On the relationship between satellite-estimated bio-optical and thermal properties in the Gulf of Mexico

Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences

Volumn 113, Issue 1, 2008, Pages

  Jolliff, Jason K ^a   Kindle, John C ^a   Penta, Bradley ^a   Helber, Robert ^a   Lee, Zhongping ^a   Shulman, Igor ^a   Arnone, Robert ^a   Rowley, Clark D ^a  

^a NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT; BOUNDARY LAYER; EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS; OCEAN COLOR; OPTICAL PROPERTY; PHYTOPLANKTON; SATELLITE DATA; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEAWIFS; SURFACE WATER; THERMAL STRUCTURE;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF OF MEXICO;

EID: 50549092251     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2006JG000373     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. Agawin, N. S. R., C. M. Duarte, and S. Augustí (2000), Nutrient and temperature control of the contribution of picoplankton to phytoplankton biomass and production, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 591-600.
2. Amon, R. M. W., and R. Benner (1996), Photochemical and microbial consumption of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved oxygen in the Amazon River system, Geochem. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 1783-1792.
3. Andrews, S. S., S. Caron, and O. C. Zafiriou (2000), Photochemical oxygen consumption in marine waters: a major sink for colored dissolved organic matter?, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 267-277.
4. Bailey, S. W., and P. J. Werdell (2006), A multi-sensor approach for the on-orbitvalidation of ocean color satellite data products, Remote Sens. Environ., 102, 12-23.
5. Bidigare, R. R., M. E. Ondrusek, and J. M. Brooks (1993), Influence of the Orinoco River outflow on distributions of algal pigments in the Caribbean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 2259-2269.
6. Biggs, D. C., and F. E. Muller-Karger (1994), Ship and satellite observations of chlorophyll stocks in interacting cyclone-anticyclone eddy pairs in the western Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7371-7384.
7. Biggs, D. C., and P. H. Ressler (2001), Distribution and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, ichthyoplankton, and micronekton in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico, Gulf Mexico Sci., 1, 7-29.
8. Bretherton, F. P., R. E. Davis, and C. B. Fandry (1976), A technique for objective analysis and design of oceanographic experiments applied to MODE-73, Deep Sea Res., 23, 559-582.
9. Bricaud, A., M. Babin, A. Morel, and H. Claustre (1995), Variability in the chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficients of natural phytoplankton: Analysis and parameterization, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,321-13,332.
10. Bricaud, A., E. Bosc, and D. Antoine (2002), Algal biomass and sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Basin: Intercomparison of data from various satellite sensors, and implications for primary production, Remote Sens. Environ., 81, 163-178.
11. Bricaud, A., H. Claustre, J. Ras, and K. Oubelkheir (2004), Natural variability of phytoplankton absorption in oceanic waters: Influence of the size structure of algal populations, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C11010, doi:10.1029/2004JC002419.
12. Campbell, J. W. (1995), The lognormal distribution as a model for bio-optical variability in the sea, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,237-13,254.
13. Carder, K. L., R. G. Steward, G. R. Harvey, and P. B. Ortner (1989), Marine humic and fulvic acids: their affects on remote sensing of ocean chlorophyll, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 68-81.
14. Carder, K. L., S. K. Hawes, K. A. Baker, R. C. Smith, R. G. Steward, and B. G. Mitchell (1991), Reflectance model for quantifying chlorophyll- a in the presence of productivity degradation products, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,599-20,611.
15. Carder, K. L., F. R. Chen, Z. P. Lee, S. K. Hawes, and D. Kamykowski (1999), Semianalytic Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer algorithms for chlorophyll a and absorption with Bio-optical domains based on nitrate depletion temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5403-5421.
16. Chassignet, E. P., H. E. Hurlburt, O. M. Smedstad, C. N. Barron, D. S. Ko, R. C. Rhodes, J. F. Shriver, A. J. Wallcraft, and R. A. Arnone (2005), Assessment of data assimilative ocean models in the Gulf of Mexico using ocean color, in Circulation of the Gulf of Mexico: Observations and Models, edited by W. Sturgis and A. Lugo-Fenandez, pp. 87-100, AGU, Washington, D. C.
