Finding concealed active faults: Extending the southern Whidbey Island fault across the Puget Lowland, Washington

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 113, Issue 5, 2008, Pages

  Sherrod, Brian L ^a   Blakely, Richard J ^b   Weaver, Craig S ^a   Kelsey, Havey M ^c   Barnett, Elizabeth ^c   Liberty, Lee ^d   Meagher, Karen L ^a   Pape, Kristin ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^c HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVE FAULT; FAULT ZONE; GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY;

NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES; WASHINGTON [UNITED STATES]; WHIDBEY ISLAND;

EID: 50849123373     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2007JB005060     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Aspect Consulting (2005), North mitigation area trench boring investigation summary - Brightwater Treatment Plant seismicity investigation, report, Dep. of Nat. Resour. and Parks, Waste Treat. Div., King County, Seattle, Wash.
2. Atwater, B. F., and A. L. Moore (1992), A tsunami ∼1000 yr ago in Puget Sound, Washington, Science, 258, 1614-1617, doi:10.1126/ science.258.5088.1614.
3. Blakely, R. J. (1995), Potential Theory in Gravity and Magnetic Applications, 441 pp., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
4. Blakely, R. J., and R. W. Simpson (1986), Approximating edges of source bodies from magnetic or gravity anomalies, Geophysics, 51, 1494-1498, doi:10.1190/1.1442197.
5. Blakely, R. J., R. E. Wells, and C. S. Weaver (1999), Puget Sound aeromagnetic maps and data, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 99-514, 4 pp.
6. Blakely, R. J., R. E. Wells, C. S. Weaver, and S. Y. Johnson (2002), Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data, Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., 114, 169-177, doi:10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0169:LSASOT>2.0.CO;2.
7. Blakely, R. J., B. L. Sherrod, R. E. Wells, C. S. Weaver, D. H. McCormack, K. G. Troost, and R. A. Haugerud (2004), The Cottage Lake aeromagnetic lineament: a possible onshore extension of the southern Whidbey Island fault, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 2004-120, 460 pp.
8. Booth, D. B., B. F. Cox, K. G. Troost, and S. A. Shimel (2004), Composite geologic map of the Sno-King area, scale 1:24,000, Seattle-Area Geol. Mapp. Proj., Univ. of Wash., Seattle.
9. Bourgeois, J., and S. Y. Johnson (2001), Geologic evidence of earthquakes at the Snohomish delta, Washington, in the past 1200 yr, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113, 482-494, doi:10.1130/ 0016-7606(2001)113<0482:GEOEAT>2.0.CO;2.
10. Brocher, T. M., T. Parsons, R. J. Blakely, N. I. Christensen, M. A. Fisher, R. E. Wells, and SHIPS Working Group (2001), Upper crustal structure in Puget Lowland, Washington: Results from 1998 Seismic Hazards Investigation in Puget Sound, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 13,541-13,564, doi:10.1029/2001JB000154.
11. Brocher, T. M., R. J. Blakely, and R. E. Wells (2004), Interpretation of the Seattle uplift, Washington, as a passive roof duplex, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, 1379-1401, doi:10.1785/012003190.
12. Brocher, T. M., R. J. Blakely, R. E. Wells, B. L. Sherrod, and K. Ramachandran (2005), The transition between N-S and NE-SW directed crustal shortening in the central and northern Puget Lowland: New thoughts on the southern Whidbey Island Fault, Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S54A-06.
13. Bucknam, R. C., E. Hemphill-Haley, and E. B. Leopold (1992), Abrupt uplift within the past 1700 years at southern Puget Sound, Washington, Science, 258, 1611-1614, doi:10.1126/science.258.5088.1611.
14. Dragovich, J. D., R. L. Logan, H. W. Schasse, T. J. Walsh, W. S. Lingley Jr., D. K. Norman, W. J. Gerstel, T. J. Lapen, J. E. Schuster, and K. D. Meyers (2002), Geologic map of Washington-Northwest quadrant, Geol. Map GM-50, 72 pp. pamphlet, 3 sheets, scale 1:250,000, Wash. Div. of Geol. and Earth Resour., Olympia.
15. Frankel, A. D., et al. (2002), Documentation for the 2002 update of the national seismic hazard maps, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 02-420.
16. Gower, H. D., J. C. Yount, and R. S. Crosson (1985), Seismotectonic map of the Puget Sound region, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Invest. Ser. Map, I-1613, 15 pp., scale 1:250,000.
