Challenging the inevitability of rural decline: Advancing the policy of place in northern British Columbia

Journal of Rural Studies

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 409-421

  Markey, Sean ^a   Halseth, Greg ^b   Manson, Don ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Economic restructuring; Northern development; Rural development; Rural policy

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC REGENERATION; INFRASTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT; INVESTMENT LOCATION; POST-WAR; RURAL DEVELOPMENT; RURAL ECONOMY; RURAL POLICY;

BRITISH COLUMBIA; CANADA; NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 50949110522     PISSN: 07430167     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2008.03.012     Document Type: Article

References (127)

1. Armstrong, J., 2002. B.C. mayor ends fast over closing of school, The Globe and Mail, 27 August, A5.
2. Barman J. The West Beyond the West: A History of British Columbia (1996), University of Toronto Press, Toronto
3. Barnes T. Logics of Dislocation: Models, Metaphors, and Meanings of Economic Space (1996), Guildford, New York
4. In: Barnes T., and Gertler M. (Eds). The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions (1999), Routledge, New York
5. Barnes T., and Hayter R. Troubles in the Rainforest: British Columbia's Forest Economy in Transition. Canadian Western Geographical Series vol. 33 (1997), Western Geographical Press, Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC
6. Barnes T., Britton J., Coffey W., Edgington D., Gertler M., and Norcliffe G. Canadian economic geography at the millennium. Canadian Geographer 44 1 (2000) 4-24
7. Barnes T., Hayter R., and Hay E. Stormy weather: cyclones, Harold Innis, and Port Alberni, BC. Environment and Planning A 33 (2001) 2127-2147
8. Baxter D., and Ramlo A. Resource Dependency: The Spatial Origins of British Columbia's Economic Base (2002), The Urban Futures Institute, Vancouver
9. Baxter D., Berlin R., and Ramlo A. Regions and Resources: The Foundations of British Columbia's Economic Base (2005), The Urban Futures Institute, Vancouver
10. BC Government Caucus. Rebuilding the Heartlands-What we've accomplished together. Queen's Printer (2004), British Columbia, Victoria
11. BC Progress Board. Restoring British Columbia's Economic Heartland (2002), BC Progress Board, Vancouver
12. Bowles R.T. Single industry resource communities in Canada's north. In: Hay D.S., and Basran G.S. (Eds). Rural Sociology in Canada (1992), Oxford University Press, Toronto
13. Bradbury J. British Columbia: metropolis and hinterland in microcosm. In: McCann L.D. (Ed). Heartland and Hinterland: A Geography of Canada (1987), Prentice-Hall Canada, Scarborough 400-441
14. Bradford N. Place-based Public Policy: Towards a New Urban and Community Agenda for Canada (2005), Canadian Policy Research Networks Inc., Ottawa
15. British Columbia. Interim Report of the Post-war Rehabilitation Council (1943), The Council, Victoria
16. British Columbia. British Columbia Municipal Act (consolidated) (1998), Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Victoria
17. British Columbia. The B.C. Heartlands Economic Strategy-A Plan to Revitalize Our Entire Province. Queen's Printer (2003), British Columbia, Victoria
18. British Columbia. The B.C. Heartlands Economic Strategy. A Plan to Revitalize our Entire Economy (2004), Province of British Columbia, Victoria
19. Bryant C. The Role of Local Actors in Transforming the Urban Fringe. Journal of Rural Studies 11 3 (1995) 255-267
20. Carter H. Urban and Rural Settlements (1990), Longman Group UK, London
21. News C.B.C. Towns told to pay up to keep courthouses. 15 August (2002). http://vancouver.cbc.ca/template/servlet/View?filename+bc_courts020815
22. News C.B.C. Closure of B.C. legal aid offices will hurt communities, say legal workers. 16 August (2002). http://www.cbc.ca/stories/2002/08/16/bc_legalaid020816
23. Cooke P., and Morgan K. The Associational Economy: Firms, Regions, and Innovation (1998), Oxford University Press, New York
24. Davis H.C., and Hutton T.A. The Two Economies of British Columbia. BC Studies 82 (1989) 3-15
25. Dawe S. Placing trust and trusting place: creating competitive advantage in peripheral rural areas. In: Halseth G., and Halseth R. (Eds). Building for Success: Exploration of Rural Community and Rural Development (2004), Rural Development Institute, Brandon 223-250
