Awakening of a sleeping dragon: The evolution of copyright conception in China

Journal of the Copyright Society of the U.S.A.

Volumn 51, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 615-644

  Feng, Xiaoqing ^a,b,c,d   Yang, Lihua ^a   Huang, Frank Xianfeng ^d,e  

^a XIANGTAN UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b RENMIN UNIVERSITY OF CHINA   (China)

^c PEKING UNIVERSITY   (China)

^d UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^e CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 5044228625     PISSN: 08863520     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (87)

1. See CHENGSI ZHENG, COPYRIGHT LAW 2 (2d ed. 1997). See also William P. Alford, Don't Stop Thinking about... Yesterday: Why There was No Indigenous Counterpart to Intellectual Property in Imperial China, 3 J. CHINESE L. 3 (1993).
2. See CHENGSI ZHENG, COPYRIGHT LAW 2 (2d ed. 1997). See also William P. Alford, Don't Stop Thinking about... Yesterday: Why There was No Indigenous Counterpart to Intellectual Property in Imperial China, 3 J. CHINESE L. 3 (1993).
3. See ZHENG, supra note 1.
4. 7 ENCYCLOPEDIA AMERICANA 775 (1995).
5. UNESCO, COPYRIGHT ABC 9 (1984).
6. See ZHENG, supra note 1.
7. "Paiji" is a special mark attached in ancient Chinese books containing warning words such as "no reproduction." The purpose of paiji was to prevent related works from being exploited without the consent of the owner.
8. See C. Paul Spurgeon, Copyright Law in China, 3 CAN. B. REV. 387 (1995) (book review).
9. COPYRIGHT ABC, supra note 4, at 9.
10. E.g., the Confucian Analects, the Taoist Dao De Jing, and legalist Han Fei Zi.
11. See XUECHENG ZHANG, WEN SHI TONO YI • SHI JIAO SHANG 16-17 [GENERAL LITERARY HISTORY•EDUCATION BY POETRY] (China Ancient Books Press 1956) (1921).
12. See JIAXI YU, GU SHU TONO LI • AN ZHU LU DI YI [GENERAL DISCUSSION OF ANCIENT BOOKS] 21 (Shanghai Ancient Books Press 1985).
13. I b i d.
14. See Zhi Cao, A Brief Study of Copyright in Ancient China, 2 BOOKS AND INFORMATION 35 (1998).
15. Chen Qu, Copyright Disputes Puzzling Ancient People, 3 COPYRIGHT 2 (1993).
16. Handong Wu, Some Thoughts on the History of the Conception of the Copyright Law in China, 3 RESEARCH ON LAW AND COMMERCE 45 (1995).
17. See ZHENG, supra note 1, at 7.
18. I b i d.
19. I b i d.
20. See Jixin Pan, The Original Place: China or Korea?, 16 STUDIES IN THE HIST. OF NATURAL SCI. 50 (1997).
21. See XU LIU ET AL, JIU TANG SHU • WEN ZONO BEN JI [THE OLD BOOK ON THE HISTORY OF TANG DYNASTY • THE BIOGRAPHY OF EMPEROR WENZONG] 563 (Publishing House of China 1975) (945 A.D.).
22. See BIN WANG, BOOKS BANNED • PRISON OF LETTERS 26-27, 55 (1992).
23. See ZHENG, supra note 1, at 3.
24. See BI LUO, SHI YI [INCIDENTAL FINDINGS] 2 (Publishing House of China 1991) (1831).
25. See Linin Liu, Why Block Printing Technology Failed to Spread in Ancient China, 1 GUIZHOU HISTORICAL STUDIES (2004).
26. See DEHUI YE, SHU LIN QINO HUA [COMMENTS ON THE HISTORY OF BOOKS] 36 (Publishing House of China 1957) (1911).
27. The Universal Copyright Convention came into effect in 1952. According to the Convention, copyright protection is not automatic. Copyright holders must attach a copyright notice for their works to be protected. China acceded to the Convention on 30 October 1992.
