Lupus in the developing world - is it any different?

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Rheumatology

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 643-655

  Tikly, Mohammed ^a   V Navarra, Sandra ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS   (Philippines)

Author keywords

Africa; Asia; epidemiology; Latin America; lupus

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA ANTIBODY; HYDRALAZINE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; ISONIAZID; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PHOSPHOLIPID ANTIBODY; PROCAINAMIDE; RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN ANTIBODY; STEROID; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT;

AFRICA; ASIA; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMORBIDITY; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; DISEASE ACTIVITY; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG MEGADOSE; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; HEPATITIS; HISPANIC; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFECTION; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS NEPHRITIS; LYMPHOCYTOPENIA; NONHUMAN; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE; SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS; TUBERCULOSIS;

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HUMANS; LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 50849110531     PISSN: 15216942     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2008.05.003     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Danchenko N., Satia J.A., and Anthony M.S. Epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of worldwide disease burden. Lupus 15 5 (2006) 308-318
2. Vilar M.J., and Sato E.I. Estimating the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in a tropical region (Natal, Brazil). Lupus 11 8 (2002) 528-532
3. Morrison R.C.A., Gear A.J., Kark A., et al. Differences in systemic lupus erythematosus among 4 racial groups in South Africa. Arthritis & Rheumatism 33 (1990) S104
4. Al-Arfaj A.S., Al-Balla S.R., Al-Dalaan A.N., et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in central Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal 23 1 (2002) 87-89
5. Mok C.C., and Lau C.S. Lupus in Hong Kong Chinese. Lupus 12 9 (2003) 717-722
6. Molina M.J., Mayor A.M., Franco A.E., et al. Prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus and associated comorbidities in Puerto Rico. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 13 4 (2007) 202-204
7. Adebajo A.O. Low frequency of autoimmune disease in tropical Africa. Lancet 349 9048 (1997) 361-362
8. Minaur N., Sawyers S., Parker J., and Darmawan J. Rheumatic disease in an Australian aboriginal community in North Queensland, Australia. A WHO-ILAR COPCORD survey. The Journal of Rheumatology 31 5 (2004) 965-972
9. Senna E.R., De Barros A.L., Silva E.O., et al. Prevalence of rheumatic diseases in Brazil: a study using the COPCORD approach. The Journal of Rheumatology 31 3 (2004) 594-597
10. Dai S.M., Han X.H., Zhao D.B., et al. Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study. The Journal of Rheumatology 30 10 (2003) 2245-2251
11. Molokhia M., McKeigue P.M., Cuadrado M., and Hughes G. Systemic lupus erythematosus in migrants from west Africa compared with Afro-Caribbean people in the UK. Lancet 357 9266 (2001) 1414-1415
12. Feng P.H. Systemic lupus erythematosus: the face of Asia. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1108 (2007) 114-120
13. Bae S.C., Fraser P., and Liang M.H. The epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus in populations of African ancestry: a critical review of the 'prevalence gradient hypothesis'. Arthritis & Rheumatism 41 12 (1998) 2091-2099
14. Molokhia M., and McKeigue P. Systemic lupus erythematosus: genes versus environment in high risk populations. Lupus 15 11 (2006) 827-832
15. Clatworthy M.R., Willcocks L., Urban B., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus-associated defects in the inhibitory receptor FcgammaRIIb reduce susceptibility to malaria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104 17 (2007) 7169-7174
16. Balkaran B.N., Roberts L.A., and Ramcharan J. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Trinidadian children. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics 24 3 (2004) 241-244
17. Faller G., Thomson P.D., Kala U.K., and Hahn D. Demographics and presenting clinical features of childhood systemic lupus erythematosus. South Africa Medical Journal 95 6 (2005) 424-427
18. Singh S., Devidayal, Minz R., et al. Childhood lupus nephritis: 12 years experience from North India. Rheumatology International 26 7 (2006) 604-607
19. Navarra S.V., and King J.O. An overview of clinical manifestations and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus in Asia. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology 9 (2006) 336-341