17. Chen, R. F., and J. L. Bada (1992), The fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in seawater, Mar. Chem., 37, 191-221.
18. Chen, R. F., W. P. Bissett, P. G. Coble, R. Conmy, G. B. Gardner, M. A. Moran, X. Wang, M. L. Wells, P. Whelan, and R. G. Zepp (2004), Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) source characterization in the Louisiana Bight, Mar. Chem., 89, 257-272.
19. Chisholm, S. W. (1992), Phytoplankton size, in Primary Productivity and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, edited by P. G. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, pp. 213-237, Plenum, New York.
20. Claustre, H. (1994), The trophic status of various oceanic provinces as revealed by phytoplankton pigment signatures, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1206-1210.
21. Claustre, H., A. Bricaud, M. Babin, F. Bruyant, L. Guillou, F. Le Gall, D. Marie, and F. Partensky (2002), Diel variations in Prochlorococcus optical properties, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 1637-1647.
22. Cleveland, J. S. (1995), Regional models for phytoplankton absorption as a function of chlorophyll-α concentration, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 13,333-13,344.
23. Coble, P. G., C. E. Del Castillo, and B. Avril (1998), Distribution and optical properties of CDOM in the Arabian Sea during the 1995 Southwest Monsoon, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 2195-2223.
24. Dagg, M. J. (1988), Physical and biological responses to the passage of a winter storm in the coastal and inner shelf waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico, Cont. Shelf Res., 8, 167-178.
25. Del Castillo, C. E., F. Gilbes, P. G. Coble, and F. E. Muller-Karger (2000), On the dispersal of riverine colored dissolved organic matter over the West Florida Shelf, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 1425-1432.
26. Del Castillo, C. E., P. G. Coble, R. N. Conmy, F. E. Müller-Karger, L. Vanderbloemen, and G. A. Vargo (2001), Multispectral in situ measurements of organic matter and chlorophyll fluorescence in seawater: Documenting the intrusion of the Mississippi River plume in the West Florida Shelf, Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 1836-1843.
27. Del Vecchio, R., and N. V. Blough (2002), Photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter, Mar. Chem., 78, 231-253.
28. Devred, E., S. Sathyendranath, V. Stuart, H. Maass, O. Ulloa, and T. Platt (2006), A two-component model of phytoplankton absorption in the open ocean: Theory and application, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C03011, doi:10.1029/2005JC002880.
29. DiMego, G. J., L. F. Bosart, and G. W. Endersen (1976), An examination of the frequency and mean conditions surrounding frontal incursions into the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, Mon. Weather Rev., 104, 709-718.
30. Dowgiallo, M. J. (1994), Coastal oceanographic effects of the 1993 Mississippi river flooding, 76 pp., NOAA Coastal Ocean Off./Natl. Weather Serv., Silver Spring, Md.
31. Dunn, D. D. (1996), Trends in nutrient inflows to the Gulf of Mexico from streams draining the conterminous United States, 1972-93, U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Resour. Invest. Rep., 96-4113.
32. Elliot, B. A. (1982), Anti-cyclonic rings in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 12, 1292-1309.
33. Espinosa-Carreon, T. L., P. T. Strub, E. Breier, F. Ocampo-Torres, and G. Gaxiola-Castro (2004), Seasonal and interannual variability of satellite-derived chlorophyll pigment, surface height, and temperature off Baja California, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C03039, doi:10.1029/ 2003JC002105.
34. Estrada, M., C. Marrase, and M. Alcarez (1988), Phytoplankton response to intermittent stirring and nutrient addition in marine microcosms, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 48, 225-234.
35. Falkowski, P. (1994), The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles, Photosyn. Res., 39, 235-258.
36. Fox, D. N., C. N. Barron, M. R. Carnes, M. Booda, G. Peggion, and J. Van Gurley (2002a), The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System, Oceanography, 15, 22-28.
