메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 13, 2008, Pages 1787-1802

Local treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis: General and practical considerations

Author keywords

Azoles, therapeutic use; Boric acid, therapeutic use; Nystatin, therapeutic use; Polyenes, therapeutic use; Topical; Vulvovaginal candidiasis, treatment

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN B; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; BORIC ACID; BUTOCONAZOLE; CASPOFUNGIN; CICLOPIROX; CLOTRIMAZOLE; ECHINOCANDIN; ECONAZOLE; ECOSTATIN 1 ER; FENTICONAZOLE; FLUCONAZOLE; FLUCYTOSINE; GYNAZOLE 1; GYNO AKTARIN; GYNOPEVARYL LP; HYDROCORTISONE; ISOCONAZOLE; MICAFUNGIN; MICONAZOLE; MONISTAT 1; MONISTAT 1 COMBINATION PACK; NYSTATIN; POLYENE ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; POSACONAZOLE; POTASSIUM IODIDE; PROBIOTIC AGENT; PYRROLE DERIVATIVE; TEA TREE OIL; TERCONAZOLE; THYME OIL; TIOCONAZOLE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VORICONAZOLE;

EID: 50249134818     PISSN: 00126667     EISSN: 00126667     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00003495-200868130-00002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (57)

References (108)
  • 1
    • 34249895255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 2007 Jun 9; 369 (9577): 1961-71
    • Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet 2007 Jun 9; 369 (9577): 1961-71
  • 2
    • 0036356782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral versus intravaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal agents for the treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush): A systematic review
    • Jan;
    • Watson MC, Grimshaw JM, Bond CM, et al. Oral versus intravaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal agents for the treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush): a systematic review. BJOG 2002 Jan; 109 (1): 85-95
    • (2002) BJOG , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 85-95
    • Watson, M.C.1    Grimshaw, J.M.2    Bond, C.M.3
  • 3
    • 44949228301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush)
    • CD002845
    • Nurbhai M, Grimshaw J, Watson M, et al. Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007; (4): CD002845
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Nurbhai, M.1    Grimshaw, J.2    Watson, M.3
  • 4
    • 13844267839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in prescribing for vulvovaginal candidiasis in the United States
    • Feb;
    • McCaig LF, McNeill MM. Trends in prescribing for vulvovaginal candidiasis in the United States. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2005 Feb; 14 (2): 113-20
    • (2005) Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-120
    • McCaig, L.F.1    McNeill, M.M.2
  • 5
    • 0031454303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sobel JD. Vaginitis. N Engl J Med 1997 Dec 25; 337 (26): 1896-903
    • Sobel JD. Vaginitis. N Engl J Med 1997 Dec 25; 337 (26): 1896-903
  • 6
    • 0033670082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal candidosis: Epidemiological and etiological factors
    • Dec;
    • Ferrer J. Vaginal candidosis: epidemiological and etiological factors. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000 Dec; 71 Suppl. 1: 21-7
    • (2000) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 21-27
    • Ferrer, J.1
  • 7
    • 2642571892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal discharge: Causes, diagnosis, and treatment
    • May 29;
    • Mitchell H. Vaginal discharge: causes, diagnosis, and treatment. BMJ 2004 May 29; 328 (7451): 1306-8
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , Issue.7451 , pp. 1306-1308
    • Mitchell, H.1
  • 8
    • 0031917146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations
    • Feb;
    • Sobel JD, Faro S, Force RW, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998 Feb; 178 (2): 203-11
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-211
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Faro, S.2    Force, R.W.3
  • 10
    • 0036827785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: Epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy
    • Nov 1;
    • Singh S, Sobel JD, Bhargava P, et al. Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2002 Nov 1; 35 (9): 1066-70
    • (2002) Clin Infect Dis , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Singh, S.1    Sobel, J.D.2    Bhargava, P.3
  • 11
    • 0029014172 scopus 로고
    • Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis
    • Jun;
    • Spinillo A, Capuzzo E, Egbe TO, et al. Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis. Obstet Gynecol 1995 Jun; 85 (6): 993-8
    • (1995) Obstet Gynecol , vol.85 , Issue.6 , pp. 993-998
    • Spinillo, A.1    Capuzzo, E.2    Egbe, T.O.3
  • 12
    • 0442295016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal species changes in the female genital tract
    • Jan;
    • Martens MG, Hoffman P, El-Zaatari M. Fungal species changes in the female genital tract. J Low Genit Tract Dis 2004 Jan; 8 (1): 21-4
    • (2004) J Low Genit Tract Dis , vol.8 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-24
    • Martens, M.G.1    Hoffman, P.2    El-Zaatari, M.3
  • 13
    • 0036189890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Over-the-counter anti-fungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Mar;
    • Ferris DG, Nyirjesy P, Sobel JD, et al. Over-the-counter anti-fungal drug misuse associated with patient-diagnosed vulvovaginal candidiasis. Obstet Gynecol 2002 Mar; 99 (3): 419-25
    • (2002) Obstet Gynecol , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 419-425