28. Taifu was the title of a specific rank of officials in ancient China.
29. See YE, supra note 25, at 36. See also LITERATURES ON THE STUDY OF CHINA'S COPYRIGHT HISTORY 3 (Lin Zhou & Mingshan Li eds., 1999) [hereinafter Zhou & Li].
30. See YE, supra note 25, at 36. See also LITERATURES ON THE STUDY OF CHINA'S COPYRIGHT HISTORY 3 (Lin Zhou & Mingshan Li eds., 1999) [hereinafter Zhou & Li].
31. See Zhou & Li, supra note 28, at 4. See generally also 3 JINWU ZHANG, AI RI JING LU CANG SHU ZHI JUAN SAN [JOURNALS ON THE COLLECTION OF BOOKS IN AI RI JING LU] (Press of Literature, History and Philosophy 1982) (1818).
32. See Zhou & Li, supra note 28, at 4. See generally also 3 JINWU ZHANG, AI RI JING LU CANG SHU ZHI JUAN SAN [JOURNALS ON THE COLLECTION OF BOOKS IN AI RI JING LU] (Press of Literature, History and Philosophy 1982) (1818).
33. See Yuan Zhuming, A Brief Comment on the Formation of the Conception of Copyright in China, in ANTHOLOGY OF COPYRIGHT STUDIES 126 (Copyright Society of China ed., 1995).
34. See YE, supra note 25, at 42.
35. See 1 ZHANG, supra note 29, at 251; YE, supra note 25, at 41-42. See also CHONGMIN WANG, ZHONG GUO SHAN BEN SHU TI YAO • JING BU SHI [ABSTRACTS OF WELL-PRESERVED EDITION OF CHINESE BOOKS] 66 (1982).
36. See Zhou & Li, supra note 28, at 14.
37. Id. at 13.
38. See Wu, supra note 15, at 46.
39. See SHUNHUI ZHANG, ZHONG GUO GU DAI SHI JI JIAO DU FA [METHODOLOGY ON STUDYING ANCIENT CHINESE HISTORICAL RECORDS] 136 (1962).
40. See ZHENG, supra note 1, at 22.
41. Id. at 48.
42. See HAN FEI ZI, HAN FEI ZI • SHUO YI [HAN FEI ZI • ON DOUBT] 138 (Shanghai Ancient Books Press 1989) (200 B.C.).
43. 8 QIAN SIMA, SHI JI [RECORDS OF CHINESE HISTORY] 2546 (Publishing House of China 1959) (90 B.C.).
44. See WANG, supra note 21, at 24.
45. 4 WUJI ZHANOSUN ET AL, TANG LU SHU YI [INTERPRETATIONS OF THE TANG CODE • ON REGIME] 458 (Publishing House of China 1985) (653 A.D.). See also Wang, supra note 21 at 25-30.
46. See WANG, supra note 21, at 42.
47. See YUANFANG SONG, THE HISTORY OF THE PUBLICATION IN CHINA 12 (1991).
48. See 10 SIMA, supra note 40, at 3320.
49. See YONGYI JIN, CONCEPTION OF LAW IN CHINA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES 37 (1989).
50. Li Ji (On Li), in SHI SAN JING ZHU SHU [ANNOTATED THIRTEEN BOOKS ON ANCIENT MASTERPIECES] 1463 (Zhejiang Ancient Books Press 1998) (1816). See also SHI SAN JING ZHU XIN SUO YIN [NEW INDEXES OF ANNOTATED THIRTEEN BOOKS ON ANCIENT MASTERPIECES] 1553 (Bo Li, Xiaoguan Li & Jinbi Fu eds., 1997).
51. Li Ji (On Li), in SHI SAN JING ZHU SHU [ANNOTATED THIRTEEN BOOKS ON ANCIENT MASTERPIECES] 1463 (Zhejiang Ancient Books Press 1998) (1816). See also SHI SAN JING ZHU XIN SUO YIN [NEW INDEXES OF ANNOTATED THIRTEEN BOOKS ON ANCIENT MASTERPIECES] 1553 (Bo Li, Xiaoguan Li & Jinbi Fu eds., 1997).
52. An oversimplified interpretation of Li would be mores and ethics.
53. THE ANALECTS, Book 2, Chapter 3.
54. Zuozhuan [Zuo on the History of Spring and Autumn], in 3 CHUN QIU ZUO ZHUAN ZHENG YI XIA [ANNOTATED ZUO ON SPRING AND AUTUMN] 1447 (Xue Qin Li ed., 1999).
55. According to Shu Lin Qing Hua, only a few financially strong printers were able to obtain injunctive protection orders from local governments at the time. The issuance of such orders is not a usual phenomenon. See YE, supra note 25, at 41.