37. Fox, D. N., W. J. Teague, C. N. Barron, M. R. Carnes, and C. M. Lee (2002b), The Modular Ocean Data Assimilation System (MODAS), J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 240-252.
38. Geider, R. J. (1987), Light and temperature dependence of the carbon to chlorophyll ratio in microalgae and cyanobacteria: Implications for physiology and growth of phytoplankton, New Phytol., 106, 1-34.
39. Gilbes, F., C. Tomas, J. J. Walsh, and F. E. Muller-Karger (1996), An episodic chlorophyll plume on the West Florida Shelf, Cont. Shelf. Res., 16, 1201-1224.
40. Gilbes, F., F. E. Muller-Karger, and C. E. Del Castillo (2002), New evidence for the West Florida Shelf Plume, Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 2479-2496.
41. Gill, A. E. (1982), Atmosphere-Ocean Dynamics, 662 pp., Academic, New York.
42. Goolsby, D. A., W. A. Battaglin, B. T. Aulenbach, and R. P. Hooper (2001), Nitrogen input to the Gulf of Mexico, J. Environ. Qual., 30, 329-336.
43. Green, S. A., and N. V. Blough (1994), Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in natural waters, Limnol. Oceanogr, 39, 1903-1926.
44. Harris, G. (1986), Phytoplankton Ecology: Structure, Function, and Fluctuation, 384 pp., Springer, New York.
45. Harvey, G. R., D. A. Boran, L. A. Chesal, and J. M. Tokar (1983), The structure of marine humic and fulvic acids, Mar. Chem., 12, 119-132.
46. Hedges, J. I., R. G. Keil, and R. Benner (1997), What happens to terrestrial organic matter in the ocean?, Org. Geochem., 27, 195-212.
47. Hepplewhite, C. L. (1999), Remote observation of the sea surface and atmosphere: the oceanic skin effect, Int. J. Remote Sens., 10, 801-810.
48. Hochman, H. T., J. J. Walsh, K. L. Carder, A. Sournia, and F. E. Muller-Karger (1995), Analysis of ocean color components within stratified and well-mixed waters of the English Channel, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 10,777-10,787.
49. Hu, C., F. E. Muller-Karger, D. C. Biggs, K. L. Carder, B. Nababan, D. Nadeau, and J. Vanderbloemen (2003), Comparison of ship and satellite bio-optical measurements on the continental margin of the NE Gulf of Mexico, Int. J. Remote Sens., 24, 2597-2612.
50. Huh, O. K., W. J. Wiseman Jr., and L. J. Rouse Jr. (1978), Winter cycle of sea surface thermal patterns, northeastern Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 83, 4523-4529.
51. International Ocean-Colour Coordinating Group (IOCCG) (2006), Remote sensing of inherent optical properties: Fundamentals, tests of algorithms, and applications, edited by Z.-P. Lee, Rep. 5, Dartmouth, Canada. (Available at http://www.ioccg.org)
52. Jochens, A. E., S. F. DiMarco, W. D. Nowlin Jr., R. O. Reid, and M. C. Kennicutt II (2002), Northeastern Gulf of Mexico Chemical Oceanography and Hydrography Study, synthesis report, 586 pp., U.S. Dep. of the Inter., Minerals Manage. Serv., Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La.
53. Jolliff, J. K., et al. (2003), Dispersal of the Suwannee River plume over the West Florida Shelf. Simulation and observation of the optical and bio-chemical consequences of a flushing event, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(13), 1709, doi:10.1029/2003GL016964.
54. Kamykowski, D., and S. J. Zentara (2003), Can phytoplankton community structure be inferred from satellite-derived sea surface temperature anomalies calculated relative to nitrate depletion temperatures?, Remote Sens. Environ., 86, 444-457.
55. Kara, A. B., P. A. Rochford, and H. E. Hurlburt (2000), Mixed layer depth variability and barrier layer formation over the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 16,783-16,801.
