Neanderthal behaviour and stone tool function at the Middle Palaeolithic site of La Quina, France

Antiquity

Volumn 78, Issue 301, 2004, Pages 547-565

  Hardy, Bruce L ^a  

^a KENYON COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

Diet; France; Middle Palaeolithic; Neanderthal; Wood working

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; DIET; HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY; NEANDERTHAL; PALEOLITHIC; TOOL USE;

EURASIA; EUROPE; FRANCE; LA QUINA; POITOU-CHARENTES; WESTERN EUROPE;

EID: 5044220169     PISSN: 0003598X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0003598X00113213     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. AGER, T. & L. AGER. 1980. Ethnobotany of the Eskimos of Nelson Island, Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 17:27-48.
2. ALBERT, R., O. LAVI, L. ESTROFF, S. WEINER, A. SATSKIN, A. RONEN & C. LEV-YADUN. 1999. Mode of occupation of Tabun Cave, Mt. Carmel, Israel, during the Mousterian period: A study of the sediments and phytoliths. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:1249-1260.
3. ANDERSON, P. C. 1980. A Testimony of Prehistoric Tasks: Diagnostic Residues on Stone Tool Working Edges.-World Archaeology 12(2):181-94.
4. ANDERSON-GERFAUD, P. 1981. Contribution Méthodologique à l'Analyse des Microtraces d'Utilisation sur les Outils Préhistoriques. Thèse de Troisième Cycle. Bordeaux: Bordeaux University.
5. ANDERSON-GERFAUD, P. 1986. A few comments concerning residue analysis of stone plant-processing tools, in L. Owen & G. Unrath (ed.), Technical aspects of microwear studies on stone tools, part II, 69-81. Tubingen: Early Man News.
6. ANDERSON-GERFAUD, P. 1990. Aspects of behaviour in the Middle Paleolithic: Functional analysis of stone tools from south-west France, in Paul Mellars (ed.), The Emergence of Modern Humans, 389-418. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
7. ARMAND, D. 1998. Paléontologie animale. In Nouvelles fiouilles à La Quina: Résultats preliminaries (A. Debenath & A.J. Jelinek, eds.), Gallia Préhistoire 40:56-60.
8. ARMAND, D. & A. DELAGNES. 1998. Les retouchoirs en os d'Artenac (couche 6c): perspectives archéozoologiques, taphonorniques, et experimentales. Economic Préhistorique: Les Comportments de Subsistance an Paléolithique, Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes. 18:205-214.
9. BAMFORTH, D. 1988. Investigation microwear polishes with blind tests: the Institute results in context. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:11-23.
10. BAMFORTH, D., G. BURNS & C. WOODMAN. 1990. Ambiguous use traces and blind test results: New data. Journal of Archaeological Science 17:413-30.
11. BASSINOT, EC., L.D. Labeyrie, E. Vincent, X. Quidelleur, N. Shackleton & Y. Lancelot. 1994. The astronomical theory of climate and the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama magnetic reversal. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126:91-108.
12. BELITSKY, S., N. GOREN-INBAR & E. WERKER. 1991. A Middle Pleistocene wooden plank with man-made polish. Journal of Human Evolution 20:349-353.
13. BENNER, R., M. FOGEL & E. SPRAGUE. 1991. Diagenesis of below-ground biomass of Spartina alterniflora in salt-marsh sediments. Limnology and Oceanography 36:1358-1374.
14. BERGER, T.D. & E. TRINKAUS. 1995. Patterns of trauma among Neanderthals. Journal of Archaeological Science 22:841-852.
15. BEYRIES, S. 1988a. Functional variability of lithic sets in the Middle Paleolithic, in H. Dibble and A. Montet White (eds.), Upper Pleistocene Prehistory of Western Eurasia, 213-24. Philadelphia: University Museum Press.
16. BEYRIES, S. 1988b. Industries Lithiques: Traȩologie et Technologie. London: British Archaeological Report, International Series 411 (1 and 2).
17. BEYRIES, S. 1988c. Étude tracéologique des racloirs du niveau IIA, in A. Tuffreau and J. Sommé (eds.), Le Gisement Paléothique Moyen de Biache-Saint- Vaast (Pas-de-Calais), Volume I, 215-230, Pas-de-Calais: Mémoires de la Société Préhistorique Française, Tome 21.
18. BEYRIES, S. & P. WALTER. 1996. Racloirs et colorants à Combe-Grenal: Le probléme de la retouche Quina. Quaternaria Nova VI: 167-185.
