Social democracy and partition: The British labour party and Northern Ireland, 1951-64

Journal of Contemporary History

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2007, Pages 595-612

  Edwards, Aaron ^a  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 51249122411     PISSN: 00220094     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022009407081487     Document Type: Review

References (73)

1. B. Purdie, 'The Friends of Ireland: British Labour and Irish Nationalism, 1945-49', in T. Gallagher and J. O'Connell (eds), Contemporary Irish Studies (Manchester 1983), 81-94
2. P. Rose, How the Troubles Came to Northern Ireland (Basingstoke 2001), 7-8
3. E. Rumpf and A.C. Hepburn, Nationalism and Socialism in Twentieth Century Ireland (Liverpool 1977), 208
4. P.G. Dixon, 'The British Labour Party and Northern Ireland, 1959-74' (unpublished PhD thesis, University of Bradford, 1993)
5. Rose, How the Troubles Came, op. cit., 8
6. Dixon, 'British Labour Party', op. cit., 73
7. B. Barton, 'Relations between Westminster and Stormont during the Attlee Premiership', Irish Political Studies, 7 (1992), 19
8. P. Bew, H. Patterson and P. Teague, Between War and Peace: The Political Future of Northern Ireland (London 1997), 19
9. Purdie, 'The Friends of Ireland', op. cit., 83
10. Cited in P. Bew and H. Patterson, The British State and the Ulster Crisis: From Wilson to Thatcher (London 1985), 9
11. G. Bell, Troublesome Business: The Labour Party and the Irish Question (London 1982), 98
12. State of the Labour Movement in Northern Ireland, June 1949, LPA, GS12/N1/45ii
13. C. Norton, 'The Irish Labour Party in Northern Ireland, 1949-58', Saothar, 21 (1996), 47-59
14. State of the Labour Movement in Northern Ireland, June 1949, LPA, GS12/NI/45ii
15. NILP, Report of the 26th Annual NILP Conference (1949), LPA, GS12/NI/6/XXVII
16. Napier to Phillips, Difficulties raised by authoritative statement from British Labour sources dealing with Northern Ireland, December 1949, LPA, GS12/Nl/69/ii-iv
17. For more on the APL see B. Purdie, 'The Irish Anti-Partitionist League, South Armagh and the Abstentionist Tactic 1945-58', Irish Political Studies, 1 (1986), 67-77
18. Purdie, 'The Friends of Ireland', op. cit., 81-94
19. G. Walker, A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmatism and Pessimism (Manchester 2004), 106-7
20. Napier to Phillips, 2 March 1949, LPA, GS12/N1/23
21. T. Cradden, 'Labour in Britain and the Northern Ireland Labour Party, 1900-1970', in P. Catterall and S. McDougal (eds), The Northern Ireland Question in British Politics (Basingstoke 1996), 79-80
22. Belfast Telegraph, 3 January 1948
23. R. Kimber, British Governments and Elections since 1945, http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/ge51/results.htm
24. B. Black, 'Triumph of Voluntarism? Industrial Relations and Strikes in Northern Ireland in World War Two', Labour History Review, 70(1) (April 2005), 8
25. J.A.V. Graham, 'The Consensus-Forming Strategy of the Northern Ireland Labour Party, 1949-1968' (unpublished MSc thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1972), 33
26. P. Bew, P. Gibbon and H. Patterson, Northern Ireland 1921-2001: Political Forces and Social Classes (London 2002), 140
27. See Graham, 'Consensus-Forming Strategy', op. cit., 27-33
28. H. Patterson, Ireland since 1939 (Oxford 2002), 144
29. Belfast Telegraph, 10 October 1953
30. NILP, Where Ulster Labour Stands (1953)
31. S. Elliott, Northern Ireland Parliamentary Results, 1921-1972 (Chichester 1973), 116
32. C. Brett, 'The Lessons of Devolution in Northern Ireland', Political Quarterly, 41(3) (1970), 261-80
33. NILP, There's a Job to Do (1953)
34. What Ulster Labour Will Do (1953)
35. Ulster First (1955)
36. Rents and Houses (1956)
37. Election Manifesto (1958)
38. Patterson, Ireland since 1939, op. cit., 201
