Archaeological corn from Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Dates, contexts, sources

American Antiquity

Volumn 73, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 491-511

  Cordell, Linda S ^a   Toll, H Wolcott ^b   Toll, Mollie S ^b   Windes, Thomas C ^c  

^a School of Advanced Research   (United States)

^b Museum New Mexico   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 50049086945     PISSN: 00027316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0002731600046837     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Adams, Karen R. 2004 Anthropogenic Ecology of the North American Southwest. In People and Plants in Ancient Western North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis, pp. 167-204. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.
2. Adams, Karen R., Deborah A. Muenchrath, and Dylan M. Schwindt 1999 Moisture Effects in the Morphology of Ears, Cobs, and Kernels of a South-western U.S. Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivar, and Implications for the Interpretation of Archaeological Maize. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:483-496.
3. Altschul, Jeffrey H. 1978 The Development of the Chacoan Interaction Sphere. Journal of Anthropological Research 34:109-146.
4. Ashmore, Wendy 2007 Building Social History at Pueblo Bonito: Footnotes to a Biography of Place. In The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 179-199. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
5. Benson, Larry, Linda Cordell, Kirk Vincent, Howard Taylor, John Stein, G. Lang Farmer, and Kiyoto Futa 2003 Ancient Maize from Chacoan Great Houses-Where Was It Grown? PNAS 100:13111-13115.
6. Benson, Larry, John Stein, Howard E. Taylor, Richard Friedman, and Thomas C. Windes 2006 The Agricultural Productivity of Chaco Canyon and the Source(s) of Pre-Hispanic Maize Found in Pueblo Bonito. In Histories of Maize, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize, edited by John E. Staller, Robert H. Tykot, and Bruce F. Benz, pp. 290-314. Elsevier, Academic Press, Amsterdam.
7. Benson, Larry, Howard E. Taylor, K. A. Peterson, Brad D. Shattuck, C. A. Ramotnik, and John R. Stein 2008 Development and Evaluation of Geochemical Methods for the Sourcing of Archaeological Maize. Journal of Archaeological Science 35:912-921.
8. Benz, Bruce F. 1994 Can Prehistoric Racial Diversification Be Deciphered from Burned Corn Cobs? In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 23-35. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
9. Bird, Robert M. 1994 Manual for the Measurement of Maize Cobs. In Com and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 5-22. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
10. Bohrer, Vorsila L. 1994 Maize in Middle American and Southwestern United States Agricultural Traditions. In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 469-512. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
11. Bronk Ramsey, Christopher 2000 OxCal Program v3.5. Electronic document, http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/oxcal.html, accessed June 2005.
12. Brugge, David M. 1980 A History of the Chaco Navajos. Reports of the Chaco Center No. 4. Division of Chaco Research, National Park Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
13. Cameron, Catherine M. 2001 Pink Chert, Projectile Points, and the Chacoan Regional System. American Antiquity 66:79-102.
14. Cameron, Catherine M., and H. Wolcott Toll 2001 Deciphering the Organization of Production in Chaco Canyon. American Antiquity 66:5-14.
15. Chaco Digital Initiative. 2005 http://www.chacoarchive.org/about.html. Electronic document, accessed September 1, 2005.
16. Cordell, Linda S. 1979 Prehistory: Eastern Anasazi. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 9, Southwest, edited by Alfonso A. Ortiz, pp. 131-151. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
17. Cordell, Linda S., Stephen R. Durand, Ronald C. Antweiler, and Howard E. Taylor 2001 Toward Linking Maize Chemistry to Archaeological Agricultural Sites in the North American Southwest. Journal of Archaeological Science 28:501-503.
18. Cordell, Linda S., and Fred Plog 1979 Escaping the Confines of Normative Thought: A Reevaluation of Puebloan Prehistory. American Antiquity 44:405-429.
19. Crown, Patricia L., and W. H. Wills 2003 Modifying Pottery and Kivas at Chaco: Pentimento, Restoration, or Renewal? American Antiquity 68:511-532.
20. Dean, Jeffrey S., and Richard L. Warren 1983 Dendrochronology. In The Architecture and Dendrochronology of Chetro Ketl, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by S. H. Lekson, pp. 105-24. Reports of the Chaco Center No. 6. Division of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
21. Denmead, O. T., and R. H. Shaw 1960 The Effects of Soil Moisture Stress at Different Stages of Growth on the Development and Yield of Corn. Agronomy Journal 52:272-274.