56. Kieber, D. J. (2000), Photochemical production of biological substrates, in The Effects of UV Radiation in the Marine Environment, edited by S. J. de Mora et al., pp. 131-148, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
57. Kieber, R. J., X. Zhou, and K. Mopper (1990), Formation of carbonyl compounds from UV-induced photodegradation of humic substances in natural waters: Fate of riverine carbon in the sea, Limnol. Oceanogr, 35, 1503-1515.
58. Kirk, J. T. O. (1994), Light and Photosynthesis in Aquatic Ecosystems, 509 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
59. Kudryavstev, V. N., and A. V. Soloviev (1989), Slippery near-surface layer of the ocean arising from daytime solar heating, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 20, 617-628.
60. Lambert, C. D., T. S. Bianchi, and P. H. Santschi (1999), Cross-shelf changes in phytoplankton community composition in the Gulf of Mexico (Texas shelf/slope): the use of plant pigments as biomarkers, Cont. Shelf Res., 19, 1-21.
61. Leben, R. R., and G. H. Born (1993), Tracking loop current eddies with satellite altimetry, Adv. Space Res., 13, 325-333.
62. Lee, Z., K. L. Carder, and R. A. Amone (2002), Deriving inherent optical properties from water color: a multiband quasi-analytic algorithm for optically deep waters, Appl. Opt, 41, 5755-5772.
63. Lee, Z. P., K. L. Carder, R. G. Steward, T. G. Peacock, C. O. Davis, and J. S. Patch (1998), An empirical algorithm for light absorption by ocean water based on color, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 27,967-27,978.
64. Lentz, S. J. (2001), The influence of stratification on the wind-driven cross-shelf circulation over the North Carolina Shelf, J. Phys. Oceanogr, 31, 2749-2760.
65. Lewis, J. K., and A. D. Kirwan (1985), Some observations of ring topography and ring-ring interactions in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 9017-9028.
66. Li, W. K. W. (2002), Macroecological patterns of phytoplankton in the northwestern North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 419, 154-157.
67. Longhurst, A. R. (1995), Seasonal cycles of pelagic production and consumption, Prog. Oceanogr, 36, 77-167.
68. MacIntyre, H. L., T. M. Kana, T. Anning, and R. J. Geider (2002), Photoacclimation of photosynthesis irradiance response curves and photosynthetic pigments in microalgae and cyanobacteria, J. Phycol., 38, 17-38.
69. Mann, K. H., and J. R. N. Lazier (1996), Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans, 2nd ed., 394 pp., Blackwell Sci., Cambridge, Mass.
70. Marañón, E., P. M. Holligan, R. Barciela, N. Gonzalez, B. Mourino, M. J. Pazo, and R. Varela (2001), Patterns of phytoplankton size structure and productivity in contrasting open-ocean environments, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 216, 43-56.
71. Maritorena, S., D. A. Siegel, and A. R. Peterson (2002), Optimal tuning of a semi-analytic model for global applications, Appl. Opt., 41, 2705-2714.
72. Martinolich, P. M. (2005), Automated processing system user's guide, version 3.0, internal publication, Nav. Res. Lab., Stennis Space Cent., Miss. (Available at http://www7333.nrlssc.navy.mil/docs/aps_v3.4/user/ aps/)
73. Maul, G. A. (1977), The annual cycle of the Loop Current 1: Observations during a one-year time series, J. Mar. Res., 35, 29-47.
74. Maul, G. A., and H. R. Gordon (1975), On the use of the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (Landsat-1) in optical oceanography, Remote Sens. Environ., 4, 95-128.
75. Maul, G. A., and F. M. Vukovich (1993), The relationship between variations in the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current and Straits of Florida Volume Transport, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 785-796.
76. McClain, C., S. Hooker, G. Feldman, and P. Bontempi (2006), Satellite data for ocean biology, biogeochemistry, and climate research, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(34), 337.
77. Melo González, N., F. E. Muller-Karger, S. Cerdeira Estrada, R. Pérez de los Reyes, I. V. del Río, P. C. Pérez, and I. Mitrani Arenal (2000), Near-surface phytoplankton distribution in the western Intra-Americas Sea: The influence of El Niño and weather events, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,029-14,043.
