The scourge: Moral implications of natural embryo loss

American Journal of Bioethics

Volumn 8, Issue 7, 2008, Pages 12-19

  Ord, Toby ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Embryo; In vitro fertilization (IVF); Moral status; Spontaneous abortion; Stem cells

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE; BIOETHICS; EMBRYO DEATH; EMBRYO RESEARCH; ETHICS; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; FETUS DEATH; FETUS MORTALITY; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MORALITY; NIDATION; PERSONHOOD; PREGNANCY; SOCIOECONOMICS; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES;

ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS; ADULT; BEGINNING OF HUMAN LIFE; BIOETHICAL ISSUES; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; EMBRYO LOSS; ETHICAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; FETAL DEATH; FETAL MORTALITY; HUMANS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MORAL OBLIGATIONS; PERSONHOOD; PREGNANCY; RESEARCH EMBRYO CREATION; SURVIVAL RATE; UNITED STATES; VALUE OF LIFE;

EID: 50949102637     PISSN: 15265161     EISSN: 15360075     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15265160802248146     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. CIA World Factbook. 2007. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. Available at (accessed on 5 December 2007).
2. Bieber, F. R., and Driscoll, D. G. 1995. Evaluation of early pregnancy loss. In Diseases of the fetus and newborn, 2nd ed., eds. G. B. Reed, A. E. Claireaux and F. Cockburn. London, England: Chapman & Hall, 175-86.
3. Boklage,C.E.1990. Survival probabilityofhuman conceptions from fertilization to term. International Journal of Fertility 35(2): 75-94.
4. Fleck, L. M. 1979. Abortion, deformed fetuses, and the omega pill. Philosophical Studies 36: 271-283.
5. French, F. E., and Bierman, J. E. 1962. Probabilities of fetal mortality, Public Health Report 77(10): 835-837.
6. George R. P., and A. Gómez-Lobo. 2005. The moral status of the human embryo, Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 48(2): 201-210.
7. Green, R. M. 2001. The human embryo research debates. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
8. Harris, J. 2004. On Cloning (Thinking in Action). London, UK: Routledge.
9. Hertig,A.T.1967. Theoverall probleminman.In Comparativeaspects of reproductive failure, ed. K. Benirschke. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag, 11-41.
10. Leridon, H. 1977. Human fertility: The basic components. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
11. Loke, Y. W., and King, A. 1995. Human implantation: Cell biology and immunology. Cambridge, England: CUP.
12. Millican, P. 1991. The complex problem of abortion. InEthics in reproductive medicine, eds. D. Bromham, M. Dalton, J. Jackson, and P. Millican. London, England: Springer Verlag, 161-88.
13. Murphy, T. F. 1985. The moral significance of spontaneous abortion. Journal of Medical Ethics 11: 79-83.
14. Nelson, L. J., and Meyer, M. J. 2005. Confronting deep moral disagreement: The president's council on bioethics, moral status, and human embryos. American Journal of Bioethics 5(6): 33-42.
15. Potts, M., Diggory, P., and Peel, J. 1977. Abortion. Cambridge, England: CUP.
16. Singer, P. 1975. Animal Liberation. New York, NY: Random House.
17. Tonti-Filippini, N.1999. The Catholic church and reproductive technology. In Bioethics: An anthology. Oxford, England: Blackwell, 93-95.
18. United States (US) Social Security Administration. 2002. Period life table. Baltimore, MD: Social Security Administration. Available at http://www.ssa.gov/OACT/STATS/table4c6.html (accessed on November 28, 2006).Wilcox, A. J., D. D. Baird, and C. R. Weinberg. 1999. Time of implantation of the conceptus and loss of pregnancy. New England Medical Journal 340: 1796-1799.
19. World Health Organization. 2005. Preventing chronic diseases: A vital investment. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press.