Evolution of skull and mandible shape in cats (Carnivora: Felidae)

PLoS ONE

Volumn 3, Issue 7, 2008, Pages

  Christiansen, Per ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BODY SIZE; CANINE TOOTH; CAT; COMPARATIVE ANATOMY; CONTROLLED STUDY; EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTATION; FEMALE; MALE; MANDIBLE; MASTICATION; MORPHOLOGICAL ADAPTATION; NONHUMAN; PREDATION; SKULL; ANIMAL; AUDIOVISUAL EQUIPMENT; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; EVOLUTION; FELIDAE; HISTOLOGY; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SPECIES DIFFERENCE;

CARNIVORA; FELIDAE;

ANIMALS; BITE FORCE; BODY SIZE; CATS; EVOLUTION; FELIDAE; FEMALE; MALE; MANDIBLE; MODELS, ANATOMIC; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SKULL; SPECIES SPECIFICITY;

EID: 50949111212     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002807     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Martin LD (1980) Functional morphology and the evolution of cats. Trans Nebraska Acad Sci 8: 141-154.
2. Turner A, Antón M (1997) The big cats and their fossil relatives. An illustrated guide to their evolution and natural history. New York. Columbia University Press. 234 p.
3. Leyhausen P (1979) Cat behavior. New York: Garland STPM Press. 340 p.
4. Biknevicius AR, Van Valkenburgh B (1996) Design for killing: Craniodental adaptations of predators. In: Gittleman JL, ed. Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution, vol. II. New York. Cornell University Press. pp 393-428.
5. Christiansen P, Wroe SM (2007) Bite forces and evolutionary adaptations to feeding ecology in carnivores. Ecology 88: 347-358.
6. Emerson SB, Radinsky LB (1980) Functional analysis of sabertooth cranial morphology. Paleobiol 6: 295-312.
7. Simpson GG (1941) The function of saber-like canines in carnivorous mammals. Am Mus Novit 1130: 1-12.
8. Kurtén B (1954) The Chinese Hipparion fauna. Comment Biol Soc Sci Fenn 13: 1-82.
9. Miller GJ (1984) One the jaw mechanism of Smilodon californicus Bovard and some other carnivores. Imperial Valley College Mus Soc Occ Pap 7: 1-107.
10. Akersten WA (1985) Canine function in Smilodon (Mammalia; Felidae; Machairodontinae). Contr Sci Nat Hist Mus Los Angeles County 356: 1-22.
11. Antón M, Galobart A (1999) Neck function and predatory behavior in the scimitar toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen). J Vert Paleontol 19: 771-784.
12. Antón M, Salesa MJ, Pastro JF, Sánchez IM, Fraile S, et al. (2004) Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae). Zool J Linn Soc 140: 207-221.
13. McHenry CR, Wroe SM, Clausen PD, Moreno K, Cunningham E (2007) Supermodeled sabercat, predatory behaviour in Smilodon fatalis revealed by high-resolution 3D computer simulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104: 16010-16015.
14. Christiansen P (2006) Sabertooth characters in the clouded leopard ( Neofelis nebulosa Griffiths, 1821). J Morphol 267: 1186-1198.
15. Goswami A (2006) Morphological integration in the carnivoran skull. Evolution 60: 169-183.
16. Christiansen P (2008) Evolutionary changes in craniomandibular shape in the great cats (Neofelis Griffith and Panthera Oken). Biol J Linn Soc 92.
17. Tucker R (1954) Studies in functional and analytical craniology. I-III. Austr J Zool 2: 381-411.
18. Buckland-Wright JC (1978) Bone structure and the patterns of force transmission in the cat skull (Felis catus). J Morphol 155: 35-62.
19. Roberts D (1979) Mechanical structure and function of the craniofascial skeleton of the domestic dog. Acta Anat 103: 422-433.
20. Russell AP, Thomason JJ (1993) Mechanical analysis of the mammalian head skeleton. In: Hanken J, Hall BK, eds. The Skull, vol. 3. Chicago: Chicago University Press. pp 345-383.
21. Wroe SM, Milne N (2007) Convergence and remarkably consistent constraint in the evolution of carnivore skull shape. Evolution 61: 1251-1260.
22. Gray JE (1867) Notes on the skulls of the cats (Frlidæ). Proc Zool Soc Lond 1867: 258-277.
23. Christiansen P (2008) Evolutionary convergence of primitive sabertooth craniomandibular morphology: the clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) and Paramachairodus ogyia compared. J Mammal Evol.
24. Werdelin L (1983) Morphological patterns in the skulls of cats. Biol J Linn Soc 19: 375-391.
25. Zelditch ML, Fink WL, Swiderski DL (1995) Morphometrics, homology, and phylogenetics: Quantified characters as synapomorphies. Syst Biol 44: 179-189.
26. Salles LO (1992) Felid phylogenetics: Extant taxa and skull morphology (Felidae, Aeluroidea). Am Mus Novit 3047: 1-67.
27. Van Valkenburgh B, Slater G (2007) Long in tooth: Evolution of sabertooth cat cranial shape. J Morphol 268: 114-4.
28. Christiansen P (2007) Comparative biteforces and canine bending strengths in feline and sabretooth felids: implications for predatory ecology. ZoolJ Linn Soc 151:423-437.
29. Herring SW, Herring SE (1970) The superficial masseter and gape in mammals. Am Nat 108: 561-576.