    • Ferris, D.G.1    Nyirjesy, P.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 14
    • 0034534740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal yeasts in the era of "over the counter" antifungals
    • Dec;
    • Walker PP, Reynolds MT, Ashbee HR, et al. Vaginal yeasts in the era of "over the counter" antifungals. Sex Transm Infect 2000 Dec; 76 (6): 437-8
    • (2000) Sex Transm Infect , vol.76 , Issue.6 , pp. 437-438
    • Walker, P.P.1    Reynolds, M.T.2    Ashbee, H.R.3
  • 15
    • 0347809620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Jul;
    • Fidel Jr PL, Sobel JD. Immunopathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996 Jul; 9 (3): 335-48
    • (1996) Clin Microbiol Rev , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-348
    • Fidel Jr, P.L.1    Sobel, J.D.2
  • 16
    • 0033019108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal heat shock protein expression in symptom-free women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginitis
    • Mar;
    • Giraldo P, Neuer A, Korneeva IL, et al. Vaginal heat shock protein expression in symptom-free women with a history of recurrent vulvovaginitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 Mar; 180 (3 Pt 1): 524-9
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , Issue.3 PART 1 , pp. 524-529
    • Giraldo, P.1    Neuer, A.2    Korneeva, I.L.3
  • 17
    • 0035865166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Feb 15;
    • Nyirjesy P. Chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am Fam Physician 2001 Feb 15; 63 (4): 697-702
    • (2001) Am Fam Physician , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 697-702
    • Nyirjesy, P.1
  • 18
    • 22144492235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The in vitro activity of vaginal Lactobacillus with probiotic properties against Candida
    • Jun;
    • Strus M, Kucharska A, Kukla G, et al. The in vitro activity of vaginal Lactobacillus with probiotic properties against Candida. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2005 Jun; 13 (2): 69-75
    • (2005) Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-75
    • Strus, M.1    Kucharska, A.2    Kukla, G.3
  • 19
    • 0029845937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Oct;
    • Sobel JD, Chaim W. Vaginal microbiology of women with acute recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Clin Microbiol 1996 Oct; 34 (10): 2497-9
    • (1996) J Clin Microbiol , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2497-2499
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Chaim, W.2
  • 20
    • 15044365399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunity in vaginal candidiasis
    • Apr;
    • Fidel Jr PL. Immunity in vaginal candidiasis. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2005 Apr; 18 (2): 107-11
    • (2005) Curr Opin Infect Dis , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 107-111
    • Fidel Jr, P.L.1
  • 21
    • 0036670881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in Candida spp
    • Aug;
    • Sundstrom P. Adhesion in Candida spp. Cell Microbiol 2002 Aug; 4 (8): 461-9
    • (2002) Cell Microbiol , vol.4 , Issue.8 , pp. 461-469
    • Adhesion, S.P.1
  • 22
    • 0037767275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap1 and Sap2 cause tissue damage in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis based on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium
    • Jun;
    • Schaller M, Bein M, Korting HC, et al. The secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap1 and Sap2 cause tissue damage in an in vitro model of vaginal candidiasis based on reconstituted human vaginal epithelium. Infect Immun 2003 Jun; 71 (6): 3227-34
    • (2003) Infect Immun , vol.71 , Issue.6 , pp. 3227-3234
    • Schaller, M.1    Bein, M.2    Korting, H.C.3
  • 23
    • 0043164822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guidelines for nonprescription treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC)
    • Aug;
    • Watson MC, Bond CM. Evidence-based guidelines for nonprescription treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Pharm World Sci 2003 Aug; 25 (4): 129-34
    • (2003) Pharm World Sci , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 129-134
    • Watson, M.C.1    Bond, C.M.2
  • 24
    • 0031789867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm
    • Nov;
    • Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. Obstet Gynecol 1998 Nov; 92 (5): 757-65
    • (1998) Obstet Gynecol , vol.92 , Issue.5 , pp. 757-765
    • Eckert, L.O.1    Hawes, S.E.2    Stevens, C.E.3
  • 25
    • 0031826792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk assessment, symptoms, and signs as predictors of vulvovaginal and cervical infections in an urban US STD clinic: Implications for use of STD algorithms
    • Jun;
    • Ryan CA, Courtois BN, Hawes SE, et al. Risk assessment, symptoms, and signs as predictors of vulvovaginal and cervical infections in an urban US STD clinic: implications for use of STD algorithms. Sex Transm Infect 1998 Jun; 74 Suppl. 1: 59-76
    • (1998) Sex Transm Infect , vol.74 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 59-76
    • Ryan, C.A.1    Courtois, B.N.2    Hawes, S.E.3
  • 26
    • 0034038014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-medication with vaginal antifungal drugs: Physicians' experiences and women's utilization patterns
    • Apr;
    • Sihvo S, Ahonen R, Mikander H, et al. Self-medication with vaginal antifungal drugs: physicians' experiences and women's utilization patterns. Fam Pract 2000 Apr; 17 (2): 145-9
    • (2000) Fam Pract , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-149
