Decreased maximal heart rate with aging is related to reduced β-adrenergic responsiveness but is largely explained by a reduction in intrinsic heart rate

Journal of Applied Physiology

Volumn 105, Issue 1, 2008, Pages 24-29

  Christou, Demetra D ^a,b   Seals, Douglas R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Exercise; Ganglionic blockade; Tachycardia

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ISOPRENALINE; TRIMETAPHAN; GANGLION BLOCKING AGENT;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ADULT; AEROBIC EXERCISE; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; CHRONOTROPISM; CONTROLLED STUDY; GANGLION BLOCK; HEART RATE; HEART RHYTHM; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NERVE POTENTIAL; NERVE STIMULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; ADOLESCENT; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HEART; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANAEROBIC THRESHOLD; AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; EXERCISE; FEMALE; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; HEART; HEART RATE; HUMANS; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC, BETA;

EID: 50649106250     PISSN: 87507587     EISSN: 15221601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.90401.2008     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Abrass IB, Scarpace PJ. Human lymphocyte beta-adrenergic receptors are unaltered with age. J Gerontol 36: 298-301, 1981.
2. Alings AM, Abbas RF, Bouman LN. Age-related changes in structure and relative collagen content of the human and feline sinoatrial node. A comparative study (see Comment). Eur Heart J 16: 1655-1667, 1995.
3. Blair SN, Kohl HW 3rd, Paffenbarger RS Jr, Clark DG, Cooper KH, Gibbons LW. Physical fitness and all-cause mortality A prospective study of healthy men and women (see Comment). JAMA 262: 2395-2401, 1989.
4. Brunsting JR, Bennekers JH, Schuil HA, Zijlstra WG. Incomplete cardiac vagal blockade with atropine in the anesthetized dog. Pflügers Arch 381: 293-295, 1979.
5. Chassaing C, Godeneche D, Boucher M, Duchene-Marullaz P. A comparison of changes in atropine-induced tachycardia and atropine concentration in conscious dogs. Eur J Pharmacol 58: 433-441, 1979.
6. Conway J, Wheeler R, Sannerstedt R. Sympathetic nervous activity during exercise in relation to age. Cardiovasc Res 5: 577-581, 1971.
7. Craft N, Schwartz JB. Effects of age on intrinsic heart rate, heart rate variability, and AV conduction in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 268: H1441-H1452, 1995.
8. de Marneffe M, Jacobs P, Haardt R, Englert M. Variations of normal sinus node function in relation to age: role of autonomic influence. Eur Heart J 7: 662-672, 1986.
9. Dillon N, Chung S, Kelly J, O'Malley K. Age and beta adrenoceptor-mediated function. Clin Pharmacol Ther 27: 769-772, 1980.
10. Evans SL, Davy KP, Stevenson ET, Seals DR. Physiological determinants of 10-km performance in highly trained female runners of different ages. J Appl Physiol 78: 1931-1941, 1995.
11. Fan TH, Banerjee SP. Age-related reduction of beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity in rat heart occurs by multiple mechanisms. Gerontology 31: 373-380, 1985.
12. Fleg JL, Schulman S, O'Connor F, Becker LC, Gerstenblith G, Clulow JF, Renlund DG, Lakatta EG. Effects of acute beta-adrenergic receptor blockade on age-associated changes in cardiovascular performance during dynamic exercise. Circulation 90: 2333-2341, 1994.
13. Ford GA, James OF. Effect of "autonomic blockade" on cardiac beta-adrenergic chronotropic responsiveness in healthy young, healthy elderly and endurance-trained elderly subjects. Clin Sci 87: 297-302, 1994.
14. Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Beasley JW, Bricker JT, Duvernoy WF, Froelicher VF, Mark DB, Marwick TH, McCallister BD, Thompson PD, Winters WL Jr, Yanowitz FG, Ritchie JL, Cheitlin MD, Eagle KA, Gardner TJ, Garson A Jr, Lewis RP, O'Rourke RA, Ryan TJ. ACC/AHA guidelines for exercise testing: executive summary A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Exercise Testing). Circulation 96: 345-354, 1997.