22. Doebley, John, and Vorsila L. Bohrer 1983 Maize Variability and Cultural Selection at Salmon Ruin, New Mexico. Kiva 49:19-37.
23. Durand, Stephen R., Phillip H. Shelley, Ronald C. Antweiler, and Howard E. Taylor 1999 Trees, Chemistry and Prehistory in the American Southwest. Journal of Archaeological Science 26:185-203.
24. English, Nathan B., Julio L. Betancourt, Jeffrey S. Dean, and Jay Quade 2001 Strontium Isotopes Reveal Distant Sources of Architectural Timber in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. PNAS 98:11891-11896.
25. Ezzo, Joseph, Clark Johnson, and T. Douglas Price 1997 Analytical Perspectives on Prehistoric Migration: A Case Study from East-Central Arizona. Journal of Archaeological Science 24:447-466.
26. Faure, Gunter, and John L. Powell 1972 Strontium Isotope Geology. Springer-Verlag, New York.
27. Force, Eric R., R. Gwinn Vivian, Thomas C. Windes, and Jeffrey S. Dean 2002 Relation of "Bonito " Paleo-channels and Base-level Variations to Anasazi Occupation, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Archaeological Series No. 194. Arizona State Museum, Tucson.
28. Ford, Richard I. 1994 Corn Is Our Mother. In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 513-544. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
29. Hatch, Sharon K. 1994 A Wood Source Study in the Chimney Rock Archaeological Area, Southwest Colorado. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff.
30. Hull, Sharon K. 2006 Using Hydrogen and Copper Stable Carbon Isotopes to Source Turquoise. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales.
31. Irwin-Williams, Cynthia, and Phillip H. Shelley (editors) 1980 Investigations at the Salmon Site: The Structure of Chacoan Society in the Northern Southwest, Vois. I-IV. Final report to funding agencies. Eastern New Mexico University Printing Services, Portales.
32. Jaenicke-Després, Viviane, Ed S. Buckler, Bruce D. Smith, Thomas P. Gilbert, Alan Cooper, John Doebley, and Svante Pääbo
33. 2003 Early Allelic Selection in Maize as Revealed by Ancient DNA. Science 302:1206-1208.
34. Jaenicke-Després, Viviane R., and Bruce D. Smith 2006 Ancient DNA and the Integration of Archaeological and Genetic Approaches to the Study of Maize Domestication. In Histories of Maize, Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Prehistory, Linguistics, Biogeography, Domestication, and Evolution of Maize, edited by John E. Staller, Robert H. Tykot, and Bruce F. Benz, pp. 83-95. Elsevier, Academic Press, Amsterdam.
35. Judd, Neil M. 1954 The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Vol. 124. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
36. 1964 The Architecture of Pueblo Bonito. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Vol. 147, No. 1. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
37. Judge, W. James 1979 The Development of a Complex Ecosystem in the Chaco Basin, New Mexico. In Proceedings of the First Conference on Scientific Research in the National Parks, Vol. II, edited by Robert M. Linn, pp. 901-906. National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings Series No. 5. Washington, D.C.
38. Kantner, John 2004 Ancient Puebloan Southwest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
39. 2006 Religious Behavior in the Post-Chaco Years. In Religion in the Prehispanic Southwest, edited by Christine S. VanPool, Todd L. VanPool, and David A. Phillips, Jr., pp. 31-52. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.
40. Kantner, John W, and Keith W. Kintigh 2006 The Chaco World. In The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, An Eleventh Century Regional Center, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 153-189. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
41. Kantner, John, and Nancy M. Mahoney (editors) 2000 Great House Communities Across the Chacoan Landscape. Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona No. 64. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
42. Kidder, Alfred V. 1962 [1924] Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology with a Preliminary Account of the Excavations at Pecos. Papers of the Southwest Expedition No. 1. 1962 facsimile edition. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
43. King, Frances B. 1994 Variability in Cob and Kernel Characteristics of North American Maize Cultivars. In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 35-54. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
44. Lekson, Stephen H. 1984 Great Pueblo Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Publications in Archaeology 18B, Chaco Canyon Studies. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI), Santa Fe, New Mexico.
45. 1999 The Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek, California.
46. 2007 Great House Form. In The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 7-44. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
47. Lekson, Stephen H. (editor) 2006 The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, An Eleventh Century Regional Center. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
48. 2007 The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
49. Levine, Frances 1989 Homestead in Ruins: Richard Wetherill's Homestead in Chaco Canyon. In From Chaco to Chaco: Papers in Honor of Alden C. Hayes, edited by Nancy Fox, pp. 43-59. Papers of the Archaeological Society of New Mexico No. 11. Albuquerque.
