Gordon Pask: Cybernetic polymath

Leonardo

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 163-168

  Fernández, María ^a  

^a Cornell University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51249136741     PISSN: 0024094X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/leon.2008.41.2.162     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (36)

1. Jasia Reichardt, ed., Cybernetics, Art and Ideas (Greenwich, CT: New York Graphic Society, 1971) pp. 71-99
2. Gordon Pask, .An Approach to Cybernetics (New York: Harper, 1961) pp. 48, 94
3. Paul Pangaro, "Cybernetics, a definition,"
4. See Ranulf Glanville, "Gordon Pask - A Skeleton for an Unofficial Biography," in "Gordon Pask: A Festschrift," Systems Research 10, No. 3 (1993) pp. 9-11. Following are published books by Pask: Gordon Pask, An Approach to Cybernetics (London: Hutchinson, 1961)
5. Gordon Pask, The Cybernetics of Human Learning and Performance (London: Hutchinson 1975)
6. Gordon Pask, Conversation, Cognition and Learning (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1975)
7. Gordon Pask, Conversation Theory, Applications in Education and Epistemology (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1976)
8. Gordon Pask, Ranulph Glanville and Mike Robinson, Calculator Saturnalia, Or, Travels with a Calculator: A Compendium of Diversions & Improving Exercises for Ladies and Gentlemen (London: VVildwood, 1981)
9. Gordon Pask and Susan Curran, Microman: Living and Growing with Computers (London: Macmillan, 1982)
10. Jack Burnham, Introduction to Jack Burnham, Great Western Salt Works: Essays on the Meaning of Post-Formalist Art (New York: George Braziller, 1974) p. 11
11. Gordon Pask, The Protologic Lp, technical memorandum (Surrey, U.K.: Systems Research Limited, 1978)
12. Ludwig von Bertalanffy, General Systems Theory: Foundations, Development, Applications (New York: Braziller, 1969) p. 38
13. Von Bertalanffy [10] pp. 12, 92-93
14. Gordon Pask, "A Comment, A. Case History and a Plan," in Reichardt [1] p. 76
15. see also Bernard Scott, "Gordon Pask's Conversation Theory: A. Domain Independent Constructivist Model of Human Knowing," in A. Riegler, ed., special issue "The Impact of Radical Constructivism in Science," Foundations of Science 6, No. 4, 343-360 (2001)
16. For a discussion of the relations between Musicolour and later keyboard instructors, see Paul Pangaro, "Pask as Dramaturg," in "Gordon Pask: A Festschrift" [5] pp. 135-142
17. Peter Cariani, "To Evolve an Ear: Epistemological Implications of Gordon Pask's Electrochemical Devices," Systems Research 10, No. 3, 19-33 (1993)
18. For critical analyses of A-Life narratives, see N. Katherine Hayles, "Narratives of Artificial Life," in George Robertson et al., eds., Future Natural: Nature, Science, Culture (London: Routledge, 1996) pp. 146-64
19. Sarah Kember, Cyberfeminism and Artificial Life (London: Routledge, 2003)
20. Mitchell Whitelaw, "Theorizing A-Life, Art and Culture," in Mitchell Whitelaw, Metacreation: Art and Artificial Life (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004) pp. 181-205
21. Edward A. Shanken, "'Life as We Know It' and/or 'Life as It Could Be': Epistemology and the Ontogeny/Ontology of Artificial Life," Leonardo 31, No. 5, 383-388 (1998)
22. Martha Prather, Alexander Colder, 1898-1976, exh. cat., National Gallery of Art, Washington, 29 March-12 July 1998 (Yale Univ. Press, 1998)
23. Carmen Gimenez and Alexander S.C. Rower, eds., Calder: Gravity and Grace (London: Phaidon Press, 2004)
24. Gordon Pask, "A Proposed Evolutionary Model," in Heinz von Foerster and George Zopf, eds., Principles of Self Organization (London: Pergamon, 1961) p. 229
25. Peter Cariani, "Adaptivity and Emergence in Organisms and Devices," World Futures 32 (1991) pp. 111-132
26. Stephen Johnson, Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2001)
27. Gordon Pask, "Artificial Organisms," General Systems Yearbook 4 (1959) p. 151
28. In these theorizations there was tension between Pask's ideas of the observer's involved participation in the system and the observer's detachment required for objective scientific observation. Such tensions were to be annulled in second-order cybernetics, a field to which Pask's work was foundational. See Glanville [5] p. 10
29. Myron Krueger, "Responsive Environments [1977]," in Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds., Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality (New York: Norton, 2001) p. 106
30. Christopher Langton, "Artificial Life," in Timothy Druckrey with Ars Electronica, eds., Ars Electronica: Facing the Future (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1999) p. 261
31. For a more detailed exposition of these ideas see Christopher Langton, Artificial Life (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997)
32. Whitelaw, Metacreation [24]
33. Humberto R. Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living (Boston: Reidel, 1980)
34. Ken Rinaldo, Interactive Robotic Sculptures 1990-2004, videotape (2004)
35. Usman Haque,
36. See Usman Haque and Paul Pangaro, Paskian environments,