    • Sihvo, S.1    Ahonen, R.2    Mikander, H.3
  • 27
    • 10944273656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usage of antifungal drugs for therapy of genital Candida infections, purchased as over-the-counter products or by prescription: I. Analyses of a unique database
    • Jun;
    • Mardh PA, Wagstrom J, Landgren M, et al. Usage of antifungal drugs for therapy of genital Candida infections, purchased as over-the-counter products or by prescription: I. Analyses of a unique database. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2004 Jun; 12 (2): 91-7
    • (2004) Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 91-97
    • Mardh, P.A.1    Wagstrom, J.2    Landgren, M.3
  • 28
    • 50249134118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A guide to the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis and cervicitis
    • Cejtin HE, Mason ED. A guide to the diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis and cervicitis. Hosp Physician 2000; 36 (10): 53-63
    • (2000) Hosp Physician , vol.36 , Issue.10 , pp. 53-63
    • Cejtin, H.E.1    Mason, E.D.2
  • 29
    • 0032816039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The infrequent use of office-based diagnostic tests for vaginitis
    • Jul;
    • Wiesenfeld HC, Macio I. The infrequent use of office-based diagnostic tests for vaginitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 Jul; 181 (1): 39-41
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.181 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-41
    • Wiesenfeld, H.C.1    Macio, I.2
  • 30
    • 17944367295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: Results from a prospective study
    • Aug;
    • Baeten JM, Nyange PM, Richardson BA, et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of sexually transmitted disease acquisition: results from a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 Aug; 185 (2): 380-5
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , Issue.2 , pp. 380-385
    • Baeten, J.M.1    Nyange, P.M.2    Richardson, B.A.3
  • 31
    • 0342905411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of reproductive hormones on experimental vaginal candidiasis
    • Feb;
    • Fidel Jr PL. Cutright J, Steele C. Effects of reproductive hormones on experimental vaginal candidiasis. Infect Immun 2000 Feb; 68 (2): 651-7
    • (2000) Infect Immun , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 651-657
    • Fidel Jr, P.L.1    Cutright, J.2    Steele, C.3
  • 32
    • 0031938872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and outcomes associated with moderate to heavy Candida colonization during pregnancy. Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group
    • Feb;
    • Cotch MF, Hillier SL, Gibbs RS, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes associated with moderate to heavy Candida colonization during pregnancy. Vaginal Infections and Prematurity Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998 Feb; 178 (2): 374-80
    • (1998) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.178 , Issue.2 , pp. 374-380
    • Cotch, M.F.1    Hillier, S.L.2    Gibbs, R.S.3
  • 33
    • 33845505302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History and update on host defense against vaginal candidiasis
    • Jan;
    • Fidel Jr PL. History and update on host defense against vaginal candidiasis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007 Jan; 57 (1): 2-12
    • (2007) Am J Reprod Immunol , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-12
    • Fidel Jr, P.L.1
  • 34
    • 25444515661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between atopy and recurrent vaginal candidiasis
    • Oct;
    • Neves NA, Carvalho LP, De Oliveira MA, et al. Association between atopy and recurrent vaginal candidiasis. Clin Exp Immunol 2005 Oct; 142 (1): 167-71
    • (2005) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 167-171
    • Neves, N.A.1    Carvalho, L.P.2    De Oliveira, M.A.3
  • 35
    • 0033840774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women
    • Aug;
    • Helfgott A, Eriksen N, Bundrick CM, et al. Vaginal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000 Aug; 183 (2): 347-55
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , Issue.2 , pp. 347-355
    • Helfgott, A.1    Eriksen, N.2    Bundrick, C.M.3
  • 36
    • 0033027268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of antibiotic use on the prevalence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Jan;
    • Spinillo A, Capuzzo E, Acciano S, et al. Effect of antibiotic use on the prevalence of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999 Jan; 180 (1 Pt 1): 14-7
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , Issue.1 PART 1 , pp. 14-17
    • Spinillo, A.1    Capuzzo, E.2    Acciano, S.3
  • 37
    • 18744378563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • de Leon EM, Jacober SJ, Sobel JD, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for vaginal Candida colonization in women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. BMC Infect Dis 2002; 2: 1
    • (2002) BMC Infect Dis , vol.2 , pp. 1
    • de Leon, E.M.1    Jacober, S.J.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 38
    • 1642423731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in women receiving maintenance antifungal therapy: Results of a prospective cohort study
    • Mar;
    • Patel DA, Gillespie B, Sobel JD, et al. Risk factors for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis in women receiving maintenance antifungal therapy: results of a prospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004 Mar; 190 (3): 644-53