39. Herbert Morrison to Morgan Phillips, 6 October 1959, LPA, GS12/NI/207i
40. Phillips to Morrison, 27 October 1959, LPA, GS12/N1/208
41. Northern Ireland Documents 1960-63, Gaitskell to Seawright, 16 October 1963, LPA, GS12/N1. Gaitskell said that 'the policies of both the Northern Ireland Labour Party and the British Labour Party have one common objective - to bring new vigour and justice to Northern Ireland as an integral part of a greater plan for the United Kingdom as a whole'
42. See Rose, How the Troubles Came, op. cit., 20-8
43. G. Walker, Intimate Strangers: Political and Cultural Interaction between Ulster and Scotland in Modern Times (Edinburgh 1995), 141
44. LPA, The Labour Party and Northern Ireland
45. Northern Ireland Papers (NILP Correspondence), LPA, GS12/NI/101-221. Transport House was the British Labour Party's headquarters at the time
46. Cradden, 'Labour in Britain', op. cit., 85
47. David Bleakley, speaking at the Centre (now Institute) for Contemporary British History Witness Seminar on 'British Policy in Northern Ireland, 1964-70', held on 14 January 1992 at the European Commission Offices, London. My thanks to Dr Thomas Hennessey for passing on the transcript
48. See Dixon, 'British Labour Party', op. cit., 63
49. LPA, Agenda for the 59th Annual Conference of the Labour Party, 3-7 October 1960, 49
50. 1960 Annual Conference 'Ireland' Resolution 178, Agenda, 49, LPA, GS12/N1, Northern Ireland Documents 1960-63
51. Dixon, 'British Labour Party', op. cit., 188
52. 1957 Kingston-upon-Thames CLP and amendments by Birmingham, who wanted troops deleted from the resolution, resolution 163, 42
53. Manchester, Ardwick CLP resolution 207, 39, 1958
54. LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents 1960-63
55. Napier to Williams, 30 January 1961, LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents 1960-63
56. 'Notes with Reference to Reg Sorenson's Letter, Re. Northern Ireland', LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents, 1960-63
57. Napier to Williams (National Agent and Deputy General Secretary of the Labour Party), 23 January 1961, LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents, 1960-63
58. On the historical background to Catholic immigration in the Lancashire region (and Salford in particular) see S. Fielding, Class and Ethnicity: Irish Catholics in England, 1880-1939 (Buckingham 1993)
59. Harold Wilson to Morgan Phillips, 10 November 1958, LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents
60. LPA, Labour Party Report (1963)
61. Interview with Rt Hon. David Bleakley, 21 March 2006. Bleakley was the NILP's Chairman in 1957-8 and MP for Belfast Victoria 1958-65
62. Report of the Fraternal Delegate to the NILP Annual Conference, Portadown, 18-19 April 1960, NEC, 25 May 1960, LPA, GS12/NI, Northern Ireland Documents, 1960-63
63. LPA, The New Britain (1964)
64. S. Fielding, '"White Heat" and White Collars: the Evolution of "Wilsonism"', in R. Coopey, S. Fielding and N. Tiratsoo (eds), The Wilson Governments, 1964-1970 (London 1995), 29-47
65. NILP, Signposts to the New Ulster (1964)
66. LPA, British Labour Party Parliamentary Labour Party Annual Report Session 1963-64, 85
67. F. Wright, Northern Ireland: A Comparative Analysis (Dublin 1992), 187
68. NILP, Draft Organisation Section: Executive Committee Report (1964), PRONI D/3233/1/5
69. Belfast Telegraph, 6 May 1964
70. T. O'Neill, The Autobiography of Terence O'Neill: Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, 1963-1969 (London 1972), 62
71. See G. Warner, 'Putting Pressure on O'Neill: The Wilson Government and Northern Ireland, 1964-69', Irish Studies Review, 13(1) (2005), 14-15
72. See H. Patterson, 'British Governments and the Protestant Backlash', in Y. Alexander and A. O'Day (eds), Ireland's Terrorist Dilemma (Lancaster 1986), 231-47
73. Interview with Rt Hon. David Bleakley, 21 March 2006