Illiteracy and the incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the Yonchon County survey, Korea

International Psychogeriatrics

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 976-985

  Lee, Jun Young ^a   Chang, Sung Man ^b   Jang, Hong Suk ^c   Chang, Jae Seung ^d   Suh, Guk Hee ^e   Jung, Hee Yeon ^a   Jeon, Hong Jin ^b   Cho, Maeng Je ^b  

^a Seoul National University Boramae Hospital   (South Korea)

^b Seoul National University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

^c Division of Infectious Diseases   (South Korea)

^d Seoul Eunpyeong Hospital   (South Korea)

^e Hallym University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Illiteracy; Incidence studies

Indexed keywords

AGED; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CONFIDENCE INTERVAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HAZARD RATIO; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; KOREA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MORBIDITY; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; READING; SEX DIFFERENCE; SURVIVOR;

AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; COHORT STUDIES; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEALTH SURVEYS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; KOREA; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; PREVALENCE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 50149117079     PISSN: 10416102     EISSN: 1741203X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1041610208007333     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, . Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Castro-Caldas, A., Petersson, K. M., Reis, A., Stone-Elander, S. and Ingvar, M. (1998). The illiterate brain. Learning to read and write during childhood influences the functional organization of the adult brain. Brain, 121, 1053-1063.
3. Cho, M. J., Park, I. M. and Shin, Y. M. (2000). A validation study for the Korean version of Psychogeriatric Assessment Scale. Journal of the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 39, 128-141.
4. Cobb, J. L., Wolf, P. A., Au, R., White, R. and D'Agostino, R. B. (1995). The effect of education on the incidence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study. Neurology, 45, 1707-1712.
5. Fratiglioni, L., De Ronchi, D. and Aguero-Torres, H. (1999). Worldwide prevalence and incidence of dementia. Drugs Aging, 15, 365-375.
6. Hart, S. (1988). Language and dementia: a review. Psychological Medicine, 18, 99-112.
7. Jorm, A. F. et al. (1995). The Psychogeriatric Assessment Scales: a multi-dimensional alternative to categorical diagnoses of dementia and depression in the elderly. Psychological Medicine, 25, 447-460.
8. Katzman, R. (1993). Education and the prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 43, 13-20.
9. Letenneur, L., Gilleron, V., Commenges, D., Helmer, C., Orgogozo, J. M. and Dartigues, J. F. (1999). Are sex and educational level independent predictors of dementia and Alzheimer's disease? Incidence data from the PAQUID project. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 66, 177-183.
10. Letenneur, L. et al. (2000). Education and the risk for Alzheimer's disease: sex makes a difference. EURODEM pooled analyses. EURODEM Incidence Research Group. American Journal of Epidemiology, 151, 1064-1071.
11. Manly, J. J., Touradji, P., Tang, M. X. and Stern, Y. (2003). Literacy and memory decline among ethnically diverse elders. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25, 680-690.
12. McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology, 34, 939-944.
13. Qiu, C., Backman, L., Winblad, B., Aguero-Torres, H. and Fratiglioni, L. (2001). The influence of education on clinically diagnosed dementia incidence and mortality data from the Kungsholmen Project. Archives of Neurology, 58, 2034-2039.
14. Roe, C. M., Xiong, C., Miller, J. P. and Morris, J. C. (2007). Education and Alzheimer disease without dementia: support for the cognitive reserve hypothesis. Neurology, 68, 223-228.
15. Snowdon, D. A., Greiner, L. H. and Markesbery, W. R. (2000). Linguistic ability in early life and the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease and cerebrovascular disease. Findings from the Nun Study. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 903, 34-38.
16. Suh, G. H., Kim, J. K. and Cho, M. J. (2003). Community study of dementia in the older Korean rural population. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 37, 606-612.
17. Terry, R. D. and Katzman, R. (2001). Life span and synapses: will there be a primary senile dementia? Neurobiology of Aging, 22, 347-348; discussion 353-354.
18. UNESCO. (2003). Literacy as Freedom. http://portal.unesco. org/education/en/.
19. Whalley, L. J., Starr, J. M., Athawes, R., Hunter, D., Pattie, A. and Deary, I. J. (2000). Childhood mental ability and dementia. Neurology, 55, 1455-1459.
20. Zhou, D. F. et al. (2006). Prevalence of dementia in rural China: impact of age, gender and education. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 114, 273-280.