Coming to terms with complexity: a call to action for HIV prevention

The Lancet

Volumn 372, Issue 9641, 2008, Pages 845-859

  Piot, Peter ^a   Bartos, Michael ^a   Larson, Heidi ^b,c   Zewdie, Debrework ^d   Mane, Purnima ^e  

^a UNAIDS   (Switzerland)

^b CLARK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c HARVARD CENTER FOR POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES   (United States)

^d WORLD BANK   (United States)

^e UNITED NATIONS POPULATION FUND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; BUPRENORPHINE; METHADONE;

ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; CONDOM; CULTURAL FACTOR; EPIDEMIC; FUNDING; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH EDUCATION; HEALTH PROGRAM; HEALTH PROMOTION; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION PREVENTION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ABUSE; LEADERSHIP; METHADONE TREATMENT; OPIATE ADDICTION; PATIENT COUNSELING; POLITICS; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SAFE SEX; SCALE UP; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL EDUCATION; SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE; SOCIAL ASPECT; TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED NATIONS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

EID: 50949133635     PISSN: 01406736     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60888-0     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. UNAIDS. UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic-2008. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, 2008 (in press).
2. Bertozzi S.M., Laga M., Bautista-Arredondo S., and Coutinho A. Making HIV prevention programmes work. Lancet (2008) 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60889-2 published online Aug 6.
3. UNAIDS Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Support Team. Review of HIV prevention response of the UN in Lesotho: joint UN team on AIDS in Lesotho. Johannesburg, South Africa: Mission of the Regional Inter-Agency Prevention Working Group, 2007. http://www.unaidsrstesa.org/Documents/unaids_toolkit/data/D011_LesothoIn terAgencyReviewMissionOnHivPrevention_Mission_Report.pdf (accessed June 18, 2008).
4. van Griensven F. The epidemiology of HIV and STI among men who have sex with men and transgender in Asia. Presentation at the 8th International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific. Colombo, Sri Lanka, 19-23 August, 2007.
5. Baxter D. Bangkok's MSM HIV Explosion-precursor for Asia's mega-cities?. HIV Australia 5 (2006) 6-11
6. Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Towards universal access by 2010: Thailand national HIV and AIDS program (2006), Bureau Of AIDS, TB and STIs, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
7. UNAIDS. Practical Guidelines for Intensifying HIV Prevention (2007), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
8. Rao Gupta G., Parkhurst J.O., Ogden J.A., Aggleton P., and Mahal A. Structural approaches to HIV prevention. Lancet (2008) 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60887-9 published online Aug 6.
9. Jegede A.S. What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign?. PLoS Med 4 (2007) e73 10.1371/journal.pmed.0040073
10. UNFPA. Culture matters. working with communities and faith-based organizations: case studies from country programmes (2004), United Nations Population Fund, New York, USA
11. Anderson R.M. The spread of HIV and sexual mixing patterns. In: Mann J.M., and Tarantola D.J.M. (Eds). AIDS in the world II: global dimensions, social roots, and responses (1996), Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA 71-86
12. UNODC. 2007 world drug report (2007), United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Vienna, Austria. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/research/wdr07/WDR_2007.pdf (accessed Jan 17, 2008).
13. Beckerleg S., Telfer M., and Hundt G.L. The rise of injecting drug use in east Africa: a case study from Kenya. Harm Reduct J 2 (2005) 12
14. IRIN Africa. West Africa: Impunity and low risk make region "haven" for traffickers (July 5, 2007). http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportId=73105 (accessed Jan 23, 2008).
15. UNAIDS Eastern Europe and Central Asia. AIDS epidemic update: regional summary Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (2008). http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/jc1529_epibriefs_eeurope_casia_en .pdf (accessed June 20, 2008).
16. UNAIDS. AIDS in Africa: three scenarios to 2025 (2004), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