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.190 , Issue.3 , pp. 644-653
    • Patel, D.A.1    Gillespie, B.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 40
    • 17144362496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association of Candida infection with intrauterine contraceptive device
    • Mar;
    • Demirezen S, Dirlik OO, Beksac MS. The association of Candida infection with intrauterine contraceptive device. Cent Eur J Public Health 2005 Mar; 13 (1): 32-4
    • (2005) Cent Eur J Public Health , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-34
    • Demirezen, S.1    Dirlik, O.O.2    Beksac, M.S.3
  • 41
    • 33646258746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress as a cause of chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and the effectiveness of the conventional antimycotic therapy
    • May;
    • Meyer H, Goettlicher S, Mendling W. Stress as a cause of chronic recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis and the effectiveness of the conventional antimycotic therapy. Mycoses 2006 May; 49 (3): 202-9
    • (2006) Mycoses , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-209
    • Meyer, H.1    Goettlicher, S.2    Mendling, W.3
  • 42
    • 33746774864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2006. MMWR 2006; 55: 1-94
    • (2006) MMWR , vol.55 , pp. 1-94
  • 43
    • 0742299199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis
    • Jan 15;
    • Pappas PG, Rex JH, Sobel JD, et al. Guidelines for treatment of candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004 Jan 15; 38 (2): 161-89
    • (2004) Clin Infect Dis , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-189
    • Pappas, P.G.1    Rex, J.H.2    Sobel, J.D.3
  • 44
    • 0242635606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guideline vulvovaginal candidosis: Guideline of the German Dermatological Society, the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Working Group for Infections and Infectimmunology of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics
    • Mendling W, Seebacher C. Guideline vulvovaginal candidosis: guideline of the German Dermatological Society, the German Speaking Mycological Society and the Working Group for Infections and Infectimmunology of the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics. Mycoses 2003; 46 (9-10): 365-9
    • (2003) Mycoses , vol.46 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 365-369
    • Mendling, W.1    Seebacher, C.2
  • 45
    • 50249174355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Effectiveness Group
    • British Association of Sexual Health and HIV BASHH, London: BASHH
    • British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH), Clinical Effectiveness Group. National guideline for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis. London: BASHH, 2002
    • (2002) National guideline for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis
  • 47
    • 0343527436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ringdahl EN. Treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am Fam Physician 2000 Jun 1; 61 (11): 3306-12, 17
    • Ringdahl EN. Treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am Fam Physician 2000 Jun 1; 61 (11): 3306-12, 17
  • 48
    • 0038282386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Sobel JD. Management of patients with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Drugs 2003; 63 (11): 1059-66
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , Issue.11 , pp. 1059-1066
    • Sobel, J.D.1
  • 49
    • 0343819801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of warfarin's hypoprothrombinemic effect with miconazole vaginal suppositories
    • Jan;
    • Thirion DJ, Zanetti LA. Potentiation of warfarin's hypoprothrombinemic effect with miconazole vaginal suppositories. Pharmacotherapy 2000 Jan; 20 (1): 98-9
    • (2000) Pharmacotherapy , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 98-99
    • Thirion, D.J.1    Zanetti, L.A.2
  • 50
    • 0032986655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiation of acenocoumarol during vaginal administration of miconazole [letter]
    • Feb;
    • Lansdorp D, Bressers HP, Dekens-Konter JA, et al. Potentiation of acenocoumarol during vaginal administration of miconazole [letter]. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999 Feb; 47 (2): 225-6
    • (1999) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-226
    • Lansdorp, D.1    Bressers, H.P.2    Dekens-Konter, J.A.3
  • 51
    • 0033948257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of antifungal drugs in pregnancy: A focus on safety
    • Jul;
    • Sobel JD. Use of antifungal drugs in pregnancy: a focus on safety. Drug Saf 2000 Jul; 23 (1): 77-85
    • (2000) Drug Saf , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 77-85
    • Sobel, J.D.1
  • 52
    • 0035232585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in pregnancy
    • CD000225
    • Young GL, Jewell D. Topical treatment for vaginal candidiasis (thrush) in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; (4): CD000225
    • (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Young, G.L.1    Jewell, D.2
  • 53
    • 0025036228 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Orally or vaginally?
    • Sep;
    • Merkus JM. Treatment of vaginal candidiasis: orally or vaginally? J Am Acad Dermatol 1990 Sep; 23 (3 Pt 2): 568-72
    • (1990) J Am Acad Dermatol , vol.23 , Issue.3 PART 2 , pp. 568-572
    • Merkus, J.M.1
  • 54
    • 0035068457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Die orale kurzzeit-therapie der vulvovaginalen pilzinfektion als ein patientenorientiertes therapiekonzept.