17. Johnson, S. Y., C. J. Potter, and J. M. Armentrout (1994), Origin and evolution of the Seattle Fault and Seattle Basin, Washington, Geology, 22, 71-74, doi:10.1130/ 0091-7613(1994)022<0071:OAEOTS>2.3.CO;2.
18. Johnson, S. Y., C. J. Potter, J. M. Armentrout, J. J. Miller, C. A. Finn, and C. S. Weaver (1996), The southern Whidbey Island Fault: An active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 108, 334-354, doi:10.1130/ 0016-7606(1996)108<0334:TSWIFA>2.3.CO;2.
19. Johnson, S. Y., et al. (2004), Evidence for late Holocene earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, northern Puget Lowland, Washington, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94(6), 2299-2316, doi:10.1785/0120040050.
20. Karlin, R., and S. E. Abella (1996), A history of Pacific Northwest earthquakes recorded in Holocene sediments from Lake Washington, J. Geophys. Res., 101(B3), 6137-6150, doi:10.1029/95JB01626.
21. Keaton, J. R., and L. R. Anderson (1995), Mapping liquefaction hazards in the Wasatch Front region: Opportunities and limitations, in Environmental and Engineering Geology of the Wasatch Front Region, edited by W. R. Lund, Utah Geol. Assoc. Publ., 24, 453-468.
22. Keaton, J. R., and D. L. Perry (2006), Chemical building seismic trenches, Brightwater wastewater treatment plant site, Snohomish County, Washington, report, 59 pp., 6 appendices, King County Dep. of Nat. Resour. and Parks, Wastewater Treat. Div., Seattle, Wash.
23. Kelsey, H. M., B. L. Sherrod, S. Y. Johnson, and S. V. Dadisman (2004), Land-level changes from a late Holocene earthquake in the northern Puget Lowland, Washington, Geology, 32, 469-472, doi:10.1130/G20361.1.
24. Mazzotti, S., H. Dragert, R. D. Hyndman, M. M. Miller, and J. A. Henton (2002), GPS deformation in a region of high crustal seismicity: N. Cascadia forearc, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 198, 41-48, doi:10.1016/S0012-921X(02)00520-4.
25. McCaffrey, R., M. D. Long, C. Goldfinger, P. C. Zwick, J. L. Nabelek, C. K. Johnson, and C. Smith (2000), Rotation and plate locking at the southern Cascadia subduction zone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(19), 3117-3120, doi:10.1029/2000GL011768.
26. McCaffrey, R., A. I. Qamar, R. W. King, R. Wells, G. Khazaradze, C. A. Williams, C. W. Stevens, J. J. Vollick, and P. C. Zwick (2007), Fault locking, block rotation and crustal deformation in the Pacific Northwest, Geophys. J. Int, 169, 1315-1340, doi:10.1111/ j.1365-246X.2007.03371.x.
27. McCormack, D. H. (2003), Subsurface geology of the Brightwater tunnel corridor, western King and Snohomish counties, Washington, Geol. Soc. Am. Abstr. Programs, 35(6), 216.
28. Miller, M. M., D. J. Johnson, C. M. Rubin, H. Dragert, K. Wang, A. Qamar, and C. Goldfinger (2001), GPS-determination of along-strike variation in Cascadia margin kinematics: Implications for relative plate motion, subduction zone coupling, and permanent deformation, Tectonics, 20, 161-176, doi:10.1029/2000TC001224.
29. Minard, J. P. (1985), Geologic map of the Maltby quadrangle, Snohomish and King counties, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud., MF-1746, scale 1:24,000.
30. Nelson, A. R., S. Y. Johnson, H. M. Kelsey, B. L. Sherrod, R. E. Wells, K. Okumura, L.-A. Bradley, R. Bogar, and S. F. Personius (2003a), Field and laboratory data from an earthquake history study of the Waterman Point fault, Kitsap County, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Field Stud. Map, MF-2423.
31. Nelson, A. R., S. Y. Johnson, H. M. Kelsey, R. E. Wells, B. L. Sherrod, S. K. Pezzopane, L.-A. Bradley, R. D. Koehler III, and R. C. Bucknam (2003b), Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 115, 1388-1403, doi:10.1130/B25262.1.
32. Pape, K., L. M. Liberty, and T. Pratt (2006), High resolution seismic reflection imaging of the southern Whidbey Island fault northwest Washington State, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(52), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract S53B-1324.
33. Peters, L. J. (1949), The direct approach to magnetic interpretation and its practical application, Geophysics, 14, 290-320, doi:10.1190/ 1.1437537.