17. Padian N.S., Buvé A., Balkus J., Serwadda D., and Cates Jr. W. Biomedical interventions to prevent HIV infection: evidence, challenges, and way forward. Lancet (2008) 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60885-5 published online Aug 6.
18. Halperin D., Steiner M.J., Cassell M.M., et al. The time has come for common ground on preventing sexual transmission of HIV. Lancet 363 (2004) 1913-1914
19. UNAIDS. Intensifying HIV prevention: UNAIDS policy position paper (2005), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. http://data.unaids.org/publications/irc-pub06/jc1165-intensif_hiv-newsty le_en.pdf (accessed Jan 17, 2008).
20. Coates T.J., Richter L., and Caceres C. Behavioural strategies to reduce HIV transmission: how to make them work better. Lancet (2008) 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60886-7 published online Aug 6.
21. US CDC. Updated compendium of evidence-based interventions (2008), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/research/prs/evidence-based-interventions. htm (accessed Jan 16, 2008).
22. Dunkle K.L., Stephenson R., Karita E., et al. New heterosexually transmitted HIV infections in married or cohabiting couples in urban Zambia and Rwanda: an analysis of survey and clinical data. Lancet 371 (2008) 2183-2191
23. Wabrire-Mangen F. Rapid assessment of trends and drivers of the HIV epidemic and effectiveness of prevention interventions in Uganda (2006), Uganda AIDS Commission, Kampala, Uganda
24. de Walque D. Discordant couples: HIV infection among couples in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, and Tanzania. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No 3956 (2006), World Bank, Washington, DC, USA
25. Lingappa J.R., Lambdin B., Bukusi E.A., et al. Regional differences in prevalence of HIV-1 discordance in Africa and enrollment of HIV-1 discordant couples into an HIV-1 prevention trial (2008). http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0001411#pon e.0001411-Allen1 (accessed April 28, 2008).
26. Vernazza P., Hirschel B., Bernasconi E., and Flepp M. Les personnes séropositives ne souffrant d'aucune autre MST et suivant un traitement antirétroviral efficace ne transmettent pas le VIH par voie sexuelle. Bull Med Suisses 89 (2008) 165-169. http://www.saez.ch/pdf_f/2008/2008-05/2008-05-089.PDF (accessed Feb 5, 2008).
27. Morris M., and Kretzchmar M. Concurrent partnerships and the spread of HIV. AIDS 11 (1997) 681-683
28. Halperin D., and Epstein H. Concurrent sexual partnerships help to explain Africa's high HIV prevalence: implications for prevention. Lancet 364 (2004) 4-6
29. Wellings K., Collumbien M., Slaymaker E., et al. Sexual behaviour in context: a global perspective. Lancet 368 (2006) 1706-1728
30. Garnett G.P. Theory is critical in understanding the risks of acquiring HIV. Sex Transm Dis 34 (2007) 737-738
31. Prieur A. Norwegian gay men: reasons for continued practice of unsafe sex. AIDS Educ Prev 2 (1990) 101-115
32. Soul City Research Unit. HIV prevention: multiple and concurrent sexual partnerships among youths and adults in South Africa (2007), Soul City Institute, Johannesburg, South Africa. http://www.soulcity.org.za/programmes/research/target-audience-research/ soul-city-series/South_Africa_MCP_Report_final.pdf/ (accessed June 16, 2008).
33. Izazola-Licea J.A., and Valladares R. Financing and expenditure in response to HIV/AIDS in Latin America and the Caribbean (2002), International Development Bank, Washington, DC
34. Health Policy Initiative. HIV expenditure on MSM programming in the Asia-Pacific region. Presented at International Consultation on Male sexual health and HIV in Asia and the Pacific. New Delhi, India: September 22-26, 2006.
35. Commission on AIDS in Asia. Redefining AIDS in Asia: crafting an effective response (2008), Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/20080326_report_commission_aids_e n.pdf (accessed May 26, 2008).
36. van Griensven F. Men who have sex with men and their HIV epidemics in Africa. AIDS 21 (2007) 1361-1362
37. UNAIDS. Information Dashboard. UNAIDS Country Coordinator Annual Reports 2007 (2007), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
38. Grunseit A., Kippax S., Aggleton P., Baldo M., and Slutkin G. Sexuality education and young people's sexual behavior: a review of studies. J Adolesc Res 12 (1997) 421-453
39. Committee on the Prevention of HIV Infection among Injecting Drug Users in High-Risk Countries, Institute of Medicine. Preventing HIV infection among injecting drug users in high-risk countries an assessment of the evidence (2006), The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, USA