    • Mar;
    • Kiss H, Witt A, Petricevic L, et al. Die orale kurzzeit-therapie der vulvovaginalen pilzinfektion als ein patientenorientiertes therapiekonzept. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 2001 Mar; 61 (3): 133-7
    • (2001) Geburtsh Frauenheilk , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 133-137
    • Kiss, H.1    Witt, A.2    Petricevic, L.3
  • 55
    • 33646028764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about the vagina: The International Vagina Dialogue Survey
    • May;
    • Nappi RE, Liekens G, Brandenburg U. Attitudes, perceptions and knowledge about the vagina: the International Vagina Dialogue Survey. Contraception 2006 May; 73 (5): 493-500
    • (2006) Contraception , vol.73 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-500
    • Nappi, R.E.1    Liekens, G.2    Brandenburg, U.3
  • 56
    • 50249141084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • online, Available from URL: at, Accessed 2008 Apr 12
    • Drugstore.com [online]. Available from URL: at http://www.drugstore.com [Accessed 2008 Apr 12]
  • 57
    • 42549144234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint Formulary Committee, 55th ed. London: British Medical Association & Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain
    • Joint Formulary Committee. British National Formulary. 55th ed. London: British Medical Association & Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 2008
    • (2008) British National Formulary
  • 58
    • 84872509328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • online, Available from URL:, Accessed 2008 Apr 12
    • NHS clinical knowledge summaries [online]. Available from URL: http://cks.library.nhs.uk [Accessed 2008 Apr 12]
    • NHS clinical knowledge summaries
  • 59
    • 0036315884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facts and myths on recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: A review on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy
    • Aug;
    • Mardh PA, Rodrigues AG, Genc M, et al. Facts and myths on recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis: a review on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, pathogenesis and therapy. Int J STD AIDS 2002 Aug; 13 (8): 522-39
    • (2002) Int J STD AIDS , vol.13 , Issue.8 , pp. 522-539
    • Mardh, P.A.1    Rodrigues, A.G.2    Genc, M.3
  • 60
    • 2142666978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal drugs in pregnancy: A review
    • Sep;
    • Moudgal VV, Sobel JD. Antifungal drugs in pregnancy: a review. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2003 Sep; 2 (5): 475-83
    • (2003) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.2 , Issue.5 , pp. 475-483
    • Moudgal, V.V.1    Sobel, J.D.2
  • 61
    • 33645937616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy
    • Apr;
    • Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, et al. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006 Apr; 93 (1): 55-6
    • (2006) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.93 , Issue.1 , pp. 55-56
    • Acs, N.1    Banhidy, F.2    Puho, E.3
  • 62
    • 0034113935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic vaginal candidiasis: Management in the postmenopausal patient
    • May;
    • Nwokolo NC, Boag FC. Chronic vaginal candidiasis: management in the postmenopausal patient. Drugs Aging 2000 May; 16 (5): 335-9
    • (2000) Drugs Aging , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 335-339
    • Nwokolo, N.C.1    Boag, F.C.2
  • 63
    • 0037961803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of common vulval conditions
    • Apr 21;
    • Welsh BM, Berzins KN, Cook KA, et al. Management of common vulval conditions. Med J Aust 2003 Apr 21; 178 (8): 391-5
    • (2003) Med J Aust , vol.178 , Issue.8 , pp. 391-395
    • Welsh, B.M.1    Berzins, K.N.2    Cook, K.A.3
  • 66
    • 0033796814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to antifungal drugs
    • Apr;
    • Dismukes WE. Introduction to antifungal drugs. Clin Infect Dis 2000 Apr; 30 (4): 653-7
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 653-657
    • Dismukes, W.E.1
  • 67
    • 0029925329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of 72 patients with contact allergy to tioconazole
    • Apr;
    • Heikkila H, Stubb S, Reitamo S. A study of 72 patients with contact allergy to tioconazole. Br J Dermatol 1996 Apr; 134 (4): 678-80
    • (1996) Br J Dermatol , vol.134 , Issue.4 , pp. 678-680
    • Heikkila, H.1    Stubb, S.2    Reitamo, S.3
  • 68
    • 0036488166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of Candida species to anti-fungal agents: Molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences
    • Feb;
    • Sanglard D, Odds FC. Resistance of Candida species to anti-fungal agents: molecular mechanisms and clinical consequences. Lancet Infect Dis 2002 Feb; 2 (2): 73-85
    • (2002) Lancet Infect Dis , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 73-85
    • Sanglard, D.1    Odds, F.C.2
  • 69
    • 20444448969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of non-albicans Candida vaginitis with amphotericin B vaginal suppositories
    • Jun;
    • Phillips AJ. Treatment of non-albicans Candida vaginitis with amphotericin B vaginal suppositories. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005 Jun; 192 (6): 2009-12
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.192 , Issue.6 , pp. 2009-2012
    • Phillips, A.J.1
  • 70
    • 0034926530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe vulvovaginitis associated with intravaginal nystatin therapy
    • Jul;
    • Dan M. Severe vulvovaginitis associated with intravaginal nystatin therapy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001 Jul; 185 (1): 254-5
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.185 , Issue.1 , pp. 254-255
    • Dan, M.1
  • 71
    • 0347381382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata: Use of topical boric acid and flucytosine
    • Nov;
    • Sobel JD, Chaim W, Nagappan V, et al. Treatment of vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata: use of topical boric acid and flucytosine. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003 Nov; 189 (5): 1297-300
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.189 , Issue.5 , pp. 1297-1300
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Chaim, W.2    Nagappan, V.3
  • 72
    • 33846677718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of Candida glabrata and its response to boric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Feb;
    • Ray D, Goswami R, Banerjee U, et al. Prevalence of Candida glabrata and its response to boric acid vaginal suppositories in comparison with oral fluconazole in patients with diabetes and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Diabetes Care 2007 Feb; 30 (2): 312-7
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 312-317
    • Ray, D.1    Goswami, R.2    Banerjee, U.3
  • 73
    • 0030895286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis: Retrospective review of boric acid therapy
    • Apr;
    • Sobel JD, Chaim W. Treatment of Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis: retrospective review of boric acid therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1997 Apr; 24 (4): 649-52
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 649-652
    • Sobel, J.D.1    Chaim, W.2
  • 74
    • 0022922499 scopus 로고
    • Topical flucytosine therapy for chronic recurrent Candida tropicalis infections
    • Sep;
    • Horowitz BJ. Topical flucytosine therapy for chronic recurrent Candida tropicalis infections. J Reprod Med 1986 Sep; 31 (9): 821-4
    • (1986) J Reprod Med , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 821-824
    • Horowitz, B.J.1
  • 75
    • 0034949967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined topical flucytosine and amphotericin B for refractory vaginal Candida glabrata infections
    • Jun;
    • White DJ, Habib AR, Vanthuyne A, et al. Combined topical flucytosine and amphotericin B for refractory vaginal Candida glabrata infections. Sex Transm Infect 2001 Jun; 77 (3): 212-3
    • (2001) Sex Transm Infect , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 212-213
    • White, D.J.1    Habib, A.R.2    Vanthuyne, A.3
  • 76
    • 0034028111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eficacia y seguridad de ciclopirox olamina en crema vaginal al 1% contra terconazol en crema vaginal al 0.8% en el tratamiento de candidiasis genital.