50. Lyons, Thomas R., and Robert K. Hitchcock 1977 Remote Sensing Interpretations of an Anasazi Land Route System. In Aerial Remote Sensing Techniques in Archaeology, edited by Thomas R. Lyons and Robert K. Hitchcock, pp. 111-134. Reports of the Chaco Center No. 2. National Park Service and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
51. Mathien, Frances Joan 2005 Culture and Ecology of Chaco Canyon and the San Juan Basin. Publications in Archeology 18H, Chaco Canyon Studies. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior (USDI), Santa Fe, New Mexico.
52. Mozfar, A. 1990 Kernel Abortion and Distribution of Mineral Elements Along the Maize Ear. Agronomy Journal 82:511-514.
53. Muenchrath, Deborah A. 1995 Productivity, Morphology, Phenology, and Physiology of a Desert-Adapted Native American Maize (Zea mays L) Cultivar. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames.
54. Neitzel, Jill E. 2003 Three Questions about Pueblo Bonito. In Pueblo Bonito, Center of the Chacoan World, edited by Jill E. Neitzel, pp. 1-13. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.
55. 2007 Architectural Studies of Pueblo Bonito: The Past, The Present, The Future. In The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 127-154. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
56. Neitzel, Jill E. (editor) 2003 Pueblo Bonito, Center of the Chacoan World. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.
57. Ortiz, Alfonso A. 1969 The Tewa World: Space, Time, Being and Becoming in Pueblo Society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
58. 1994 Some Cultural Meanings of Corn in Aboriginal North America. In Corn and Culture in the Prehistoric New World, edited by Sissel Johannessen and Christine A. Hastorf, pp. 527-544. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.
59. Pepper, George H. 1996 Pueblo Bonito. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History Vol. XXVII. Originally published 1920. New York.
60. Price, T. Douglas, James H. Burton, and James B. Stoltman 2007 Place of Origin of Prehistoric Inhabitants of Aztalan, Jefferson Co., Wisconsin. American Antiquity 72:524-538.
61. 86Sr Record of Lowland Himalayan Rivers. Science 276:1828-1831.
62. Reed, Paul F. (editor) 2006 Thirty-Five Years of Archaeological Research at Salmon Ruins, New Mexico, Vols. 1-3. Center for Desert Archaeology, Tucson.
63. 2008 Chaco 's Northern Prodigies: Salmon, Aztec, and the Ascendancy of the Middle San Juan Region After AD1110. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, in press.
64. 86Sr Sourcing of Ponderosa Pine Used in Anasazi Great House Construction at Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science 32:1061-1075.
65. Sebastian, Lynne 2006 The Chaco Synthesis. In The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, An Eleventh Century Regional Center, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 393-422. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
66. Stein, John R., Dabney Ford, and Richard Friedman 2003 Reconstructing Pueblo Bonito. In Pueblo Bonito, Center of the Chacoan World, edited by Jill E. Neitzel, pp. 33-61. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D.C.
67. Stein, John R., Judith E. Suiter, and Dabney Ford 1997 High Noon in Old Bonito: Sun, Shadow and the Geometry of the Chaco Complex. In Anasazi Architecture and American Design, edited by Baker H. Morrow and V. B. Price, pp. 133-148. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
68. Stuart, David E., and Rory P. Gauthier 1981 Prehistoric New Mexico Background for Survey. Department of Finance and Administration, Historic Preservation Bureau. Santa Fe, New Mexico.
69. Stuiver, Minze, Paula J. Reimer, Edouard Bard, John W. Beck, George S. Burr, Konrad A. Hughen, Bernd Kromer, F. Gerry McCormak, Johannes van der Plicht, and Marco Spurk
70. 1998 INTERCALS98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration 24,000-0 cal P.B. Radiocarbon 40:1041-1083.
71. Toll, H. Wolcott 1991 Material Distribution and Exchange in the Chaco System. In Chaco and Hohokam, Prehistoric Regional Systems in the American Southwest, edited by Patricia L. Crown and W. James Judge, pp. 77-108. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
72. 2001 Making and Breaking Pots in the Chaco World. American Antiquity 66:56-78.