78. Michaels, A. F., and D. A. Siegel (1996), Quantification of nonalgal light attenuation in the Sargasso Sea: Implications for biogeochemistry and remote sensing, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 43, 321-345.
79. Millán-Núñez, E., M. E. Sieracki, R. Millán-Núñez, J. R. Lara-Lara, G. Gaxiola-Castro, and C. C. Trees (2004), Specific absorption coefficient and phytoplankton biomass in the southern region of the California Current, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 51, 817-826.
80. Miller, W. L., and R. G. Zepp (1995), Photochemical production of dissolved inorganic carbon from terrestrial organic matter: significance to the oceanic carbon cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 417-420.
81. Milliman, J. D., and R. H. Meade (1983), World-wide delivery of river sediment to the ocean, J. Geol., 91(1), 1-21.
82. Mobley, C. D. (1994), Light and Water, 595 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
83. Mopper, K., and D. J. Kieber (2000), Marine photochemistry and its impact on carbon cycling, in The Effects of UV Radiation in the Marine Environment, edited by S. De Mora, S. Demers, and M. Vernet, pp. 101-129, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass.
84. Mopper, K., Z. Xianliang, R. J. Keiber, D. J. Keiber, R. J. Sikorski, and R. D. Jones (1991), Photochemical degradation of dissolved organic carbon and its impact on the oceanic carbon cycle, Nature, 353, 60-62.
85. Moran, M. A., and R. G. Zepp (1997), Role of photoreactions in the formation of biologically labile compounds from dissolved organic matter, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1307-1316.
86. Morel, A., and A. Bricaud (1981), Theoretical results concerning light absorption in a discrete medium, and application to specific absorption of phytoplankton, Deep Sea Res., 28, 1375-1393.
87. Morell, J. M., and J. E. Corredor (2001), Photomineralization of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the Orinoco River Plume: Estimation of ammonium release, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 16,807-16,813.
88. Morey, S. L., W. W. Schroeder, J. J. O'Brien, and J. Zavala-Hidalgo (2003), The annual cycle of riverine influence in the eastern Gulf of Mexico basin, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(16), 1867, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL017348.
89. Morrison, J. M., and W. D. J. Nowlin (1976), Repeated nutrient, oxygen, and density sections through the Loop Current, J. Mar. Res., 35, 105-128.
90. Mueller, J. L. (1988), Nimbus-7 CZCS: Electronic overshoot due to cloud reflectance, Appl. Opt., 27, 438-440.
91. Mueller, J. L. (2000), SeaWiFS algorithm for the diffuse attenuation coefficient K(490): Using water-leaving radiances at 490 and 555 nm, NASA Tech. Memo., 2000-206892, 11, 24-27.
92. Muller-Karger, F. E. (2000), The spring 1998 Northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NEGOM) cold water event: Remote sensing evidence for upwelling and eastward advection of Mississippi water (or: How an errant loop current anticyclone took the NEGOM for a spin), Gulf Mexico Sci., 18, 55-67.
93. Muller-Karger, F. E., C. McClain, T. R. Fisher, W. E. Esias, and R. Varela (1989), Pigment distribution in the Caribbean Sea: Observations from space, Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 33-64.
94. Muller-Karger, F. E., J. J. Walsh, R. H. Evans, and M. B. Meyers (1991), On the seasonal phytoplankton concentration and sea surface temperature cycles of the Gulf of Mexico as determined by satellites, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 12,645-12,665.
95. Nelson, N. B., D. A. Siegel, and A. F. Micheals (1998), Seasonal dynamics of colored dissolved material in the Sargasso Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 45, 931-957.
96. Nelson, N. B., C. A. Carlson, and D. K. Steinberg (2004), Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter by Sargasso Sea microbes, Mar. Chem., 89, 273-287.
97. Nelson, N. B., D. A. Siegel, C. A. Carlson, C. Swan, W. M. Smethie Jr., and S. Khatiwala (2007), Hydrography of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 54, 710-731.