    • Apr;
    • Garcia Figueroa RG, Sauceda L, Ramirez Palacios D, et al. Eficacia y seguridad de ciclopirox olamina en crema vaginal al 1% contra terconazol en crema vaginal al 0.8% en el tratamiento de candidiasis genital. Ginecol Obstet Mex 2000 Apr; 68: 154-9
    • (2000) Ginecol Obstet Mex , vol.68 , pp. 154-159
    • Garcia Figueroa, R.G.1    Sauceda, L.2    Ramirez Palacios, D.3
  • 77
    • 0041733107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical antiseptics as an alternative in the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidosis
    • Aug;
    • Friese K, Neumann G, Siebert J. Topical antiseptics as an alternative in the treatment of acute vulvovaginal candidosis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2003 Aug; 268 (3): 194-7
    • (2003) Arch Gynecol Obstet , vol.268 , Issue.3 , pp. 194-197
    • Friese, K.1    Neumann, G.2    Siebert, J.3
  • 78
    • 3042528686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of a new chlorhexidine-based vaginal gel in vaginal infections
    • Jun;
    • Molteni B, D'Antuono A, Bandini P, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of a new chlorhexidine-based vaginal gel in vaginal infections. Curr Med Res Opin 2004 Jun; 20 (6): 849-53
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-853
    • Molteni, B.1    D'Antuono, A.2    Bandini, P.3
  • 79
    • 0036379408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local treatment of vaginal infections of varying etiology with dequalinium chloride or povidone iodine: A randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentric clinical study
    • Petersen EE, Weissenbacher ER, Hengst P, et al. Local treatment of vaginal infections of varying etiology with dequalinium chloride or povidone iodine: a randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentric clinical study. Arzneimittelforschung 2002; 52 (9): 706-15
    • (2002) Arzneimittelforschung , vol.52 , Issue.9 , pp. 706-715
    • Petersen, E.E.1    Weissenbacher, E.R.2    Hengst, P.3
  • 80
    • 0036733522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zeamatin, clotrimazole and nikkomycin Z in therapy of a Candida vaginitis model
    • Sep;
    • Stevens DA, Calderon L, Martinez M, et al. Zeamatin, clotrimazole and nikkomycin Z in therapy of a Candida vaginitis model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002 Sep; 50 (3): 361-4
    • (2002) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 361-364
    • Stevens, D.A.1    Calderon, L.2    Martinez, M.3
  • 81
    • 4544259815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Lactobacillus in preventing post-antibiotic vulvovaginal candidiasis: A randomised controlled trial
    • Sep 4;
    • Pirotta M, Gunn J, Chondros P, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus in preventing post-antibiotic vulvovaginal candidiasis: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2004 Sep 4; 329 (7465): 548
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.329 , Issue.7465 , pp. 548
    • Pirotta, M.1    Gunn, J.2    Chondros, P.3
  • 82
    • 33748087456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: A review
    • Aug;
    • Falagas ME, Betsi GI, Athanasiou S. Probiotics for prevention of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2006 Aug; 58 (2): 266-72
    • (2006) J Antimicrob Chemother , vol.58 , Issue.2 , pp. 266-272
    • Falagas, M.E.1    Betsi, G.I.2    Athanasiou, S.3
  • 83
    • 30644468891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunotherapeutic approaches to enhance protective immunity against Candida vaginitis
    • Nov;
    • Wozniak KL, Palmer G, Kutner R, et al. Immunotherapeutic approaches to enhance protective immunity against Candida vaginitis. Med Mycol 2005 Nov; 43 (7): 589-601
    • (2005) Med Mycol , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 589-601
    • Wozniak, K.L.1    Palmer, G.2    Kutner, R.3
  • 84
    • 0036093448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New immunotherapeutic strategies to control vaginal candidiasis
    • Mar;
    • Magliani W, Conti S, Cassone A, et al. New immunotherapeutic strategies to control vaginal candidiasis. Trends Mol Med 2002 Mar; 8 (3): 121-6
    • (2002) Trends Mol Med , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 121-126
    • Magliani, W.1    Conti, S.2    Cassone, A.3
  • 85
    • 34848868749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticandidal immunity and vaginitis: Novel opportunities for immune intervention
    • Oct;
    • Cassone A, De Bernardis F, Santoni G. Anticandidal immunity and vaginitis: novel opportunities for immune intervention. Infect Immun 2007 Oct; 75 (10): 4675-86
    • (2007) Infect Immun , vol.75 , Issue.10 , pp. 4675-4686
    • Cassone, A.1    De Bernardis, F.2    Santoni, G.3
  • 86
    • 0033048734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts
    • Jun;
    • Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. J Appl Microbiol 1999 Jun; 86 (6): 985-90
    • (1999) J Appl Microbiol , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 985-990
    • Hammer, K.A.1    Carson, C.F.2    Riley, T.V.3
  • 88
    • 0141650372 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil
    • Hammer KA, Carson CF, Riley TV. Antifungal activity of the components of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil. J Appl Microbiol 2003; 95 (4): 853-60
    • (2003) J Appl Microbiol , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 853-860
    • Hammer, K.A.1    Carson, C.F.2    Riley, T.V.3
  • 90
    • 38749144055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vaginal drug administration in the hospital setting
    • das Neves J, Santos B, Teixeira B, et al. Vaginal drug administration in the hospital setting. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2008; 65 (3): 254-9
    • (2008) Am J Health Syst Pharm , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 254-259
    • das Neves, J.1    Santos, B.2    Teixeira, B.3
  • 92
    • 31544434899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of sustained-release single-dose formulations for vulvovaginal candidiasis: The example of butoconazole vaginal emulsion as a drug-sparing formulation
    • Henzl MR. Properties of sustained-release single-dose formulations for vulvovaginal candidiasis: the example of butoconazole vaginal emulsion as a drug-sparing formulation. Am J Drug Deliv 2005; 3 (4): 227-37
    • (2005) Am J Drug Deliv , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 227-237
    • Henzl, M.R.1
  • 93
    • 0032739106 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Butoconazole nitrate 2% for vulvovaginal candidiasis: New, single-dose vaginal cream formulation vs. seven-day treatment with miconazole nitrate. Gynazole 1 Study Group
    • Nov;
    • Brown D, Henzl MR, Kaufman RH. Butoconazole nitrate 2% for vulvovaginal candidiasis: new, single-dose vaginal cream formulation vs. seven-day treatment with miconazole nitrate. Gynazole 1 Study Group. J Reprod Med 1999 Nov; 44 (11): 933-8
    • (1999) J Reprod Med , vol.44 , Issue.11 , pp. 933-938
    • Brown, D.1    Henzl, M.R.2    Kaufman, R.H.3
  • 94
    • 33644845168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of butoconazole nitrate 2% site release vaginal cream (Gynazole-1) compared to fluconazole 150 mg tablets (Diflucan) in the time to relief of symptoms in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Dec;
    • Seidman LS, Skokos CK. An evaluation of butoconazole nitrate 2% site release vaginal cream (Gynazole-1) compared to fluconazole 150 mg tablets (Diflucan) in the time to relief of symptoms in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2005 Dec; 13 (4): 197-206
    • (2005) Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 197-206
    • Seidman, L.S.1    Skokos, C.K.2
  • 95
    • 0033766894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind randomized dose-finding study in acute vulvovaginal candidosis: Comparison of flutrimazole site-release cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream
    • Oct;
    • del Palacio A, Sanz F, Sanchez-Alor G, et al. Double-blind randomized dose-finding study in acute vulvovaginal candidosis: comparison of flutrimazole site-release cream (1, 2 and 4%) with placebo site-release vaginal cream. Mycoses 2000 Oct; 43 (9-10): 355-65
    • (2000) Mycoses , vol.43 , Issue.9-10 , pp. 355-365
    • del Palacio, A.1    Sanz, F.2    Sanchez-Alor, G.3
  • 96
    • 0034049003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-dose miconazole nitrate vaginal ovule in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: Two single-blind, controlled studies versus miconazole nitrate 100 mg cream for 7 days
    • May;
    • Upmalis DH, Cone FL, Lamia CA, et al. Single-dose miconazole nitrate vaginal ovule in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: two single-blind, controlled studies versus miconazole nitrate 100 mg cream for 7 days. J Womens Health Gend Based Med 2000 May; 9 (4): 421-9
    • (2000) J Womens Health Gend Based Med , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 421-429
    • Upmalis, D.H.1    Cone, F.L.2    Lamia, C.A.3
  • 97
    • 14744275802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of bedtime versus daytime administration of the miconazole nitrate 1200 mg vaginal ovule insert to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis
    • Jan;
    • Barnhart K. Safety and efficacy of bedtime versus daytime administration of the miconazole nitrate 1200 mg vaginal ovule insert to treat vulvovaginal candidiasis. Curr Med Res Opin 2005 Jan; 21 (1): 127-34
    • (2005) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 127-134
    • Barnhart, K.1
  • 98
