Fixed-dose isosorbide dinitrate-hydralazine: Race-based cardiovascular medicine benefit or mirage?

Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 458-463

  Ferdinand, Keith C ^a,b,c,d  

^a EMORY UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Association of Black Cardiologists Inc (ABC)

^c African American Heart Failure Study ^*

^d AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HYDRALAZINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; ISOSORBIDE HYDRALAZINE COMBINATION; ISOSORBIDE-HYDRALAZINE COMBINATION; VASODILATOR AGENT;

AFRICAN AMERICAN; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG COMBINATION; ETHNOLOGY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; NEGRO;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; AFRICAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; DRUG COMBINATIONS; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HEART FAILURE; HUMANS; HYDRALAZINE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; VASODILATOR AGENTS;

EID: 50249129664     PISSN: 10731105     EISSN: 1748720X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2008.291.x     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (23)

1. Hypertension Prevalence of the 1984 Joint National Committee the United States Final Report of the Subcommittee on Definition and prevalence and the Status of Awareness, Treatment, and Control Hypertension 7, no. 3 (1985 457 468.
2. American Heart Association Heart Failure available at < http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1486 > (last visited May 12, 2008).
3. Thom, T. N. Haase, and W. Rosamond et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics - 2006 Update: A Report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee Circulation 113, no. 6 (February 2006 e85 el51.
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Vital Statistics Deaths, Percent of Total Deaths, and Death Rates for the 15 Leading Causes of Death in 10-Year Age Groups, by Race and Sex: US, 2003, available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/dvs/lcwk2_2003.pdf (last visited May 12, 2008).
5. See Thom, Haase, and Rosamond et al., supra note 3.
6. H. M. Krumholz, E. M. Parent, N. Tu, V. Vaccarino, Y. Wang, M. J. Radford, and J. Hennen Readmission After Hospital-ization for Congestive Heart Failure among Medicare Beneficiaries Archives of Internal Medicine 157, no. 1 (1997 99 104.
7. M. Lillie-Blanton, T. M. Maddox, and O. Rushing et al. Disparities in Cardiac Care: Rising to the Challenge of Healthy People 2010 Journal of the American College of Cardiology 44, no. 3 (August 4, 2004 503 508.
8. Id.
9. C. W. Yancy Heart Failure in African Americans American Journal of Cardiology 96, no. 7 (2005 3 12.
10. See Thom, Haase, and Rosamond et al., supra note 3.
11. See Yancy, supra note 9.
12. D. V. Exner, D. L. Dries, and M. J. Domanski et al. Lesser Response to Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor Therapy in Black as Compared with White Patients with Left Ventricular Dysfunction New England Journal of Medicine 344, no. 18 (May 3, 2001 1351 1357.
13. See Yancy, supra note 9.
14. S. Julius, M. H. Alderman, and G. Beevers et al. Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Hypertensive Black Patients with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy: The LIFE Study Journal American College Cardiology 43, no. 6 (2004 1047 1055.
15. Although existing data were imperfect, it suggested a tantalizing lead. See Yancy, supra note 9.
16. A. L. Taylor, S. Ziesche, and C. Yancy et al. Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine in Blacks with Heart Failure New England Journal of Medicine 351, no. 20 (2004 2049 2057.
17. S. W Tam, M. L. Sbolinski, M. Worcel, M. Packer, and J. N. Cohn Lack of Bioequivalence between Different Formulations of Isosorbide Dinitrate and Hydralazine and the Fixed-Dose Combination of Isosorbide Dinitrate/Hydralazine Ferdinand African American Heart Failure Trial: Role of Endothelial Dysfunction and Heart Failure in African Americans American Journal of Cardiology 99, no. 6 (2007 S3D S6. K. M. Small, L. E. Wagoner, and A. M. Levin et al. Synergistic Polymorphisms of b1- and a2c-Adrenergic Receptors and the Risk of Congestive Heart Failure New England Journal of Medcine 347, no. 15 (2002 1135 1142 D. M. McNamara, W Tam, and M. L. Sabolinski et al. Aldo-sterone Synthase Promoter Polymorphism Predicts Outcome in African Americans with Heart Failure: Results from the A-HeFT Trial Journal of American College of Cardiology 48, no. 6 (2006 1277 1282.
18. Id. (McNamara et al.).
19. See Taylor, Ziesche, and Yancy et al., supra note 16.
20. S. Hunt, W T. Abraham, and M. H. Chin et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Circulation 112, no. 12 (September 20, 2005 e154 e235.
21. L. A. Carey, C. M. Perou, and C. A. Livasy et al. Race, Breast Cancer Subtypes, and Survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study JAMA 295, no. 21 (June 7, 2006 2492 2502.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Healthy People 2010 Focus Area 3 Cancer Progress Review PowerPoint presentation available at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ppt/hpdata2010/focusareas/fa03_charts.ppt (last visited May 12, 2008).
23. S. Saul U.S. to Review Heart Drug Intended for One Race New York Times, June 13, 2005, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/l3/business/l3cardio. html (last visited May 27, 2008).