19. BINFORD, L.R. 1981. Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. New York: Academic Press.
20. BINFORD, L.R. 1984. The Faunal Remainsfrom Klasies River Mouth. Orlando: Academic Press.
21. BINFORD, L.R. 1985. Human ancestors: changing views of their behavior. -Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4:292-327.
22. BOCHERENS, H., BILLIOU, D., MARIOTTI A., PATOU-MATHIS, M., OTTE, M., BONJEAN, D., & TOUSSAINT, M. 1999. Paleoenvironmental and paleodietary implications of isotopic biogeochemistry of last interglacial Neanderthal and mammal bones in Scladina Cave (Belgium). Journal ofArchaeological Sciences 26:5 99-607.
23. BOEDA, E., J. CONNAN, D. DESSORF, S. MUHESEN, N. MERCIER, H. VALLADAS & N. TISNERAT. 1996. Bitumen as a hafting material on Middle Paleolithic artefacts. Science 380:336-338.
24. BOEDA, E., J. CONNAN & S. MUHESEN, 1998. Bitumen as a balling material on Middle Paleolithic Artefacts from the El Kowm Basin, Syria. In T. Akazawa, K. Aoki, and O. Bar-Yosef (eds.) Neanderthals and Modern Humans in Western Asia. New York: Plenum: 181-204.
25. BONNICHSEN, R., L. HODGES, W REAM, K. FIELD, D. KIRNER, K. SELSOR & R. TAYLOR. 2001. Methods for the study of ancient hair: Radiocarbon dates and gene sequences from individual hairs. Journal of Archaeological Science 28:775-785.
26. BORDES, F. 1969. Reflections on typology and technology in the Palcolithic. Arctic Anthropology 6:1-29.
27. BRACE, C. 1995. Bio-cultural interaction and the mechanism of mosaic evolution in the emergence of a "modern" human morphology. American Anthropologist 97:4-11.
28. BRACE, C. 1997 Modern human origins: Narrow focus or broad spectrum? in G. Clark and C. Willermet (eds.), Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, 11-27. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
29. BRAUER, G. & C. STRINGER. 1997. Models, polarization and perspectives on modern human origins, in G. Clark and C. Willermet (eds. , Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, 191-20 1. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
30. BROM, T. 1996. Microscopic identification of feathers and feather fragments of palearctic birds. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 56:181-204.
31. BRUNNER, H., & B.J. COMAN. 1974 The identification of mammalian hair. Melbourne: Inkata Press.
32. BURKE, A. 2000. Hunting in the Middle Paleolithic. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 10:281-285.
33. CATLING, D. & GRAYSON, J. 1982. Identification of Vegetable Fibres. New York: Chapman and Hall.
34. CHASE, P.G. 1989. How different was Middle Paleolithic subsistence? A zooarchaeological perspective on the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. In P. Mellars and C. Stringer (eds.) The Human Revolution. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 321-337.
35. CHASE, R, ARMAND, D., DEBENATH, A., DIBBLE, H., & JELINEK, A.J. 1994. Taphonomy and zooarchaeology of a Mousterian faunal assemblage from La Quina, Charente, France. Journal of Field Archaeology 221:289-305.
36. CHASE, P. 1998. Archéozoologie. In Nouvelles fouilles à La Quina: Résultats preliminaries (A. Debenath & A.J. Jelinek, eds.), Gallia Préhistoire 40: 60-65.
37. CLARK, G. 2002. Neanderthal archaeology: implications for our origins. American Anthropologist 104:50-67.
38. CLARK J.D. 1969. Kalambo Falls Prehistoric Site, Volume I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. CONARD, N. & T. PRINDIVILLE. 2000. Middle Paleolithic hunting economies in the Rhineland. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 10:286-309.
40. DEBENATH, A., & A.J. JELINEK. 1998. Nouvelles fouilles à La Quina: Résultats preliminaires. Gallia Préhistoire 40:29-74.
41. D'ERRICO, F., J. ZILHAO, M.. JULIEN, D. BAFFIER & J. PELEGRIN. 1998. Neanderthal acculturation in western Europe? A critical review of the evidence and its interpretation. Current Anthropology 39:S1-S44.
42. EASTHAM, A. 1989. Cova Negro and Gorham's Cave: Evidence of the place of birds in Mousterian communities. In J. Clutton-Brock, (ed.), The Walking Larder: Patterns ofdomestication, pastoralism, and predation. London: Unwin Hyman: 350-57.
43. FAHN, A. 1982. Plant Anatomy. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
44. FOGEL, M., & TUROSS, N. 1999. Transformation of plant biochemical to geological macromolecules during early diagenesis. Oecologia 120:336-346.