20. Wadee S., Tikly M., and Hopley M. Causes and predictors of death in South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 46 9 (2007) 1487-1491
21. Cervera R., Abarca-Costalago M., Abramovicz D., et al. Lessons from the 'Euro-Lupus Cohort'. Annales Medicine Interne (Paris) 153 8 (2002) 530-536
22. Patel M., Clarke A.M., Bruce I.N., and Symmons D.P. The prevalence and incidence of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis in the UK: Evidence of an ethnic gradient. Arthritis & Rheumatism 54 9 (2006) 2963-2969
23. Johnson S.R., Urowitz M.B., Ibanez D., and Gladman D.D. Ethnic variation in disease patterns and health outcomes in systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 33 10 (2006) 1990-1995
24. Boey M.L., Peebles C.L., Tsay G., et al. Clinical and autoantibody correlations in Orientals with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 47 11 (1988) 918-923
25. Lee S.S., Li C.S., and Li P.C. Clinical profile of Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2 2 (1993) 105-109
26. Cervera R., Font J., and Shoenfeld Y. European Working Party on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a 15-year report. Autoimmunity Reviews 5 8 (2006) 549-553
27. Pons-Estel B.A., Catoggio L.J., Cardiel M.H., et al. The GLADEL multinational Latin American prospective inception cohort of 1,214 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: ethnic and disease heterogeneity among 'Hispanics'. Medicine (Baltimore) 83 1 (2004) 1-17
28. Zonana-Nacach A., Yanez P., Jimenez-Balderas F.J., and Camargo-Coronel A. Disease activity, damage and survival in Mexican patients with acute severe systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16 12 (2007) 997-1000
29. Shayakul C., Ong-aj-yooth L., Chirawong P., et al. Lupus nephritis in Thailand: clinicopathologic findings and outcome in 569 patients. American Journal of Kidney Diseases: the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation 26 2 (1995) 300-307
30. Williams W., Bhagwandass A., Sargeant L.A., and Shah D. Severity of systemic lupus erythematosus with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis and the ineffectiveness of standard pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy in Jamaican patients. Lupus 12 8 (2003) 640-645
31. Williams W., Shah D., and Sargeant L.A. The clinical and epidemiologic features in 140 patients with lupus nephritis in a predominantly black population from one center in Kingston, Jamaica. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 327 6 (2004) 324-329
32. de Castro W.P., Morales J.V., Wagner M.B., et al. Hypertension and Afro-descendant ethnicity: a bad interaction for lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide?. Lupus 16 9 (2007) 724-730
33. Ka M.M., Diallo S., Kane A., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus syndromes in Senegal. A retrospective study of 30 patients seen over 10 years. Revue du Rhumatisme (English Ed.) 65 7-9 (1998) 471-476
34. Jacyk W.K., and Damisah M. Discoid lupus erythematosus in the Nigerians. British Journal of Dermatology 100 2 (1979) 131-135
35. Sutej P.G., Gear A.J., Morrison R.C., et al. Photosensitivity and anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). British Journal of Rheumatology 28 4 (1989) 321-324
36. Vaughn R.Y., Bailey Jr. J.P., Field R.S., et al. Diffuse nail dyschromia in black patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 17 5 (1990) 640-643
37. Gould T., and Tikly M. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection-challenges in diagnosis and management. Clinical Rheumatology 23 2 (2004) 166-169
38. Vilar M.J., Bezerra E.L., and Sato E.I. Skin is the most frequently damaged system in recent-onset systemic lupus erythematosus in a tropical region. Clinical Rheumatology 24 4 (2005) 377-380
39. Alballa S.R. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Saudi patients. Clinical Rheumatology 14 3 (1995) 342-346
40. Houman M.H., Smiti-Khanfir M., Ben Ghorbell I., and Miled M. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Tunisia: demographic and clinical analysis of 100 patients. Lupus 13 3 (2004) 204-211
41. Mok C.C., Tang S.S., To C.H., and Petri M. Incidence and risk factors of thromboembolism in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparison of three ethnic groups. Arthritis & Rheumatism 52 9 (2005) 2774-2782
42. Molina J.F., Gutierrez-Urena S., Molina J., et al. Variability of anticardiolipin antibody isotype distribution in 3 geographic populations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 24 2 (1997) 291-296
43. Gould T., Tikly M., Asherson R., et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of anti-phospholipid antibodies in South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 35 1 (2006) 29-34