56. See Treaty Between the United States and China for the Extension of the Commercial Relations Between Them (Oct. 8, 1903) art. 11, FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 97 (1904).
57. See Young J. Allem, Yi Tan Sui Bi [Rambling in the World of Translation], 83 UNIVERSAL GAZ. (1904). See also Zhou & Li, supra note 28, at 81.
58. I b i d.
59. See Jianhui Wang, Research on the Early Conception of Publication in China, 2 J. COLL. COMMUNIST PARTY OF CHINA 96 (1998).
60. See FU YAN, YAN FU JI • SHU XIN [A COLLECTION OF FU YAN'S WRITINGS • CORRESPONDENCE] 34 (1986).
61. I b i d.
62. See GUOHUA ZHANG, NEW EDITION OF THE CHINESE HISTORY ON LEGAL THOUGHTS 349 (1991).
63. Ministry of Civil Affairs of the Qing Court Files, No. 1103, the Second Year of Emperor Xuantong (1909-11).
64. The first British Copyright Law enacted in 1710. See John Feather, The Book Trade in Politics: The Making of the Copyright Act of 1710, 19 PUB. HIST. 39 n.3 (1980).
65. See generally LAW IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: COMMENTARY, READINGS AND MATERIAL 8 (Ralph H. Folsom & John H. Minan eds., 1989).
66. See Brian Barron, Chinese Patent Legislation in Cultural and Historical Perspective, 6 INTELL. PROP. L.J. 313-14 (1991).
67. See the 1980 Tentative Provisions on Remunerations for Contributing Authors of Books and the 1984 Trial Provisions on Remunerations for Contributing Authors of Books.
68. Moral rights provided in the 1990 Copyright Law include the right of publication, the right of attribution, the right against alteration and the right to protect the integrity of works. Among these rights, the right of publication is not provided in the Berne Convention.
69. See Xiaoqing Feng & Frank Huang, International Standards and Local Elements: New Developments of Copyright Law in China, 49 J. COPYR. SOC'Y 917 (2002).
70. Id. at 918.
71. I b i d.
72. For a comprehensive analysis of the 2001 copyright law revision, see Feng & Huang, supra note 65.
73. 1990 Copyright Law art. 27 (P.R.C.).
74. Id. (as revised in 2001).
75. China acceded to the Berne Convention and the Universal Copyright Convention on 15 October 1992 and 30 October 1992 respectively.
76. See Regulations on the Implementation of International Copyright Treaties, promulgated on 25 September 1992 by the State Council.
77. See Feng & Huang, supra note 65, at 919.
78. Id. at 918.
79. Id. at 920.
80. 1990 Copyright Law art. 10, • 12 (P.R.C.) (as revised in 2001).
81. See Zhengmao Ni, Zhong Xi Fang A Lu Wen Hua Chuan Tong Bi Jiao Yu Xian Zheng Fa Zhan Zhi Da Qu Shi [A Comparison of Traditional Legal Cultures in China and the West and the General Trend of Constitutionalism], 1 SHANGHAI SOC. SCI. ACAD. Q. 65 (1997).
82. See PING JIANG, ANALYSIS OF THE COPYRIGHT LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 35 (1991).
83. For a detailed discussion, see Feng & Huang, supra note 65, at 922-26.
84. U.S. CONST, art. I, • 8, cl.8.
85. For an in-depth discussion of the Article 43 amendment, see Feng & Huang, supra note 65, at 934-35.
86. 1990 Copyright Law art. 43 (P.R.C.) (as revised in 2001).
87. For a comprehensive review of the 2001 copyright law revision concerning limitations on copyright, see Feng & Huang, supra note 65, at 931-35.