26. de Wolf J. Growth Drivers in British Columbia (2002), BC Progress Board, Vancouver
27. Drabenstott M., and Sheaff K.H. A New Generation of Rural Policy: More Lessons from Abroad. The Main Street Economist (2002), Center of the Study of Rural America, Kansas
28. Drache D. Rediscovering Canadian political economy. Journal of Canadian Studies 11 (1976) 3-18
29. Douglas D. Towards More Effective Rural Economic Development in Ontario (2003), School of Environmental Design and Rural Development, University of Guelph, Guelph
30. Duffy D., Hallgren L., Parker Z., Penrose R., and Roseland M. Improving the Shared Decision-Making Model: An Evaluation of Public Participation in Land and Resource Management Planning (LRMP) in British Columbia Vol. 1 (1998), Department of Geography and the School of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver
31. Evenden L.J. Vancouver: Western Metropolis. In: Evenden L.J. (Ed). Vancouver: Western Metropolis (1978), Western Geographical Press, Victoria 1-13
32. Ference Weiker & Company. Promoting Innovation and Commercialization in Rural BC (2003), Ference Weiker & Company, Vancouver
33. Filion P. Potential and limitations of community economic development: Individual initiative and collective action in a post-Fordist context. Environment and Planning A 30 (1998) 1101-1123
34. Goldberg M.A. Regional Economic Development in British Columbia: Innovation and Renewal for BC's Two Economies (2004), Centre for Urban Economics and Real Estate, Vancouver
35. Gunton T. Forestry land use and public policy in British Columbia: the dynamics of change. In: Barnes T., and Hayter R. (Eds). Trouble in the Rainforest: British Columbia's Forest Economy in Transition (1997), Western Geographical Press, Victoria 65-74
36. Gunton T. Natural resources and regional development: an assessment of dependency and comparative advantage paradigms. Economic Geography 79 1 (2003) 67-94
37. Halseth G. Resource town transition: Debates after closure. In: Essex S.J., Gilg A.W., Yarwood R.B., Smithers J., and Wilson R. (Eds). Rural Change and Sustainability: Agriculture, the Environment and Communities (2005), CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire 326-342
38. Halseth G., and Booth A. What works well; what needs improvement: lessons in public consultation from British Columbia's resource planning processes. Local Environment 8 4 (2003) 437-455
39. Halseth G., and Sullivan L. Building Community in an Instant Town: A Social Geography of Mackenzie and Tumbler Ridge. British Columbia (2002), UNBC Press, Prince George
40. Halseth G., Sullivan L., and Ryser L. Service provision as part of resource town transition planning: A case from Northern British Columbia. In: Bruce D., and Lister G. (Eds). Opportunities and Actions in the New Rural Economy, Rural and Small Town Studies Programme, Sackville, New Brunswick (2003) 19-46
41. Halseth G., Straussfogel D., Parsons S., and Wishart A. Regional economic shifts in BC: speculation from recent demographic evidence. Canadian Journal of Regional Science 27 (2004) 317-352
42. Halseth G., Manson D., Markey S., Lax L., and Buttar O. The connected north: findings from the northern BC economic vision and strategy project. Journal of Rural and Community Development 2 1 (2007) 1-27
43. Hanlon N., and Halseth G. The greying of resource communities in northern British Columbia: implications for health care delivery in already-underserviced communities. The Canadian Geographer 49 1 (2005) 1-24
44. Hanlon N., and Rosenberg M. Not-so-new public management and the denial of geography: Ontario health-care reform in the 1990s. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 16 (1998) 559-572
45. Harris R.C. The Resettlement of British Columbia: Essays on Colonialism and Geographical Change (1997), UBC Press, Vancouver
46. Harvey R.G. Head On! Collisions of Egos, Ethics, and Politics in B.C.'s Transportation History (2004), Heritage House Publishing, Surrey
47. Hayter R. Truncation, the international firm and regional policy. Area 14 14 (1982) 277-282
48. Hayter R. High-performance organizations and employment flexibility: A case of in situ change at the Powell River paper mill, 1980-1994. The Canadian Geographer 41 1 (1997) 26-40
49. Hayter R. Flexible Crossroads: The Restructuring of British Columbia's Forest Economy (2000), UBC Press, Vancouver
