Low Flows, Instream Flow Needs and Fish Ecology in Small Streams

Canadian Water Resources Journal

Volumn 33, Issue 2, 2008, Pages 165-180

  Bradford, Michael J ^a   Heinonen, John S ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b FISHERIES AND OCEANS CANADA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DECISION MAKING; ECOLOGY; ECOSYSTEMS; FISH; FISHERIES; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY;

FISH POPULATIONS; FLOW REDUCTION; FOOD PRODUCTION; HABITAT AVAILABILITY; HABITAT CHANGE; INSTREAM FLOW NEEDS; INSTREAM FLOWS; RISK BASED APPROACHES;

RIVERS;

EID: 49949083487     PISSN: 07011784     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4296/cwrj3302165     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. Alfredsen, K., and Tesaker, E., 2002. “Winter Habitat Assessment Strategies and Incorporation of Winter Habitat in the Norwegian Habitat Assessment Tools.”. Hydrological Processes, 16:927–936.
2. Allen, M. A., 2000. “Seasonal Microhabitat Use by Juvenile Spring Chinook Salmon in the Yakima River Basin, Washington.”. Rivers, 7:314–332.
3. Anderson, K. E., Paul, A. J., McCauley, E., Jackson, L. J., Post, J. R., and Nisbet, R. M., 2006. “Instream Flow Needs in Streams and Rivers:The Importance of Understanding Ecological Dynamics.”. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4:309–318.
4. Baran, P., Delacoste, M., Dauba, F., Lascaux, J. M., Belaud, M., and Lek, S., 1995. “Effects of Reduced Flow on Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations Downstream Dams in the French Pyranees.”. Regulated Rivers, Research and Management, 3:321–336.
5. Biro, P. A., Morton, A. E., Post, J. R., and Parkinson, E. A., 2004. “Overwinter Depletion and Mortality of Age-0 Rainbow Trout (. Oncorhynchus mykiss).” Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 61:1513–1519.
6. Bradford, M. J., Korman, J., and Higgins, P. S., 2005. “Using Confidence Intervals to Estimate the Response of Salmon Populations (Oncorhynchus spp.) to Experimental Habitat Alterations.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 62:2716–2726.
7. Brown, R. S., 1999. “Fall and Winter Movements of Cutthroat Trout, Oncorhynchus clarki, in Relation to Water Temperature and Ice Conditions in Dutch Creek, Alberta.”. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 55:359–368.
8. Burn, D. H., Buttle, J. M., Caissie, D., MacCulloch, G., Spence, C., and Stahl, K., 2008. “The Processes, Patterns and Impacts of Low Flows Across Canada.”. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 33(2):107–124.
9. Bustard, D. R., and Narver, D., 1975. “Aspects of the Winter Ecology of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Steelhead Trout (. Salmo gairdneri).” Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 32:667–680.
10. Caissie, D., and El-Jabi, N., 1995. “Comparison and Regionalization of Hydrologically Based Instream Flow Techniques in Atlantic Canada.”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 22:235–246.
11. Caissie, D., El-Jabi, N., and Hébert, C., 2007. “Comparison of Hydrologically Based Instream Flow Methods Using a Resampling Technique.”. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 34:66–74.
12. Caruso, B. S., 2001. “Regional River Flow, Water Quality, Aquatic Ecological Impacts and Recovery from Drought.”. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 46:677–699.
13. Castleberry, D. T., Cech, J. J., Erman, D. C., Hankin, D., Healey, M., Kondolf, G. M., Mangel, M., Mohr, M., Moyle, P. B., Nielsen, J., Speed, T. P., and Williams, J. G., 1996. “Uncertainty and Instream Flow Standards.”. Fisheries, 21(8):20–21.
14. Chadwick, E. M.P., 1982. “Stock-Recruitment Relationship for Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Newfoundland Rivers.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 39:1496–1501.
15. Clausen, B., Jowett, I. G., Biggs, B. J.F., and Moesland, B., 2004. “Stream Ecology and Flow Management.”. In Hydrological Drought. Developments in Water Science Edited by:Tallaksen, L. M., and van Lane, H. A.J., Vol. 48, Amsterdam:Elsevier.:411–452
16. Cunjak, R. A., 1995. “Addressing Forestry Impacts in the Catamaran Brook Basin:An Overview of the Pre-Logging Phase.”. In Water, Science, and the Public:The Miramachi Ecosystem. Canandian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 123 Edited by:Chadwick, E. M.P., 191–210.
17. Cunjak, R. A., 1996. “Winter Habitat of Selected Stream Fishes and Potential Impacts from Land-Use Activity.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 53(Suppl. 1):267–282.
18. Cunjak, R. A., Prowse, T. D., and Parrish, D. L., 1998. “Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) in Winter:‘The Season of Parr Discontent.’”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 55(Suppl. 1):161–180.