45. FULIAGAR, R.L.K. 1991. The role of silica in polish formation. Journal of Archaeological Science 18:1-24.
46. GRACE, R. 1990. The limitations and applications of use-wear analysis. Aun 14:9-14.
47. GRAYSON, D. & E DELPECH. 2002. Specialized early Upper Palaeolithic hunters in south-western France? Journal ofArchaeological Science 29:1439-1449.
48. GAUDZINSKI, S. 1999. Middle Pateolithic bone tools from the open-air site Salzgitter-Lebenstedt (Germany). Journal of Archaeological Science 26:125-141.
49. HARDY, B.L. 1994. Investigations of stone tools function through use-wear, residue and DNA analyses at the Middle Paleolithic site of La Quina, France. Ph.D. Dissertation, Indiana University.
50. HARDY, B.L. 1998. Microscopic residue analysis of stone tools from the Middle Paleolithic site of Starosele, Crimea Ukraine. In K. Monigal and V. Chabai (eds.) The Middle Paleolithic of the Western Crimea, Vol, 2. Études et Recherches Archéologiques cle l'Université de Liège:pp. 179-196.
51. HARDY, B.L. & G.T. GARUFI. 1998. Identification of woodworking on stone toolsthrough residue and use-wear analyses: Experimental results. Journal of Archaeological Science 25:177-184.
52. HARDY, B.L & M. KAY. 1998. Stone tool function at Starosele: Combining use-wear and residue analyses. In K. Monigal and V. Chabai (eds.) The Middle Poleolithic of the Western Crimea, Vol. 2. Études et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Universite cle Liège: 197-209.
53. HARDY, B.L., M. KAY, A.E. MARKS & K. MONIGAL 2001. Stone tool function at the paleolithic sites of Starosele and Buran Kaya III, Crimea: Behavioural Implications. Proceedings ofthe National Academy of Sciences, USA. 98:10972-10977.
54. HARDY, B.L., R. RAMAN, & R.A. RAFF. 1997. Recovery of mammalian DNA from Middle Paleolithic stone tools. Journal of Archaeological Science 24(7):601-12.
55. HATHER, J. 1993. An Archaeoboranical Guide to Root and Tuber Identification,
56. Volume I, Europe and South West Asia. Oxford: Oxbow Books.
57. HENRI-MARTIN, G. 1956. Les gisements cle La Quina. Comptes rendus do 15éme congrès préhistorique de France, 135-8.
58. HENRI-MARTIN, G. 1958. Relevé altimétrique à la Quina et nouvelles observations. Bulletin de la Société Française 55:656-60.
59. HENRI-MARTIN, G. 1964. La dernière Occupation Moustérienne de La Quina (Charente). Datation par le radiocarbone. Comptes Rendues Hébdomadaires de l'Académie des Sciences 258:3533-35.
60. HENRI-MARTIN, G. 1969. La Quina, in Y. Guillen (ed.), Berry-Poitou-Charentes: Livret- Guide de l'Excursion A4, INQUA, 91-94. Bordeaux: Biscaye-Frères.
61. HENRI-MARTIN, G. 1976. La Quina, in J-P. Rigaud & B. Vandermeersch (ed.), Sudouest (Aquitain et Charente): Livret-Guide de l'Excursion A4, Union International des Sciences Pré- et Protohistoriques, 158-162. Gap: Louis-Jean.
62. HOADLEY, R. 1990. Identifying Wood: Accurate Results with Simple Tools. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press.
63. HOLLIDAY, T. 1997. Body proportions in late Pleistocene Europe and modern human origins. Journal of Human Evolution 32:423-447.
64. HURCOMBE, L. 1988. Some criticisms and suggestions in response to Newcomer et al. (1986). Journal of Archaeological Science 15: 1-10.
65. IRWIN, D., T. KOCHER & A. WILSON. 1991. Evolution of the cytochrome b gene in mammals. Journal of Molecular Evolution 32, 128-144.
66. JELINEK, A.J., A. DEBENATH H & H. DIBBLE. 1989. A preliminary report on evidence related to the interpretation of economic and social activities at the site of La Quina (Charente), France, in M. Otte (ed.), L'Homme de Néandertal. Volume 6, La Subsistence, 99-106. Liége: Erodes et Recherches Archéologiques de l'Université de Liége.
67. KARDULIAS, N. & R. YERKES. 1996. Microwear and metric analysis of threshing sledge flints from Greece and Cyprus. Journal of Archaeological Science 23:657-666.