50. Hayter R. The war in the woods: post-Fordist restructuring, globalization and the contested remapping of British Columbia's forest economy. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 93 3 (2003) 706-729
51. Hayter R., and Barnes T. The restructuring of British Columbia's coastal forest sector: Flexibility perspectives. In: Barnes T., and Hayter R. (Eds). Troubles in the Rainforest: British Columbia's Forest Economy in Transition (1997), Western Geographical Press, Victoria 181-203
52. Hessing M., and Howlett M. Canadian Natural Resource and Environmental Policy (1997), UBC Press, Vancouver
53. Himelfarb A. The Social Characteristics of One-Industry Towns in Canada: A Background Report (1976), Royal Commission on Corporate Concentration, Ottawa
54. Hoekstra, G., 2002. Ferry cuts blasted. Prince George Citizen, 11 October. p. 1.
55. Horne G. British Columbia's Heartland at the Dawn of the 21st Century: 2001 Economic Dependencies and Impact Ratios for 63 Local Areas (2004), Ministry of Management Services, report prepared for the British Columbia Forest Resources Commission, Victoria
56. Horne G., and Penner B. British Columbia Community Employment Dependencies (1992), Planning & Statistics Division and Ministry of Finance & Corporate Relations, Victoria
57. Hutton T.A. Vancouver as a control centre for British Columbia's resource hinterland: aspects of linkage and divergence in a provincial staple economy. In: Barnes T., and Hayter R. (Eds). Trouble in the Rainforest: British Columbia's Forest Economy in Transition (1997), Western Geographical Press, Victoria 233-262
58. Hutton T. British Columbia at the Crossroads (2002), BC Progress Board, Vancouver
59. Innis H. Problems of Staple Production in Canada (1933), Ryerson Press, Toronto
60. Innis H. Empire and Communications (1950), University of Toronto Press, Toronto
61. Isaksen A. Globalisation: A Challenge for Local Industrial Policy. Canadian Journal of Regional Science 24 1 (2001) 101-120
62. Kitson M., Martin R., and Tyler P. Regional Competitiveness: An Elusive yet Key Concept. Regional Studies 38 9 (2004) 991-999
63. KPMG. The Benefits and Costs of Treaty Settlement in British Columbia (1996), KPMG, Vancouver
64. Lawlor A. B.C. heritage site to go private, The Globe and Mail, 7 August (2002). http://www.globeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/front/RTGAM/20020807/
65. Lee M. Bleeding the Hinterland: A Regional Analysis of BC's Tax and Spending Cuts (2003), Centre for Policy Alternatives, Vancouver
66. Levitt K. Silent Surrender: The Multinational Corporation in Canada (1970), Macmillan of Canada, Toronto
67. Little B. B.C.'s decades of genteel decline. Globe and Mail. Saturday, April 20, 2002 B1 (2002) B4
68. Lovering J. Theory led by policy: the inadequacies of the 'new regionalism'. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 23 (1999) 379-385
69. MacKinnon D. Rural governance and local involvement: assessing state-community relations in the Scottish Highlands. Journal of Rural Studies 18 (2002) 307-324
70. Mackintosh W.A. Economic factors in Canadian history. In: Easterbrook W.T., and Watkins M.H. (Eds). Approaches to Canadian Economic History (1969), McClelland and Stewart, Toronto
71. MacLeod G. Beyond soft institutionalism: accumulation, regulation, and their geographical fixes. Environment and Planning A 33 7 (2001) 1145-1167
72. MacLeod G. New regionalism reconsidered: globalization and the remaking of political economic space. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 25 4 (2001) 804-829
73. Marchak P.G. Green Gold: The Forest Industry in British Columbia (1983), UBC Press, Vancouver
74. Marchak P., Aycock S., and Herbet D. Falldown: Forest Policy in British Columbia (1999), The David Suzuki Foundation and Ecotrust Canada, Vancouver
75. Markey S., Pierce J.T., Vodden K., and Roseland M. Second Growth: Community Economic Development in Rural BC (2005), UBC Press, Vancouver
76. Markey S., Halseth G., and Manson D. The struggle to compete: from comparative to competitive advantage in northern British Columbia. International Planning Studies 11 1 (2006) 19-39
77. Markey S., Halseth G., and Manson D. The (dis)connected north: persistent regionalism in northern British Columbia (22 March 2007), Canadian Journal of Regional Science
78. Markey, S., Halseth, G., Manson, D., in press. Closing the implementation gap: a framework for incorporating the context of place in economic development planning. Local Environment.
