.