The culture of force

South Atlantic Quarterly

Volumn 105, Issue 1, 2006, Pages 241-263

  Newfield, Christopher ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 50949098763     PISSN: 00382876     EISSN: 15278026     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1215/00382876-105-1-241     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. The most comprehensive listing and description of these interventions remains William Blum, Killing Hope: U.S. Military and CIA Interventions since World War II, Updated through 2003 (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2003)
2. George Kennan, "Policy Planning Study 23: Review of Current Trends in U.S. Foreign Policy; Memorandum by the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) to the Secretary of State and the Under Secretary of State (Lovett)," published in Foreign Relations of the United States, 1948, vol. 1, 509-29; text available at www.j-bradford-delong.net/movable-type/archives/ 000567.html (accessed February 16, 2005)
3. For a strong case for the novelty of the post-9/11 world - an empire of global scope, a post-Westphalian diplomatic order - among others, see Richard Falk, The Declining World Order: America's Imperial Geopolitics (New York: Routledge, 2004)
4. In his study of the "Bush war cabinet," James Mann notes that "the story of the Vulcans serves as a reminder that this bifurcation of history into cold war and post-cold war is ultimately artificial. In their careers, the Vulcans worked on both sides of the arbitrary divide" (James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans: The History of Bush's War Cabinet [New York: Viking, 2004], xlv)
5. For a comprehensive and compelling study of the consistency and scope of United States global reach, see Chalmers Johnson, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2004)
6. Cited in Niall Ferguson, "The 'E' Word," Wall Street Journal, June 6, 2003
7. "Bush Makes Historic Speech Aboard Warship," transcript available at www.cnn.com/2003/US/05/01/bush.transcript/ (accessed February 18, 2005)
8. Max Boot, "Neither New nor Nefarious: The Liberal Empire Strikes Back," Current History 102.667 (November 2003), www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/ intrel/bush/boot.htm (accessed February 18, 2005)
9. Robert Kagan, "A Higher Realism," Washington Post, January 23, 2005
10. For a genealogy and critique of neoconservative thought by two conservatives, see Stefan Halper and Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
11. Niall Ferguson, Colossus: The Price of America's Empire (New York: Penguin, 2004)
12. and Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power (New York: Basic Books, 2004)
13. Ferguson, "The 'E' Word."
14. Stephen Peter Rosen, "The Future of War and the American Military," Harvard Magazine, May-June 2002, 29; also available at www.harvard-magazine.com/on-line/050218.html (accessed February 19, 2005)
15. Pew Global Attitudes Project, What the World Thinks in 2002 (Washington: The Pew Center for the People and the Press, 2002), 3. Were Father Coughlin and Nazi denunciations of liberals obviously more false and defamatory than this This is an important topic for further research
16. Kenneth T. Walsh, "What the Guys Want," U.S. News and World Report, September 20, 2004, 23
17. See, for example, Danner, "How Bush Really Won."
18. Percent in Survey Say Iraq War Was a Mistake," Washington Post, December 21, 2004, www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A14266-382004Dec20. html
19. Walsh, "What the Guys Want."
20. Charles Simic, "Down There on a Visit," New York Review of Books, August 12, 2004
21. Andrew Hacker, Letter to the Editor, New York Review of Books, March 10, 2005
22. Votes for Women 2004 Survey, conducted by Lake, Snell, Perry and Associates, conducted November 1-2, 2004, www.votesforwomen2004.org/.The Hispanic figure comes from Ruy Teixeira's analysis, www.americanprogress.org/ site/pp.aspc=biJRJ80VFandb=246518 (accessed February 20, 2005). Teixeira notes problems with the data for Hispanics
23. See also CNN's exit poll, www.cnn.com/ELECTION/2004/pages/results/states/ US/P/oo/epolls.o.html (accessed February 20, 2005)
24. CBS/BET Poll, conducted July 9-16, 2004, www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/07/ 21/opinion/polls/main630986.shtml
25. Richard Morin and Dan Balz, "Most Latino Voters Say War Was Wrong," Washington Post, October 28, 2004, A8, www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/articles/A3696-2004Oct27.html
26. Pew Research Center, "Politics and Values in a 51 percent-48 percent Nation," January 21, 2005, http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3 ReportID=236
27. William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, 2nd ed. (1959; New York: Dell, 1972), 20-21. I am grateful to Philip Golub for this quotation; my understanding of the field of international relations and its intellectual history was much enhanced by a series of conversations with Philip in Paris in the fall of 2003
28. "Rumsfeld Says Iraqis Celebrate Freedom from Fear of Regime," Transcript of Defense Department Briefing, April 11, 2003, http://tokyo. usembassy.gov/e/p/tp-20030414b1.html
29. For an orthodox account of growing stratification, see a recent paper by two Federal Reserve economists, Mary Daly and Rob Valletta, "Earnings Inequality and Earnings Mobility in the U.S.," FRBSF Economic Letter 2003-28 (September 26, 2003): 1-3
30. For two book-length accounts that describe the tendency of the top 10 percent to separate from the bottom go percent, and the top 1 percent to separate from the next g percent, see Doug Henwood, After the New Economy (New York: New Press, 2003)
31. and Kevin Phillips, Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of the American Rich (New York: Broadway, 2003)
32. Michael Hiltzik, "This Solution Would Be Taxing for Only 1 Percent of Californians," Los Angeles Times, February 23, 2004