    • 0033665172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical treatment of vaginal candidosis with sertaconazole and econazole sustained-release suppositories
    • Dec;
    • Dellenbach P, Thomas JL, Guerin V, et al. Topical treatment of vaginal candidosis with sertaconazole and econazole sustained-release suppositories. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2000 Dec; 71 Suppl. 1: 47-52
    • (2000) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 47-52
    • Dellenbach, P.1    Thomas, J.L.2    Guerin, V.3
  • 99
    • 0037130164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolonged antifungal effects of clotrimazole-containing mucoadhesive thermosensitive gels on vaginitis
    • Jul 18;
    • Chang JY, Oh YK, Kong HS, et al. Prolonged antifungal effects of clotrimazole-containing mucoadhesive thermosensitive gels on vaginitis. J Control Release 2002 Jul 18; 82 (1): 39-50
    • (2002) J Control Release , vol.82 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-50
    • Chang, J.Y.1    Oh, Y.K.2    Kong, H.S.3
  • 100
    • 84869298534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucoadhesive, thermosensitive, prolonged-release vaginal gel for clotrimazole:beta-cyclodextrin complex
    • Bilensoy E, Rouf MA, Vural I, et al. Mucoadhesive, thermosensitive, prolonged-release vaginal gel for clotrimazole:beta-cyclodextrin complex. AAPS PharmSciTech 2006; 7 (2): E38
    • (2006) AAPS PharmSciTech , vol.7 , Issue.2
    • Bilensoy, E.1    Rouf, M.A.2    Vural, I.3
  • 101
    • 23944494632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of bioadhesive liposome gels for local therapy of vaginitis
    • Sep 14;
    • Pavelic Z, Skalko-Basnet N, Jalsenjak I. Characterisation and in vitro evaluation of bioadhesive liposome gels for local therapy of vaginitis. Int J Pharm 2005 Sep 14; 301 (1-2): 140-8
    • (2005) Int J Pharm , vol.301 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 140-148
    • Pavelic, Z.1    Skalko-Basnet, N.2    Jalsenjak, I.3
  • 102
    • 21144449208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation and evaluation of proliposomes containing clotrimazole
    • Jun;
    • Ning MY, Guo YZ, Pan HZ, et al. Preparation and evaluation of proliposomes containing clotrimazole. Chem Pharm Bull 2005 Jun; 53 (6): 620-4
    • (2005) Chem Pharm Bull , vol.53 , Issue.6 , pp. 620-624
    • Ning, M.Y.1    Guo, Y.Z.2    Pan, H.Z.3
  • 103
    • 24744462679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of liposomal/niosomal gel delivery systems for clotrimazole
    • May;
    • Ning M, Guo Y, Pan H, et al. Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of liposomal/niosomal gel delivery systems for clotrimazole. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2005 May; 31 (4-5): 375-83
    • (2005) Drug Dev Ind Pharm , vol.31 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 375-383
    • Ning, M.1    Guo, Y.2    Pan, H.3
  • 104
    • 0021717498 scopus 로고
    • The safety of propylene glycol and other humectants
    • Motoyoshi K, Nozawa S, Yoshimura M, et al. The safety of propylene glycol and other humectants. Cosmet Toilet 1984; 99 (10): 83-91
    • (1984) Cosmet Toilet , vol.99 , Issue.10 , pp. 83-91
    • Motoyoshi, K.1    Nozawa, S.2    Yoshimura, M.3
  • 105
    • 0029057840 scopus 로고
    • Polysorbate 80 hypersensitivity [letter]
    • May 20;
    • Shelley WB, Talanin N, Shelley ED. Polysorbate 80 hypersensitivity [letter]. Lancet 1995 May 20; 345 (8960): 1312-3
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , Issue.8960 , pp. 1312-1313
    • Shelley, W.B.1    Talanin, N.2    Shelley, E.D.3
  • 106
    • 3042847673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol in multiple medicaments
    • May;
    • Sestini S, Mori M, Francalanci S. Allergic contact dermatitis from benzyl alcohol in multiple medicaments. Contact Dermatitis 2004 May; 50 (5): 316-7
    • (2004) Contact Dermatitis , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 316-317
    • Sestini, S.1    Mori, M.2    Francalanci, S.3
  • 107
    • 33745504777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gels as vaginal drug delivery systems
    • Aug 2;
    • das Neves J, Bahia MF. Gels as vaginal drug delivery systems. Int J Pharm 2006 Aug 2; 318 (1-2): 1-14
    • (2006) Int J Pharm , vol.318 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-14
    • das Neves, J.1    Bahia, M.F.2
  • 108
    • 0036348761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the moisturization efficacy of two vaginal moisturizers: Pectin versus polycarbophil technologies
    • Mar-Apr;
    • Caswell M, Kane M. Comparison of the moisturization efficacy of two vaginal moisturizers: pectin versus polycarbophil technologies. J Cosmet Sci 2002 Mar-Apr; 53 (2): 81-7
    • (2002) J Cosmet Sci , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-87
    • Caswell, M.1    Kane, M.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.