44. Cucurull E., Gharavi A.E., Diri E., et al. IgA anticardiolipin and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I are the most prevalent isotypes in African American patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 318 1 (1999) 55-60
45. Cassano G., Roverano S., Paira S., et al. Accrual of organ damage over time in Argentine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a multi-centre study. Clinical Rheumatology 26 12 (2007) 2017-2022
46. Mok C.C., Ho C.T., Wong R.W., and Lau C.S. Damage accrual in southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 30 7 (2003) 1513-1519
47. Zonana-Nacach A., Camargo-Coronel A., Yáñez P., et al. Measurement of damage in 210 Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship with disease duration. Lupus 7 2 (1998) 119-123
48. Gonzalez L.A., McGwin Jr. G., Duran S., et al. Predictors of Premature Gonadal Failure in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Results from LUMINA, a Multiethnic US Cohort. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 16 (2008) 16
49. Bhatt S.P., Handa R., Gulati G.S., et al. Atherosclerosis in Asian Indians with systemic lupus erythematosus. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 35 2 (2006) 128-132
50. Bhatt S.P., Handa R., Gulati G.S., et al. Peripheral vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16 9 (2007) 720-723
51. Lau C.S., Yin G., and Mok M.Y. Ethnic and geographical differences in systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview. Lupus 15 11 (2006) 715-719
52. Tikly M., Gould T., Wadee A.A., et al. Clinical and serological correlates of antinucleosome antibodies in South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical Rheumatology 26 (2007) 2121-2125
53. Abuaf N., Johanet C., Chretien P., et al. Detection of autoantibodies to Sm antigen in systemic lupus erythematosus by immunodiffusion, ELISA and immunoblotting: variability of incidence related to assays and ethnic origin of patients. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 20 4 (1990) 354-359
54. Tikly M., Burgin S., Mohanlal P., et al. Autoantibodies in black South Africans with systemic lupus erythematosus: spectrum and clinical associations. Clinical Rheumatology 15 (1996) 261-265
55. Phan J.C., Bush T.M., Donald F., and Ward M. Clinical and laboratory features of patients of Vietnamese descent with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 8 7 (1999) 521-524
56. Teh L.S., Lee M.K., Wang F., et al. Antiribosomal P protein antibodies in different populations of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. British Journal of Rheumatology 32 8 (1993) 663-665
57. Schur PH, Rose BD. Drug-induced lupus. In: Rose BD, editor. UpToDate. Waltham, MA: UpToDate; 2007.
58. Petri M. Infection in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America 24 2 (1998) 423-456
59. Mok C.C., Mak A., Chu W.P., et al. Long-term survival of southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of all age-groups. Medicine (Baltimore) 84 4 (2005) 218-224
60. Koh E.T., Seow A., Leong K.H., and Chng H.H. SLE mortality in an oriental population. Lupus 6 1 (1997) 27-31
61. Malaviya A.N., Chandrasekaran A.N., Kumar A., and Shamar P.N. Systemic lupus erythematosus in India. Lupus 6 9 (1997) 690-700
62. Yeap S.S., Chow S.K., Manivasagar M., et al. Mortality patterns in Malaysian systemic lupus erythematosus patients. The Medical Journal of Malaysia 56 3 (2001) 308-312
63. Ng W.L. Infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology 9 (2006) 89-97
64. Paton N.I., Cheong I.K., Kong N.C., and Segasothy M. Risk factors for infection in Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. QJM 89 7 (1996) 531-538
65. Lau Y.L., Lau C.S., Chan S.Y., et al. Mannose-binding protein in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis & Rheumatism 39 4 (1996) 706-708
66. Navarra S.V., Villamin C.A., Baes R.P., et al. Increased frequency of mannose-binding lectin promoter LX haplotype among Filipinos with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16 2 (2007) 147-148
67. Reyes C.M., and Navarra S.V. Infections among Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 43 (2005) 123-127
68. Chan T.H., Tam L.S., and Li E.K. Salmonella infection in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Arthritis & Rheumatism 41 (1998) S331
69. Lim E., Koh W.H., Loh S.F., et al. Non-typhoidal salmonellosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A study of fifty patients and a review of the literature. Lupus 10 2 (2001) 87-92
70. Chu C.M., Ng W.L., Leung W.S., and Chan V. Lymphopenia predicts tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 163 (2001) A663 [Abstract]