98. Obata, A., J. Ishizaka, and M. Endoh (1996), Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton bloom with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,657-20,667.
99. O'Reilly, J. E., et al. (2000), Ocean color chlorophyll-a algorithms for SeaWiFS, OC2 and OC4: Version 4, NASA Tech. Memo., 2000-206892, 11, 9-23.
100. Qian, Y., A. E. Jochens, M. C. Kennicutt II, and D. C. Biggs (2003), Spatial and temporal variability of phytoplankton biomass and community structure over the continental margin of the northeast Gulf of Mexico based on pigment analysis, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 1-17.
101. Rochelle-Newall, E. J., and T. R. Fisher (2002), Production of chromophoric dissolved organic matter fluorescence in marine and estuarine environments: an investigation into the role of phytoplankton, Mar. Chem., 77, 7-21.
102. Rodriguez, J., J. Tintore, J. T. Allen, J. M. Blanco, D. Gomis, A. Reul, J. Ruiz, V. Rodriguez, F. Echevarria, and F. Jiminez-Gomez (2001), Mesoscale vertical motion and the size structure of phytoplankton in the ocean, Nature, 410, 360-363.
103. Sakshaug, E., K. Andresen, and D. A. Kiefer (1989), A steady state description of growth and light absorption in the marine planktonic diatom Skeletonema costatum, Limnol. Oceanogr., 34, 198-205.
104. Salisbury, J. E., J. W. Campbell, E. Linder, L. D. Meeker, F. E. Muller-Karger, and C. J. Vorosmarty (2004), On the seasonal correlation of surface particle fields with wind stress and Mississippi discharge in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 51, 1187-1203.
105. Sambrotto, R. N., H. J. Niebauer, J. J. Goering, and R. L. Iverson (1986), Relationships among vertical mixing, nitrate uptake, and phytoplankton growth during the spring bloom in the Southeast Bering Sea middle shelf, Cont. Shelf Res., 5, 161-198.
106. Sathyendranath, S., L. Watts, E. Devred, T. Platt, C. Caverhill, and H. Maass (2004), Discrimination of diatoms from other phytoplankton using ocean-colour data, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 272, 59-68.
107. Savidge, D. K. (2002), Wintertime shoreward near-surface currents south of Cape Hatteras, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C11), 3205, doi:10.1029/ 2001JC001193.
108. Schluessel, P., H.-Y Shin, W. J. Emery, and H. Grassl (1987), Comparison of satellite-derived surface temperature with in situ skin measurement, J. Geophys. Res., 92(C3), 2859-2874.
109. Siegel, D. A., S. C. Doney, and J. A. Yoder (2002a), The North Atlantic spring phytoplankton bloom and Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis, Science, 296, 730-733.
110. Siegel, D. A., S. Maritorena, N. B. Nelson, D. A. Hansell, and M. Lorenzi-Kayser (2002b), Global distribution and dynamics of colored dissolved and detrital organic materials, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C12), 3228, doi:10.1029/2001JC000965.
111. Siegel, D. A., S. Maritorena, and N. B. Nelson (2005), Independence and interdependencies among global ocean color properties: Reassessing the bio-optical assumption, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C07011, doi:10.1029/2004JC002527.
112. Simeon, J., C. S. Roesler, W. S. Pegau, and C. Dupuoy (2003), Sources of spatial variability in light absorbing components along an equatorial transect from 165°E to 150°W, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C1O), 3333, doi:10.1029/2002JC001613.
113. Smetacek, V., and U. Passow (1990), Spring bloom initiation and Sverdrup's critical depth model, Limnol. Oceanogr., 35, 228-234.
114. Sturges, W., and R. Leben (2000), Frequency of ring separations from the Loop Current in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 1814-1819.
115. Sverdrup, H. U. (1953), On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton, J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., 18, 287-295.
116. Toner, M., A. D. Kirwan Jr., A. C. Pope, L. H. Kantha, F. E. Muller-Karger, and R. T. Jones (2003), Chlorophyll dispersal by eddy-eddy interactions in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C4), 3105, doi:10.1029/2002JC001499.