34. Porter, S. C., and T. W. Swanson (1999), Radiocarbon age constraints on rates of advance and retreat of the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet during the last glaciation, Quat. Res., 50, 205-213, doi:10.1006/qres.1998.2004.
35. Pratt, T. L., S. Johnson, C. Potter, W. Stephenson, and C. Finn (1997), Seismic reflection images beneath Puget Sound, western Washington State: The Puget lowland thrust sheet hypothesis, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27,469-27,489, doi:10.1029/97JB01830.
36. Raisz, E. (1945), The Olympic-Wallowa Lineament, Am. J. Sci., 243-A, 479-485.
37. Ramachandran, K., S. E. Dosso, G. D. Spence, R. D. Hyndman, and T. M. Brocher (2005), Forearc structure beneath southwestern British Columbia: A three-dimensional tomographic velocity model, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B02303, doi:10.1029/2004JB003258.
38. Ramsey, C. B. (1995), Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy - The OxCal program, Radiocarbon, 37, 425-430.
39. Rau, W. W., and S. Y. Johnson (1999), Well stratigraphy and correlations, western Washington and northwestern Oregon, U.S. Geol. Surv. Geol. Invest. Ser, Map I-2621, 31 pp.
40. Reidel, S. P., and N. P. Campbell (1989), Structure of the Yakima Fold Belt, central Washington, in Geologic Guidebook for Washington and Adjacent Areas, Inf. Circ., vol. 86, edited by N. L. Joseph, et al., pp. 277-304, Wash. Div. of Geol. and Earth Resour., Olympia.
41. Sherrod, B. L. (2001), Evidence for earthquake-induced subsidence ∼1100 yr ago in coastal marshes of southern Puget Sound, Washington, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 113, 1299-1311, doi:10.1130/ 0016-7606(2001)113<1299:EFEISA>2.0.CO;2.
42. Sherrod, B. L., T. M. Brocher, C. S. Weaver, R. C. Bucknam, R. J. Blakely, H. M. Kelsey, A. R. Nelson, and R. A. Haugerud (2004), Holocene fault scarps near Tacoma, Washington, Geology, 32, 9-12, doi:10.1130/G19914.1.
43. Sherrod, B. L., R. J. Blakely, C. S. Weaver, H. M. Kelsey, E. Barnett, and R. Wells (2005a), Holocene fault scarps and shallow magnetic anomalies along the southern Whidbey Island fault zone near Woodinville, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 2005-1036.
44. Sherrod, B. L., E. Barnett, and H. M. Kelsey (2005b), Excavation logs of two trenches across a strand of the southern Whidbey Island Fault Zone near Grace, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 2005-1013.
45. Stuiver, M., et al. (1998), INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP, Radiocarbon, 40, 1041-1084.
46. Tabor, R. W., V. A. Frizzell Jr., D. B. Booth, R. B. Waitt Jr., J. T. Whetten, and R. E. Zartman (1993), Geologic map of the Skykomisb River 30-minute by 60-minter quadrangle, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Misc. Invest. Ser. Map, 1-1963.
47. Takada, K., and B. F. Atwater (2004), Evidence for Liquefaction Identified in Peeled Slices of Holocene Deposits along the Lower Columbia River, Washington, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94, 550-575, doi:10.1785/0120020152.
48. Walsh, T. J. (1984), Geology and coal resources of central King County, Washington, Open File Rep. 84-3, 24 pp., 3 plates, Wash. Div. of Geol. and Earth Resour., Olympia.
49. Wells, D. L., and K. J. Coppersmith (1994), New empirical relationships among magnitude, rupture length, rupture width, rupture area, and surface displacement, Seismol. Soc. Am. Bull., 84, 974-1002.
50. Wells, R. E., and R. W. Simpson (2001), Northward migration of the Cascadia forearc in the northwestern U.S. and implications for subduction deformation, Earth Planets Space, 53, 275-283.
51. Wells, R. E., C. S. Weaver, and R. J. Blakely (1998), Fore-arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance, Geology, 26, 759-762, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1998)026<0759:FAMICA>2.3.CO;2.
52. Yeats, R. S., and K. St. Peters (2006), Review of borehole logs and reports for the Brightwater regional wastewater treatment plant, Snohomish County, Washington, report, City of Woodinville, Woodinville, Wash.
53. Yilmaz, O. (1987), Seismic Data Processing, 526 pp., Soc. of Explor. Geophys., Tulsa, Okla.
54. Yount, J. C., and H. D. Gower (1991), Bedrock geologic map of the Seattle 30 × 60 quadrangle, Washington, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep., 1978, 91-147.