30. Bryant HN (1996) Force generation by the jaw adductor musculature at different gapes in the Pleistocene sabretoothed felid Smilodon. In: Stewart KM, Seymour KL, eds. Palaeoecology and palaeoenvironments of Late Cenozoic mammals. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp 283-299.
31. Sunquist ME, Sunquist F (2002) Wild cats of the World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 452 p.
32. Carbone C, Mace GM, Roberts SC, MacDonald DW (1999) Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores. Nature 402: 286-288.
33. Carbone C, Teacher A, Rowcliffe JM (2007) The costs of carnivory. PLoS Biol 5: e22.
34. Haltenorth T (1936) Die verwandtchaftliche Stellung der Großkatzen zueinander. I. Beschreibung der Schadelknochen. Z Saugetierk 11: 32-105.
35. Haltenorth T (1937) Die venwandtschafliche Stellung der Großkatzen zueinander. VII. Z Säugetierk 12: 97-240.
36. Gittleman JL (1986) Carnivore brain size, behavioral ecology and phylogeny. J Mammal 67: 23-36.
37. Therrien F (2005) Mandibular force profiles of extant carnivorans and implications for the feeding behaviour of extinct predators. J Zool Lond 267: 249-270.
38. Hunt RM Jr (1996) Biogeography of the order Carnivora. In: Gittleman JL, ed. Carnivore behavior, ecology, and evolution. vol. II. New York: Cornell University. Press. pp 485-541.
39. Palomares F, Caro TM (1999) Interspecific killing among mammalian carnivores. Am Nat 153: 492-508.
40. Cooper SM (1991) Optimal hunting group size: the need for lions to defend their kills against loss to spotted hyenas. Afr J Ecol 29: 130-136.
41. Mills MGL, Biggs HC (1993) Prey apportionment and related ecological relationships between large carnivores in Kruger National Park. In: Dunstone N, Gorman ML, eds. Mammals as predators. London: Symposium of the Zoological Society of London. pp 256-268.
42. Lewis M (1996) Carnivoran paleoguilds of Africa: Implications for hominid food procurement strategies. J Human Evol 32: 257-288.
43. Gorman MI, Mills MG, Raath JP, Speakman JR (1998) High hunting costs make African wild dogs vulnerable to kleptoparasitism, by hyaenas. Nature 391: 479-481.
44. Creel S (2001) Four factors modifying the effects of competition on carnivore population dynamics illustrated by African dogs. Cons Biol 15: 271-274.
45. Van Valkenburgh B, Hertel F (1993) Tough times at la Brea: Tooth breakage in large carnivores of the Late Pleistocene. Science 261: 456-459.
46. Van Valkenburgh B, Hertel F (1998) The decline of North American predators during the Late Pleistocene. In: Saunders JJ, Styles BW, Baryshnikov GF, eds. Quarternary paleozoology in the Northern Hemisphere. Illinois: Illinois State Museum Science Papers 27. pp 357-374.
47. Bakker RT (1983) The deer flees, the wolf pursues: Incongruences in predator-prey coevolution. In: Futuyma DJ, Slatkin M, eds. Coevolution. Sunderland-Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates. pp 350-382.
48. Van Valkenburgh B (1991) Iterative evolution of hypercarnivory in canids (Mammalia, Carnivora): Evolutionary interactions among sympatric predators. Paleobiol 17 (4): 340-362.
49. Rawn-Schatzinger V (1992) The scimitar cat Homotherium serum Cope. Illinois State Mus Rep Investigations 47: 1-79.
50. Marean CW, Ehrhardt CL (1995) Paleoanthropological and paleontological implications of the taphonomy of a sabertooth's den. J Human Evol 29: 515-547.
51. 18O, Sr:Zn) and ecomorphological approaches. Paleobiol 29: 205-229.
52. Coltrain JB, Harris JM, Cerling TE, Ehleringer JR, Dearing M, et al. (2004) Trophic level relationships among Rancho La Brea fauna and their implications for the paleoecology of the late Pleistocene based on bone collagen stable carbon and nitrogen isotope chemistry. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol 205: 199-219.
53. Radinsky LB, Emerson SB (1982) The late, great sabertooths. Nat Hist 91: 50-57.
54. Bookstein FL (1991) Morphometric tools for landmark analysis: Geometry and biology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
55. Rohlf FJ, Slice DE (1990) Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Syst Biol 39: 40-59.
56. Rohlf FJ (1993) Relative warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings. In: Marcus LF, Bello E, Garcia-Valdecasas A, eds. Contributions tomorphometrics, vol. 8. Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). pp 131-159.
57. Bookstein FL (1996) Combining the tools of geometric morphometrics. In: Marcos LF, Corti M, Loy A, Naylor GJP, Slice DE, eds. Proceedings of the 1993 NATO Advanced Studies Institute on Morphometrics, IL Ciocco, Italy. New York: Plenum Publishing Corporation. pp 131-151.
58. Thomason JJ (1991) Cranial strength in relation to estimated biting forces in some mammals. Can J Zool 69: 2326-2333.
59. Wroe S, McHenry C, Thomason JJ (2005) Bite club: Comparative biteforce in big biting mammals and the prediction of predatory behaviour in fossil taxa. Proc Royal Soc Lond 272: 619-625.
60. Sokal RR, Rohlf FJ (1995) Biometry. New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. 887 p.