79. Mather A., Hill G., and Nijnik M. Post-productivism and rural land use: cul de sac or challenge for theorization. Journal of Rural Studies 22 (2006) 441-455
80. Massey D. Introduction: geography matters. In: Massey D., and Allen J. (Eds). Geography Matters! A Reader (1984), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
81. Massey D. Spatial Divisions of Labour (1995), Macmillan, London
82. Mitchell D. WAC Bennett and the Rise of British Columbia (1983), Douglas & MacIntyre, Vancouver
83. Munro J.M. Policies to induce structural change in the British Columbia economy. Canadian Journal of Regional Science 27 3 (2004) 447-469
84. Nelles H.V. The Politics of Development: Forests, mines and hydro-electric power in Ontario, 1849-1941 (1974), Macmillan of Canada, Toronto
85. NWTT. Working Together to Create Sustainable Wealth (2004), Northwest Tribal Treaty Nations, Terrace, BC
86. Pezzini M. Rural Policy Lessons: From OECD Countries (2000), Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Kansas
87. Pezzini M. Rural policy lessons from OECD countries. International Regional Science Review 24 (2001) 134-145
88. Pierce J.T. Progress and the biosphere: the dialectics of sustainable development. The Canadian Geographer 36 4 (1992) 306-320
89. Polèse M. From Regional development to local development: on the life, death, and rebirth(?) of regional science as a policy relevant science. Canadian Journal of Regional Science 22 3 (1999) 299-314
90. Porteous D.J. Gold River: an instant town in British Columbia. Geography 55 (1970) 317-322
91. Porteous D.J. Single enterprise communities. In: Forward C.N. (Ed). British Columbia: Its Resources and People. Western Geographical Series number 22 (1987), University of Victoria, Victoria 383-399
92. Porter M. Location, competition, and economic development: local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly 14 1 (2000) 15-34
93. Porter M. Competitiveness in Rural US Regions: Learning and Research Agenda. Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness (2004), Harvard Business School, Boston
94. Randall J.E., and Ironside G. Communities on the edge: an economic geography of resource-dependent communities in Canada. The Canadian Geographer 40 1 (1996) 17-35
95. Reed M. Taking Stands: Gender and the Sustainability of Rural Communities (2003), UBC Press, Vancouver
96. Reed M., and Gill A. Tourism, recreational, and amenity values in land allocation: an analysis of institutional arrangements in the postproductivist era. Environment and Planning A 29 (1997) 2019-2040
97. Robinson I. New Industrial Towns on Canada's Resource Frontier. Research Paper No. 4. Program of Education and Research in Planning (1962), Department of Geography, University of Chicago, Chicago
98. Robinson G. Conflict and Change in the Countryside (1990), Belhaven Press, New York
99. Savoie D. Regional Economic Development: Canada's Search for Solutions (1992), University of Toronto Press, Toronto
100. Savoie D. Rethinking Canada's Regional Development Policy: An Atlantic Perspective (1997), The Canadian Institute for Research on Regional Development, Ottawa
101. Scott A.J. Economic geography: the great half-century. In: Clark G., Feldman P., and Gertler M.S. (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography (2000), Oxford University Press, Oxford 18-44
102. Scott M. Building institutional capacity in rural Northern Ireland: the role of partnership governance in the LEADER II programme. Journal of Rural Studies 20 (2004) 49-59
