Bacillus subtilis spores germinate in the chicken gastrointestinal tract

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 74, Issue 16, 2008, Pages 5254-5258

  Cartman, Stephen T ^a,b   La Ragione, Roberto M ^a   Woodward, Martin J ^a  

^a VETERINARY LABORATORIES AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACILLUS SUBTILIS SPORES; BACTERIAL SPORES; GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT; GASTROINTESTINAL (GI); GI TRACT; PROBIOTICS; VEGETATIVE CELLS;

BACTERIOLOGY;

PROBIOTIC AGENT;

BACTERIUM; DIGESTIVE SYSTEM; METABOLISM; POULTRY; PROBIOTICS; SPORE;

ARTICLE; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; CHICKEN; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; HOST; NONHUMAN; SPORE GERMINATION;

ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANIMAL FEED; ANIMALS; BACILLUS SUBTILIS; CHICKENS; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; PROBIOTICS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, BACTERIAL; SPORES, BACTERIAL; TIME FACTORS;

BACILLUS SUBTILIS; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 50049102446     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00580-08     Document Type: Article

References (26)

1. Anadon, A., M. R. Martinez-Larranaga, and M. Aranzazu Martinez. 2006. Probiotics for animal nutrition in the European Union. Regulation and safety assessment. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 45:91-95.
2. Balu, S., and P. Kaiser. 2003. Avian interleukin-12beta (p40): cloning and characterization of the cDNA and gene. J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 23:699-707.
3. Bunyan, J., L. Jeffries, J. R. Sayers, A. L. Gulliver, and K. Coleman. 1977. Antimicrobial substances and chick growth promotion: the growth promoting activities of antimicrobial substances, including fifty-two used either in therapy or as dietary feed additives. Br. Poult. Sci. 18:283-294.
4. Cartman, S. T., and R. M. La Ragione. 2004. Spore probiotics as animal feed supplements, p. 155-161. In E. Ricca, A. O. Henriques, and S. M. Cutting (ed.), Bacterial spore formers: probiotics and emerging applications. Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
5. Cartman, S. T., R. M. La Ragione, and M. J. Woodward. 2007. Bacterial spore formers as probiotics for poultry. Food Sci. Tech. Bull. 4:21-30.
6. Casula, G., and S. M. Cutting. 2002. Bacillus probiotics: spore germination in the gastrointestinal tract. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:2344-2352.
7. Coates, M. E., R. Fuller, G. F. Harrison, M. Lev, and S. F. Suffolk. 1963. A comparison of the growth of chicks in the Gustafsson germ-free apparatus and in a conventional environment, with and without dietary supplements of penicillin. Br. J. Nutr. 17:141-150.
8. Duc le, H., H. A. Hong, T. M. Barbosa, A. O. Henriques, and S. M. Cutting. 2004. Characterization of Bacillus probiotics available for human use. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:2161-2171.
9. Duc le, H., H. A. Hong, N. Q. Uyen, and S. M. Cutting. 2004. Intracellular fate and immunogenicity of B. subtilis spores. Vaccine 22:1873-1885.
10. FAO/WHO. 2002. Guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. Report of a joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) working group on drafting guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/ fs_management/en/probiotic_guidelines.pdf.
11. Forbes, M., and J. T. Park. 1959. Growth of germ-free and conventional chicks: effect of diet, dietary penicillin and bacterial environment. J. Nutr. 67:69-84.
12. Foster, S. J., and K. Johnstone. 1990. Pulling the trigger: the mechanism of bacterial spore germination. Mol. Microbiol. 4:137-141.
13. Hisanga, S. 1980. Studies on the germination of genus Bacillus spores in rabbit and canine intestines. J. Nagoya City Med. Assoc. 30:456-469.
14. Hoa, N. T., L. Baccigalupi, A. Huxham, A. Smertenko, P. H. Van, S. Ammendola, E. Ricca, and A. S. Cutting. 2000. Characterization of Bacillus species used for oral bacteriotherapy and bacterioprophylaxis of gastrointestinal disorders. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:5241-5247.
15. Hoa, T. T., L. H. Duc, R. Isticato, L. Baccigalupi, E. Ricca, P. H. Van, and S. M. Cutting. 2001. Fate and dissemination of Bacillus subtilis spores in a murine model. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:3819-3823.
16. Hong, H. A., H. Duc le, and S. M. Cutting. 2005. The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 29:813-835.
17. Leser, T. D., A. Knarreborg, and J. Worm. 2007. Germination and outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis spores in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs. J. Appl. Microbiol. 104:1025-1033.
18. McCartney, E. 2004. EU regulations on bacillary probiotics for animal feeds, p. 221-227. In E. Ricca, A. O. Henriques, and S. M. Cutting (ed.), Bacterial spore formers: probiotics and emerging applications. Horizon Bioscience, Norfolk, United Kingdom.
19. Moir, A., B. M. Corfe, and J. Behravan. 2002. Spore germination. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59:403-409.
20. Nakano, M. M., Y. P. Dailly, P. Zuber, and D. P. Clark. 1997. Characterization of anaerobic fermentative growth of Bacillus subtilis: identification of fermentation end products and genes required for growth. J. Bacteriol. 179:6749-6755.
21. Nakano, M. M., and P. Zuber. 1998. Anaerobic growth of a "strict aerobe" (Bacillus subtilis). Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 52:165-190.
22. Nicholson, W. L., and P. Setlow. 1990. Sporulation, germination and outgrowth, p. 391-450. In S. M. Cutting and C. R. Harwood (ed.), Molecular hiological methods for Bacillus. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, United Kingdom.
23. Setlow, P. 2003. Spore germination. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 6:550-556.
24. SSC for the European Commission, Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General. 1999. Opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee on antimicrobial resistance. http://ec.europa.eu/food/fs/sc/ssc/out50_en.pdf.
25. Tam, N. K., N. Q. Uyen, H. A. Hong, H. Duc le, T. T. Hoa, C. R. Serra, A. O. Henriques, and S. M. Cutting. 2006. The intestinal life cycle of Bacillus subtilis and close relatives. J. Bacteriol. 188:2692- 2700.
26. Youngman, P., J. B. Perkins, and R. Losick. 1984. Construction of a cloning site near one end of Tn917 into which foreign DNA may be inserted without affecting transposition in Bacillus subtilis or expression of the transposon-borne erm gene. Plasmid 12:1-9.