73. 2006 Organization of Production. In The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, An Eleventh Century Regional Center, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 117-152. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
74. Toll, H. Wolcott, Mollie S. Toll, Marcia L. Newren, and William B. Gillespie 1985 Experimental Corn Plots in Chaco Canyon: The Life and Hard Times of Zea mays L. In Environment and Subsistence of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by F. Joan Mathien, pp. 79-131. Publications in Archeology 18E, Chaco Canyon Studies. National Park Service, USDI, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
75. Toll, Mollie S. 1985 Overview of Chaco Canyon Macrobotanical Materials and Analyses to Date. In Environment and Subsistence of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by F. Joan Mathien, pp. 247-278. Publications in Archeology 18E, Chaco Canyon Studies. National Park Service, USDI, Albuquerque New Mexico.
76. 2008 Botanical Indicators of Early Life in Chaco Canyon: Flotation Samples and Other Plant Materials from Basketmaker and Early Pueblo Occupations. In Early Puebloan Occupations m the Chaco Region: Excavations and Survey of Basketmaker III-Pueblo I Sites, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Vol. 1. Reports of the Chaco Center No. 13. Archaeology Program, National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico, in press.
77. Van Dyke, Ruth M. 2004 Memory, Meaning, and Masonry: The Late Bonito Chacoan Landscape. American Antiquity 69:413-431.
78. 2007 Great Kivas in Time, Space, and Society. In The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 93-127. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
79. Vivian, R. Gwinn 1974 Conservation and Diversion. Water-Control Systems in the Anasazi Southwest. In Irrigation 's Impact on Society, edited by Theodore E. Downing and McGuire Gibson, pp. 95-112. Anthropological Papers Number 25. University of Arizona, Tucson.
80. 1990 The Chacoan Prehistory of the San Juan Basin. Academic Press, San Diego.
81. 1991 Chacoan Subsistence. In Chaco and Hohokam. Prehistoric Regional Systems in the American Southwest, edited by Patricia L. Crown and W. James Judge, pp. 57-75. School of American Research, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
82. 1997a Chacoan Roads: Morphology. Kiva 63:7-34.
83. 1997b Chacoan Roads: Function. Kiva 63:35-69.
84. nd ed., edited by David E. Doyel, pp. 45-57. Anthropological Papers No. 5, Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
85. Vivian, R. Gwinn, Carla R. Van West, Jeffrey S. Dean, Nancy J. Akins, Mollie S. Toll, and Thomas C. Windes 2006 Ecology and Economy. In The Archaeology of Chaco Canyon, An Eleventh Century Regional Center, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 45-67. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
86. Walker, William H. 1995 Ceremonial Trash? In Expanding Archaeology, edited by James E. Skibo, William H. Walker, and Axel E. Nielson, pp. 67-97. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
87. Wills, Wirt H. 2001 Ritual and Mound Formation during the Bonito Phase in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. American Antiquity 66:433-451.
88. Windes, Thomas C. 1992 The 1992 Test Excavations at Pueblo Bonito, October 1992. Manuscript on file, Branch of Cultural Research, National Park Service, Santa Fe, New Mexico.
89. 2003 This Old House, Construction and Abandonment at Pueblo Bonito. In Pueblo Bonito, Center of the Chacoan World, edited by Jill E. Neitzel, pp. 14-32. Smithsonian Books, Washington D.C.
90. 2007a It's Chaco and Architecture. In The Great Houses of Chaco, by John M. Campbell, pp. 1-14. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
91. 2007b Gearing Up and Piling On: Early Great Houses in the Interior San Juan Basin. In The Architecture of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, edited by Stephen H. Lekson, pp. 45-92. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.
92. Windes, Thomas C., and Dabney Ford 1992 The Nature of the Early Bonito Phase. In Anasazi Regional Organization and the Chaco System, edited by David E. Doyel, pp. 75-85. Anthropological Papers No. 5. Maxwell Museum of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
93. 1996 The Chaco Wood Project: The Chronometrie Reappraisal of Pueblo Bonito. American Antiquity 61:295-331.
94. Windes, Thomas C., and Peter J. McKenna 2001 Going Against the Grain: Wood Production in Chacoan Society. American Antiquity 66:119-14.
95. Yoffee, Norman 2001 Chaco "Rituality" Revisited. In Chaco Society and Polity: Papers from the 1999 Conference, edited by Linda S. Cordell, William J. Judge, and M. J. Piper, pp. 63-78. New Mexico Archeological Council Special Publication No. 4. Albuquerque.
96. 2005 Myths of the Archaic State: Evolution of the Earliest Cities, States, and Civilizations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.