40. WHO/UNODC/UNAIDS. Draft technical guide for countries to set targets for universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care for injecting drug users (2008), WHO/UNODC/UNAIDS, Geneva: Switzerland. http://www.who.int/hiv/idu/TechnicalGuideTargetSettingApril08.pdf (accessed June 16 2008).
41. The Travel Resource Centre, INDRO. International coordination and information service for drug substitution patients seeking to travel abroad (2008), INDRO, Münster, Germany. http://www.indro-online.de/nia.htm (accessed April 14, 2008).
42. Cohen. HIV/AIDS in India: the needle and the damage done. Science 304 (2004) 509-512
43. Chandrasekaran P., Dallabetta G., Loo V., Rao S., Gayle H., and Alexander A. Containing HIV/AIDS in India: the unfinished agenda. Lancet Infect Dis 6 (2007) 508-521
44. State Council HIV/AIDS Working Committee Office. A joint assessment of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care in China (2004), State Council HIV/AIDS Working Committee Office and UN Theme Group on HIV/AIDS in China, Beijing, China
45. Hammett T.M., Wu Z., Duc T.T., et al. 'Social evils' and harm reduction: the evolving policy environment for human immunodeficiency virus prevention among injection drug users in China and Vietnam. Addiction 103 (2008) 137-145
46. Mesquita F., Winarso I., Atmosukarto I.I., et al. Public health the leading force of the Indonesian response to the HIV/AIDS crisis among people who inject drugs. Harm Reduct J 4 (2007) 9
47. Schleifer R. Rhetoric and risk: human rights abuses impeding Ukraine's fight against HIV/AIDS (2006), Human Rights Watch, New York, USA. http://hrw.org/reports/2006/ukraine0306/ (accessed Jan 20, 2008).
48. PMTCT Global Partners Forum. Consensus statement on achieving universal access to comprehensive prevention of mother-to-child transmission services (2007), UNICEF, New York, USA. www.unicef.org/aids/files/GPF_PMTCT_consensus_statement.pdf (accessed May 26, 2008).
49. Degenhardt L., Mathers B., Guarinieri M., et al. The global epidemiology of methamphetamine injection: A review of the evidence on use and associations with HIV and other harm. Thematic report produced for the reference group to the UN on injecting drug use (2008), National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
50. UNICEF, UNAIDS, WHO. Children and AIDS: Second stocktaking report (2008), UNICEF, New York, USA. http://www.unicef.org/aids/files/ChildrenAIDS_SecondStocktakingReport.pd f (accessed June 10, 2008).
51. WHO. Towards universal access: scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress Report 2008 (2008), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
52. Inter-Agency Task Team on Prevention of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women, Mothers and their Children. Guidance on global scale-up of the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV: towards universal access for women, infants and young children and eliminating HIV and AIDS among children (2007), WHO, Geneva: Switzerland. http://www.unicef.org/aids/files/PMTCT_enWEBNov26.pdf (accessed June 10, 2008).
53. Piot P., Russell S., and Larson H. Good politics, bad politics: the experience of AIDS. Am J Publ Health 97 (2007) 1934-1936
54. Treatment Action Campaign. Making HIV prevention work. Equal Treatment, Newsletter of the Treatment Action Campaign (2006), Treatment Action Campaign, Cape Town, South Africa. http://www.tac.org.za/documents/et21.pdf (accessed April 14, 2008).
55. Government of Sweden. Standing up for HIV prevention: Towards a global movement for HIV prevention advocacy. Conference in Stockholm, Sweden (May, 2006). http://www.sida.se/shared/jsp/download.jsp?f=SIDA29040en_Speaking_up_HIV .pdf&a=24040 (accessed April 30, 2008).
56. Galvão J. Brazil and access to HIV/AIDS drugs: a question of human rights and public health. Am J Public Health 95 (2005) 1110-1116
57. Watney S. Practices of freedom: 'citizenship' and the politics of identity in the age of AIDS. In: Rutherford J. (Ed). Identity. Community, Culture, Difference (1990), Lawrence & Wishart, London, UK 157-187
58. Jitsuchon S. Sources and pro-poorness of Thailand's economic growth. Thammasat Econ J 24 (2006) 68-105
59. Helguera G., Acuna M.L., Chavez-Peon F., and Sepulveda J. Social mobilization in the prevention of AIDS. Int Conf AIDS 6 (1990) 294
60. Federal Ministry of Health. Accelerated access to HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in Ethiopia. Road Map for 2007-2008/10 (2005), Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. http://www.etharc.org/publications/moh/eth_hivroadmap2007-2010.pdf (accessed April 3, 2008).