71. Erdozain J.G., Ruiz-Irastorza G., Egurbide M.V., et al. High risk of tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus?. Lupus 15 4 (2006) 232-235
72. Shyam C., and Malaviya A.N. Infection-related morbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus: a clinico-epidemiological study from northern India. Rheumatology International 16 1 (1996) 1-3
73. Victorio-Navarra S.T., Dy E.E., Arroyo C.G., and Torralba T.P. Tuberculosis among Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism 26 3 (1996) 628-634
74. Mok M.Y., Lo Y., Chan T.M., et al. Tuberculosis in systemic lupus erythematosus in an endemic area and the role of isoniazid prophylaxis during corticosteroid therapy. The Journal of Rheumatology 32 4 (2005) 609-615
75. Gaitonde S., Pathan E., Sule A., et al. Efficacy of isoniazid prophylaxis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving long term steroid treatment. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61 3 (2002) 251-253
76. Navarra S.V., and Hamijoyo L. Effect of tuberculosis treatment on steroid requirement in a cohort of Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 16 (2007) S227 [Abstract]
77. Ward M.M. Education level and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): evidence of underascertainment of deaths due to SLE in ethnic minorities with low education levels. Arthritis & Rheumatism 51 4 (2004) 616-624
78. Sule S., and Petri M. Socioeconomic status in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 15 11 (2006) 720-723
79. King J.O., Cortez F.S., and Navarra S.V. Socioeconomic profile and health care costs of Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 45 5 (2007) 229-233
80. Leong K.P., Pong L.Y., and Chan S.P. Why lupus patients use alternative medicine. Lupus 12 9 (2003) 659-664
81. Chng H.H. Management of systemic lupus erythematosus in the coming decade: potentials and challenges. APLAR Journal of Rheumatology 9 (2006) 419-424
82. Moss K.E., Ioannou Y., Sultan S.M., et al. Outcome of a cohort of 300 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus attending a dedicated clinic for over two decades. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 61 5 (2002) 409-413
83. Doria A., Iaccarino L., Ghirardello A., et al. Long-term prognosis and causes of death in systemic lupus erythematosus. American Journal of Medicine 119 8 (2006) 700-706
84. Walsh S.J., Algert C., Gregorio D.I., et al. Divergent racial trends in mortality from systemic lupus erythematosus. The Journal of Rheumatology 22 9 (1995) 1663-1668
85. Samanta A., Feehally J., Roy S., et al. High prevalence of systemic disease and mortality in Asian subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 50 7 (1991) 490-492
86. Alarcon G.S., Friedman A.W., Straaton K.V., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups: III. A comparison of characteristics early in the natural history of the LUMINA cohort. LUpus in MInority populations: NAture vs Nurture. Lupus 8 3 (1999) 197-209
87. Abu-Shakra M., Gladman D.D., and Urowitz M.B. Mortality studies in SLE: how far can we improve survival of patients with SLE. Autoimmunity Reviews 3 6 (2004) 418-420
88. Heller T., Ahmed M., Siddiqqi A., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Saudi Arabia: morbidity and mortality in a multiethnic population. Lupus 16 (2007) 908-914
89. Rabbani M.A., Siddiqui B.K., Tahir M.H., et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Pakistan. Lupus 13 10 (2004) 820-825
90. Wang F., Wang C.L., Tan C.T., and Manivasagar M. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia: a study of 539 patients and comparison of prevalence and disease expression in different racial and gender groups. Lupus 6 3 (1997) 248-253
91. Thumboo J., Uramoto K., O'Fallon W.M., et al. A comparative study of the clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in Caucasians in Rochester, Minnesota, and Chinese in Singapore, from 1980 to 1992. Arthritis & Rheumatism 45 6 (2001) 494-500
92. Villamin C.A., and Navarra S.V. Clinical manifestations and clinical syndromes of Filipino patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Modern Rheumatology 18 (2008) 161-164
93. Feng P.H., and Boey M.L. Systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese: the Singapore experience. Rheumatology International 2 4 (1982) 151-154
94. Kumar A., Malaviya A.N., Singh R.R., et al. Survival in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in India. Rheumatology International 12 3 (1992) 107-109
95. Kim W.U., Min J.K., Lee S.H., et al. Causes of death in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a single center retrospective study. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 17 5 (1999) 539-545
96. Chen S.L. Overview of lupus in Asia. Proceedings of 10th APLAR Congress; 2002; Bangkok, Thailand (2002), Supjaroon Printing Co Ltd, Bangkok