117. Uz, B. M., and J. A. Yoder (2004), High frequency and mesoscale variability in SeaWiFS chlorophyll imagery and its relation to other remotely sensed oceanographic variables, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 51, 1001-1017.
118. Valiela, I. (1995), Marine Ecological Processes, 2nd ed., 686 pp., Springer, New York.
119. Van der Leeden, F., F. L. Troise, and D. K. Dodd (1990), The Water Encyclopedia, 2nd ed., 824 pp., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
120. Virmani, J. L, and R. H. Weisberg (2003), Features of the observed annual ocean-atmosphere flux variability on the West Florida Shelf, J. Clim., 16, 734-745.
121. Vodacek, A., N. V Blough, M. D. DeGrandpre, E. T. Peltzer, and R. K. Nelson (1997), Seasonal variation of CDOM and DOC in the Middle Atlantic Bight: Terrestrial inputs and photooxidation, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 674-688.
122. Vukovich, F. M. (1995), An updated evaluation of the Loop Currents eddy-shedding frequency, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8655-8659.
123. Vukovich, F. M., and B. W. Crissman (1986), Aspects of warm rings in the Gulf of Mexico, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 2645-2660.
124. Walker, N. D. (1994), Satellite-based assessment of the Mississippi River discharge plume's spatial structure and temporal variability, OCS study MMS 94-0053, 56 pp., U.S. Dep. of the Inter., Minerals Manage. Serv., Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, New Orleans, La.
125. Walker, N. D. (1996), Satellite assessment of Mississippi Plume variability: causes and predictability, Remote Sens. Environ., 58, 21-35.
126. Walsh, J. J., D. A. Dieterle, M. B. Meyers, and F. E. Müller-Karger (1989), Nitrogen exchange at the continental margin: A numerical study of the Gulf of Mexico, Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 245-301.
127. Walsh, J. J., et al. (2003), Phytoplankton response to intrusions of slope water on the West Florida shelf: Models and observations, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C6), 3190, doi:10.1029/2002JC001406.
128. Weisberg, R. H., and R. He (2003), Local and deep-ocean forcing contributions to anomalous water properties on the West Florida Shelf, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C6), 3184, doi:10.1029/2002JC001407.
129. Werdell, P. J., and S. W. Bailey (2005), An improved in-situ bio-optical data set for ocean color algorithm development and satellite data product validation, Remote Sens. Environ., 98, 122-140.
130. Whitehead, R. F., S. J. de Mora, and S. Demers (2000), Enhanced UV radiation - a new problem for the marine envimment, in The Effects of UV Radiation in the Marine Environment, edited by S. J. de Mora et al., pp. 1-34, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
131. Willis, J. K., D. Roemmich, and B. Comuelle (2004), Interannual variability in the upper ocean heat content, temperature, and thermosteric expansion on global scales, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12036, doi:10.1029/2003JC002260.
132. Wilson, C., and V. J. Coles (2005), Global climatological relationships between satellite biological and physical observations and upper ocean properties, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C10001, doi:10.1029/ 2004JC002724.
133. Yeh, E., M. Darzi, and K. Lakshmi (1997), SeaWiFS stray light correction algorithm, NASA Tech. Memo., 104566, 41, 24-33.
134. Zavala-Hidalgo, J., S. L. Morey, and J. J. O'Brien (2003), Seasonal circulation on the western shelf of the Gulf of Mexico using a high-resolution numerical model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C12), 3389, doi:10.1029/2003JC001879.
135. Zentara, S. J., and D. Kamykowski (1977), Latitudinal relationships among temperature and selected plant nutrients along the west coast of North and South America, J. Mar. Res., 35, 321-337.
136. Zimmerman, R. A., and D. C. Biggs (1999), Patterns of distribution of sound-scattering zooplankton in warm-core and cold-core eddies in the Gulf of Mexico from a narrowband acoustic Doppler current profiler survey, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 5251-5262.