103. Shaffer R., Deller S., and Marcouiller D. Rethinking community economic development. Economic Development Quarterly 20 1 (2006) 59-74
104. Statistics Canada. Census of Canada (2001), Statistics Canada, Ottawa
105. Statistics Canada. Rural Economic Diversification-A Community and Regional Approach (2003), Rural and Small Town Canada Analysis Bulletin, Ottawa
106. Statistics Canada. Census of Canada (2006), Statistics Canada, Ottawa
107. Stauffer B., and Halseth G. Population change in Prince George. In: Halseth G., and Halseth R. (Eds). Prince George: A Social Geography of British Columbia's 'Northern Capital' (1998), University of Northern British Columbia Press, Prince George 13-43
108. Stohr W., and Taylor F. Development from Above or Below? (1981), John Wiley and Sons, Toronto
109. Storper M. The resurgence of regional economics: ten years later. In: Barnes T.J., and Gertler M.S. (Eds). The New Industrial Geography: Regions, Regulation and Institutions (1999), Routledge, New York
110. Swyngedouw E. Elite Power, global forces, and the political economy of 'Glocal' development. In: Clark G.L., Feldman M.P., and Gertler M. (Eds). The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography (2000), Oxford University Press, Oxford 541-558
111. Tomblin S. W.A.C. Bennett and province-building in British Columbia. BC Studies 85 (1990) 45-61
112. Torjman S., and Leviten-Reid E. Innovation and CED: What They Can Learn From Each Other (2003), The Caledon Institute of Social Policy, Ottawa
113. Troughton M. Redefining 'rural' for the twenty-first century. In: Ramp W., Kulig J., Townshend I., and McGowan V. (Eds). Health in Rural Settings: Contexts for Action (1999), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge 21-38
114. Troughton M. Fordism rampant: The model and reality, as applied to production, processing and distribution in the North American agro-food system. In: Essex S.J., Gilg A.W., Yarwood R.B., Smithers J., and Wilson R. (Eds). Rural Change and Sustainability: Agriculture, the Environment and Communities (2005), CABI Publishing, Oxfordshire, UK 13-27
115. Turok I. Cities, Regions and Competitiveness. Regional Studies 38 9 (2004) 1069-1083
116. Valley Sentinel, 1992. Shortage of Nurses Forces Cutbacks at D&T. 11 February, p. 3.
117. Valley Sentinel, 1992. The Last Mail Train. 7 April, p. 2.
118. Valley Sentinel, 1994. After Hours Service at Valemount Health Centre Remains Suspended. 12 April, p. 1.
119. Valley Sentinel, 1995. VIA Passenger Service Reduced. 4 May, p. 3.
120. Valley Sentinel, 1996a. Employment Offices Close. 31 January, p. 6.
121. Valley Sentinel, 1996b. McBride Losses Government Agents. 27 November p. 3.
122. Valley Sentinel, 1996c. Forestry Office Loses a Quarter of its Staff. 11 December, p. 5.
123. Watkins M. The staple theory revisited. In: Melody W.H., Salter L., and Heyer P. (Eds). Culture, Communication, and Dependency: The Tradition of H.A. Innis (1981), Ablex Publ. Corp, Norwood 53-71
124. Watkins M. The Innis tradition in Canadian political economy. Canadian Journal of Political Science and Social Theory 6 1-2 (1982) 12-34
125. Wilson G. The Australian Landcare movement: towards 'post-productivist' rural governance?. Journal of Rural Studies 20 (2004) 461-484
126. Williston E., and Keller B. Forests, Power and Policy: The Legacy of Ray Williston (1997), Caitlin Press, Prince George
127. In: Wynn G., and Oke T. (Eds). Vancouver and its Region (1992), UBC Press, Vancouver