15. Haqqani HM, Kalman JM. Aging and sinoatrial node dysfunction: musings on the not-so-funny side. Circulation 115: 1178-1179, 2007.
16. Higginbotham MB, Morris KG, Williams RS, Coleman RE, Cobb FR. Physiologic basis for the age-related decline in aerobic work capacity. Am J Cardiol 57: 1374-1379, 1986.
17. Jackson AS, Beard EF, Wier LT, Ross RM, Stuteville JE, Blair SN. Changes in aerobic power of men, ages 25-70 yr. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27: 113-120, 1995.
18. Jones PP, Shapiro LF, Keisling GA, Jordan J, Shannon JR, Quaife RA, Seals DR. Altered autonomic support of arterial blood pressure with age in healthy men. Circulation 104: 2424-2429, 2001.
19. Jones SA, Boyett MR, Lancaster MK. Declining into failure: the age-dependent loss of the L-type calcium channel within the sinoatrial node (see Comment). Circulation 115: 1183-1190, 2007.
20. Jones SA, Lancaster MK, Boyett MR. Ageing-related changes of connexins and conduction within the sinoatrial node. J Physiol 560: 429-437, 2004.
21. Jose AD, Collison D. The normal range and determinants of the intrinsic heart rate in man. Cardiovasc Res 4: 160-167, 1970.
22. Jose AD, Stitt F, Collison D. The effects of exercise and changes in body temperature on the intrinsic heart rate in man. Am Heart J 79: 488-498, 1970.
23. Kistler PM, Sanders P, Fynn SP, Stevenson IH, Spence SJ, Vohra JK, Sparks PB, Kalman JM. Electrophysiologic and electroanatomic changes in the human atrium associated with age. J Am Coll Cardiol 44: 109-116, 2004.
24. Madden KM, Levy WC, Stratton JR. Normal aging impairs upregulation of the beta-adrenergic but not the alpha-adrenergic response: aging and adrenergic upregulation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 48: 153-159, 2006.
25. Ogawa T, Spina RJ, Martin WH, 3rd Kohrt WM, Schechtman KB, Holloszy JO, Ehsani AA. Effects of aging, sex, and physical training on cardiovascular responses to exercise. Circulation 86: 494-503, 1992.
26. Peuler JD, Johnson GA. Simultaneous single isotope radioenzymatic assay of plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine. Life Sci 21: 625-636, 1977.
27. Rigel DF, Katona PG. Effects of antihistamines and local anesthetics on excess tachycardia in conscious dogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 238: 367-371, 1986.
28. Rigel DF, Lipson D, Katona PG. Excess tachycardia: heart rate after antimuscarinic agents in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 246: H168-H173, 1984.
29. Robinson S. Experimental studies of physical fitness in relation to age. Arbeitsphysiologie 10: 251-323, 1938.
30. Robinson S, Pearcy M, Brueckman FR, Nicholas JR, Miller DI. Effects of atropine on heart rate and oxygen intake in working man. J Appl Physiol 5: 508-512, 1953.
31. O2max is limited primarily by cardiac output and locomotor muscle blood flow (see Comment). J Appl Physiol 100: 744-745, 2006.
32. Seals DR. The autonomic nervous system. In: ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology, edited by Tipton C. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins, 2006, p. 197-245.
33. Stratton JR, Cerqueira MD, Schwartz RS, Levy WC, Veith RC, Kahn SE, Abrass IB. Differences in cardiovascular responses to isoproterenol in relation to age and exercise training in healthy men. Circulation 86: 504-512, 1992.
34. White M, Leenen FH. Aging and cardiovascular responsiveness to beta-agonist in humans: role of changes in beta-receptor responses versus baroreflex activity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 56: 543-553, 1994.
35. White M, Roden R, Minobe W, Khan MF, Larrabee P, Wollmering M, Port JD, Anderson F, Campbell D, Feldman AM. Age-related changes in beta-adrenergic neuroeffector systems in the human heart. Circulation 90: 1225-1238, 1994.
36. WHO Study Group. Aging and Working Capacity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1993.
37. Wilson TM, Tanaka H. Meta-analysis of the age-associated decline in maximal aerobic capacity in men: relation to training status. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 278: H829-H834, 2000.
38. Yin FC, Spurgeon HA, Greene HL, Lakatta EG, Weisfeldt ML. Age-associated decrease in heart rate response to isoproterenol in dogs. Mech Ageing Dev 10: 17-25, 1979.