61. In: Crimp D. (Ed). AIDS: cultural analysis/cultural activism (1988), MIT Press, Cambridge, USA
62. Merson M.H., O'Malley J., Serwadda D., and Apisuk C. The history and challenge of HIV prevention. Lancet (2008) 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60884-3 published online Aug 6.
63. Hallet T.B., Aberle-Grasse J., Bello G., et al. Declines in HIV prevalence can be associated with changing sexual behaviour in Uganda, urban Kenya, Zimbabwe, and urban Haiti. Sex Transm Infect 82 (2006) 1-8
64. Hankins C. From a vicious circle to a virtuous circle: reinforcing strategies of risk, vulnerability, and impact reduction for HIV prevention. Lancet 364 (2004) 1915-1916
65. UNAIDS. Expanding the global response to HIV/AIDS through focused action. Reducing risk and vulnerability: definitions, rationale and pathways (1998), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
66. UNAIDS. The global strategy framework on HIV/AIDS (2001), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. http://data.unaids.org/Publications/IRC-pub02/JC637-GlobalFramew_en.pdf (accessed June 10, 2008).
67. Population Council. Engaging communities in supporting HIV prevention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Zambia. Research Summary (2008), Horizons/The Population Council, Washington, DC, USA. http://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/horizons/Zambia_ARVAdherenceSum.pdf (accessed June 16, 2008).
68. Samuels F., Simbaya J., Sarna A., Geibel S., Ndubani P., and Kamwanga J. Engaging communities in supporting HIV prevention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Zambia, Horizons Research Summary (2008), Population Council, Washington, DC, USA
69. SADC. Expert think tank meeting on HIV prevention in high-prevalence countries in southern Africa (2006), Southern African Development Community, Gabarone, Botswana. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2006/20060601_sadc_meeting_report_en.p df (accessed June 3, 2008).
70. Whiteside A., and Whalley A. Reviewing "emergencies" in Swaziland. Shifting the paradigm in a new era (2007), Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, Mbabane, Swaziland. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2007/swaziland%20emergency%20report_fi nal%20pdf_en.pdf (accessed June 3, 2008).
71. Madon T., Hofman K.J., Kupfer L., and Glass R.I. Implementation science. Science 318 (2007) 1728-1729
72. Rogers E.M., Medina U.E., Rivera M.A., and Wiley C.J. Complex adaptive systems and the diffusion of innovations. Pub Sector Innov J 10 (2005) 1-26
73. Alexander A. Presentation at Partnerships: working together for global health. Global Health Council Conference, Washington, DC, USA (May 30, 2007). http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/uploaded_files/050307_ghc_open_ day1_transcript1.pdf (accessed June 17, 2008).
74. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Report on progress towards implementation of the UN Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS (2008), Federal HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/ethiopia_2008_country_progress_re port_en.pdf (accessed April 4, 2008).
75. UNAIDS. Three Ones. Key Principles (2004), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. http://data.unaids.org/UNA-docs/Three-Ones_KeyPrinciples_en.pdf (accessed April 12, 2008).
76. Whiteside A. HIV/AIDS: a very short introduction (2008), Oxford University press, Oxford, UK
77. UNAIDS. Financial resources required to achieve universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support (2007), Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland
78. Stover J., Bertozzi S., Gutierrez J.P., et al. The global impact of scaling up HIV/AIDS prevention programs in low- and middle-income countries. Science 311 (2006) 1474-1476
79. Piot P. AIDS: from crisis management to sustained strategic response. Lancet 368 (2006) 526-530
80. aids2031 consortium. Developing an agenda for the future: anticipating 50 years of AIDS (2008). http://www.aids2031.org/pdfs/aids2031%20-%20overview%20of%20aids2031-%20 march%207%202008.doc (accessed April 30, 2008).
81. UN General Assembly. Declaration of commitment on HIV/AIDS and political declaration on HIV/AIDS: midway to the Millennium Development Goals. Report of the Secretary-General (A/62/780) (April, 2008). http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/20080429_sg_progress_report_en.pd f (accessed June 10, 2008).