68. KEALHOFFER, L., R. TORRENCE & R. FULLAGAR. 1999. Integrating phytoliths within use-wear/ residue studies of stone tools. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:527-546.
69. LOY, TH. 1993. The artefact as site: an example of the biomolecular analysis of organic residues on prehistoric tools. World Archaeology 25(1):44-63.
70. MADELIA, M., M. JONES, P. GOLDBERG, Y. GOREN, & E. HOVERS, 2002. The exploitation of plant resources by Neanderthals in Amud Cave, Israel:The evidence from phytoliths studies. Journal of Archaeological Sciences 29:703-719.
71. MARTIN, H. 1907. Recherches sur levolution du Moustérien dans le gisentent de La Quina (Charente): Volume I, (fascicule I), Ossements utilisés. Paris: Schleicher Frères.
72. MARTIN, H. 1909.Recherches sur l'evolution du Moustérien dans le gisement de La Quina (Charente): Volume I, (fascicule 2), Ossements utilisés. Paris: Schleicher Frères.
73. MARTIN, H. 1923a. Recherches sur l'evolution A Moustérien dans le gisement de La Quina (Charente): Volume II, Industries lithique. Angoulême: Mémoires de La Société Archéologique et Historique de la Charente.
74. MARTIN, H. 1923b. Recherches sur l'evolution du Moustérien dans le gisement de La Quina (Charente): Volume III, L'homme fossile. Paris: Schleicher Frères.
75. MARTIN, H. 1926. Recherches sur l'evolution du Moustérien dans le gisement de La Quina (Charente): Volume IV, l'enfant fossile cle La Quina. Angoulême: Imprimerie Ouvrière.
76. MARTIN, H. 1936. Comment vivait l'homme de La Quina à l'epoque Moustérienne? La Préhistoire 5:7-23.
77. MASON, S.L.R., J.G. HATHER & G. C. HILLMAN. 1994. Preliminary investigation of the plant macro-remains from Dolni Vestonice II, and its implications for the role of plant foods in Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe. Antiquity 68:48-57.
78. MERCIER, N. & H. VALLADAS. 1998. Datations. In Nouvelles fouilles à La Quina: Résultats preliminaries (A. Debenath & A.J. Jelinek, eds.), Gallia Préhistoire 40: 70-71.
79. MOSS, E.H. 1987. A review of "Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests". Journal of Archaeological Science 14:473-81.
80. MASON, S.L.R., J.G. HATHER & G.C. HILLMAN. 1994. Preliminary investigation of the plant macro-remains from Dolní Vestonice II, and its implications for the role of plant foods in Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe. Antiquity 68:48-57.
81. NEWCOMER, M., R. GRACE & R. UNGER-HAMILTON. 1986. Investigating microwear polishes with blind tests. Journal of Archaeological Science 13:203-17.
82. NEWCOMER, M., R. GRACE & R. UNGER-HAMILTON 1988. Microwear methodology: a reply to Moss, Hurcombe, and Bamforth. Journal of Archaeological Science 15:25-33.
83. OAKLEY, K., P. ANDREWS, L. KEELEY & J. CLARK. 1977. A reappraisal of the Clacton spearpoint. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 43:13-30.
84. ODELL, G. & F. ODELL-VEREECKEN. 1980. Verifying the reliability oflithic use-wear assessments by "blind tests": the low-power approach. Journal of Field Archaeology 7:87-120.
85. OPSAHL, S. & R. BENNER. 1999. Decomposition dynamics of senescent blades of the seagrass halodule wrightii aschers; in a subtropical lagoon. Marine ecology progress series 94:191-205.
86. OWEN, L. 1996. Der Gebrauch von Pflanzen im Jungpaläolithikum Mitteleuropas. Ethnographisch-Archälogische Zeitschrift 37:119-146.
87. nd Edition. New York: Academic Press.
88. PLISSON, H. & S. BEYRIES. 1998. Pointes ou outils triangulaires? Données fonctionelles Dans le Moustérien Levantin. Paléorient 24:5-24.
89. PLISSON, H. & M. MAUGER. 1988. Chemical and mechanical alterations of microwear polishes: an experimental approach. Helenium 28:3-16.
90. PORSILD, A.E. 1951. Plant life in the arctic. Canadian Geographical Journal 42:120-145.
91. RENAUIT-MIKOVSKY, J. 1998. Palynologie. In Nouvelles fouilles à La Quina: Résultats preliminaries (A. Debenath & A.J. Jelinek, eds.), Gallia Préhistoire 40:65-68.
92. RICHARDS, M., PETTITT, P., TRINKAUS, E., SMITH, F., PAUNOVIC, M., & KARAVANIC, I. 2000. Neanderthal Diet at Vindija and Neanderthal Predation: Th Evidence from Stable Isotopes. Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences, USA. 97: 7663-7666.
93. RIGAUD, J-P., J. SIMEK & G. THIERRY. 1995. Mousterian fires from Grotte XVI (Dordogne, France). Antiquity 69:902-912.
94. RUFF, C. 1994. Morphological adaptation to climate in modern and fossil homirlids. Yearbook of Physic Anthropology 37:65-107.
95. SCHIEGEL, S., S. LEV-YUDEN, O. BAR-YOSEF, A. EL- GORSEY & S. WEINER. 1992. Siliceous aggregates from prehistoric wood ash: a major component of sediments in Kebara and Hayonim caves (Israel). Israel Journal of Earth Sciences 43:267-278.
96. SHEA, J.J. 1988. Spear points from the Middle Paleolithic of the Levant. Journal of Field Archaeology 15:441-50.
97. SHEA, J.J. A functional study of the lithic industries associated with hominid fossils in the Kebara and Qafzech Caves, Israel. In The Human Revolution, P. Mellars and C. Stringer (eds.), Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 611-25.
98. SHEA, J.J. 1992. Lithic microwear analysis in archaeology. Evolutionary Anthropology 1(4):143-50.
99. SHEA, J.J. 1993. Lithic Use-wear evidence for hunting by Neanderthals and early modern humans from the Levantine Mousterian. In G.L. Peterkin, LEM. Bricker, and P. Mellars (eds.),-Hunting and Animal Exploitation in the Later Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eurasia. American Anthropological Association Archaeological Paper 4, pp. 189-97.
100. SHEA, J.J. 1998. Neanderthal and early modern human behavioural variability: a regional-scale approach to lithic evidence for hunting in the Levantine Mousterian. Current Anthropology 39(supplement):S45-S78.
101. STINER, M.C. 1991.The faunal remains from Grotta Guattari: A taphonomic perspective. Current Anthropology 32:103-117.
102. STINER, M.C. 1994. Honor among Thieves: A Zooarchaeological Study of Neanderthal Ecology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
103. STINER, M.C. & S.L. KUHN. 1992. Subsistence, technology, and adaptive variation in Middle Paleolithic Italy. American Anthropologist 94:306-339.
104. STRINGER, C. 1992. Replacement, continuity, and the origins of Homo sapiens, in G. Brauer and F. Smith (eds.), Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, 9-24, Rotterdam: Balkema.
105. STRINGER, C. & P. Andrews. 1988. Modern human origins. Science 241:773-774.
106. STRINGER, C., & C. GAMBLE. 1993. In Search of the Neanderthals. New York: Thames and Hudson.
107. TATTERSALL, I. 1998. Becoming Human. New York: Harcourt Brace.
108. TEERINK, B. 1991. Hair of West European Mammals: Atlas and Identification Key. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
109. TEXIER, P-J., J-P. BRUGAL, C. LEMORINI & Ĺ. WILSON, 1998. Fonction d'un site Paléolichicque moyen en marge d'un territoire: I'abri de La Cornbette (Bonnieux, Vaucluse). Economic Préhistorique: Les Comportments de Suhsistance an Palélithique, Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes.'18:326-348.
110. THIEME, H. 1997. Lower paleolithic hunting spears front Germany. Nature 385:807-810.
111. TRINKAUS, E. 1981. Neanderthal limb proportions and cold adaptation, in C. Stringer (ed.), Aspects of Human Evolution, 187-224, London: Taylor and Francis.
112. VAQUERO, M.,J. VALLLVERDU, J. ROSELI, I. PASTO & E. ALLUE, 2001. Neanderthal behavior at the Middle Paleolithic sire of Abric Romaní, Capellades, Spain. Journal of Field Archaeology 28:93-114.
113. WILLIAMSON, B.S. 1996. Preliminary stone tool residue analysis from Rose Cottage Cave. Southern Aftican Field Archaeology 5:36-44.
114. WOEPOFF, M. 1992. Theories of modern human origins, in G. Brauer and F. Smith (eds.), Continuity or Replacement: Controversies in Homo sapiens Evolution, 24-63, Rotterdam: Balkema.
115. WOEPOFF, M. 1997. Human Evolution. New York: McGraw-Hill.
116. WOLPOFF, M. & R. CASPARL 1997. What does it mean to be modern? in G. Clark and C. Willermet (eds.), Conceptual Issues in Modern Human Origins Research, 28-44. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.