19. Dare, M. R., Hubert, W. A., and Gerow, K. G., 2002. “Changes in Habitat Availability and Habitat Use and Movements by Two Trout Species in Response to Declining Discharge in a Regulated River During Winter.”. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 22:917–928.
20. Deegan, L. A., Golden, H. E., Harvey, C. J., and Peterson, B. J., 1999. “Influence of Environmental Variability on the Growth of Age-0 and Adult Arctic Grayling.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 128:1163–1175.
21. Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). 1986. Policy for the Management of Fish Habitat. Fish Habitat Management Branch Ottawa, ON:Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
22. Dewson, Z. S., James, A. B.W., and Death, R. G., 2007. “Invertebrate Responses to Short-Term Water Abstraction in Small New Zealand Streams.”. Freshwater Biology, 52:357–369.
23. Dill, L. M., 1969. “The Sub-Gravel Behaviour of Pacific Salmon Larvae.”. In Symposium on Salmon and Trout in Streams. H.R. Macmillan Lectures in Fisheries, 89–99 Edited by:Northcote, T. G., Vancouver, BC:University of British Columbia.
24. Feller, M. C., and Kimmins, J. P., 1979. “Chemical Characteristics of Small Streams Near Haney in Southwestern British Columbia.”. Water Resources Research, 15:247–258.
25. Freeman, M. C., and Marcinek, P. A., 2006. “Fish Assemblage Responses in Water Withdrawals and Water Supply Reservoirs in Piedmont Streams.”. Environmental Management, 38:435–450.
26. Frenette, M., Caron, M., Julien, P., and Gibson, R. J., 1984. “Interaction entre le débit et les populations de tacons (Salmo salar) de la rivière Matamec, Québec.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 41:954–963.
27. Ghanem, A. H., Steffler, P. M., Hicks, F. E., and Katopodis, C., 1996. “Two-Dimensional Finite Element Flow Modelling of Physical Fish Habitat.”. Regulated Rivers:Research and Management, 12:185–200.
28. Gibson, R. J., and Myers, R. A., 1988. “Influence of Seasonal River Discharge on Survival of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 45:344–348.
29. Giles, J., 2002. “When Doubt is a Sure Thing.”. Nature, 418:476–478.
30. Gippel, C., and Stewardson, M., 1998. “Use of Wetted Perimeter in Defining Minimum Environmental Flows.”. Regulated Rivers:Research and Management, 14:53–67.
31. Hakala, J. P., and Hartman, K. J., 2004. “Drought Effect on Stream Morphology and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Populations in Forested Headwater Streams.”. Hydrobiologica, 515:203–213.
32. Harvey, B. C., Nakamoto, R. J., and White, R. J., 2006. “Reduced Streamflow Lowers Dry-Season Growth of Rainbow Trout in a Small Stream.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 135:998–1005.
33. Havey, K. A., 1974. “Effects of Regulated Flows on Standing Crops of Juvenile Salmon and Other Fishes at Barrows Stream, Maine.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 103:1–9.
34. Havey, K. A., and Davis, R. M., 1970. “Factors Influencing Standing Crops and Survival of Juvenile Salmon at Barrows Stream, Maine.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 99:297–311.
35. Haxton, T. J., and Findlay, C. S., 2008. “Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Water Management on Aquatic Communities.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 65:437–447.
36. Healey, M. C., 1998. “Paradigms, Policies and Prognostications About the Management of Watershed Ecosystems.”. In River Ecology and Management:Lessons from the Pacific Northwest Edited by:Naiman, R. J., and Bilby, R. E., 662–682. New York:Springer-Verlag.
37. Holm, C. F., Armstrong, J. D., and Gilvear, D. J., 2001. “Investigating a Major Assumption of Predictive Instream Habitat Models:Is Water Velocity Preference of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Independent of Discharge?”. Journal of Fish Biology, 59:1633–1666.
38. Hubert, W. A., Pru, C. A., Wesche, T. A., and Bray, T. J., 1997. Evaluation of Flow Duration Analysis to Establish Winter Instream Flow Standards for Wyoming Trout Streams. Contract Report WWRC-97–03 for Wyoming Water Resource Center, Laramie, Wyoming
39. Hughes, N. F., and Dill, L. M., 1990. “Position Choice by Drift Feeding Salmonids:Model and Test for Arctic Grayling (Thymallus acticus) in Subarctic Mountain Streams, Interior Alaska.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 47:2039–2048.
40. Huryn, A. D., 1996. “An Appraisal of the Allen Paradox in a New Zealand Trout Stream.”. Limnology and Oceanography, 41:243–252.
41. Hvidsten, N. A., 1993. “High Winter Discharge After Regulation Increases Production of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Smolts in the River Orkla, Norway.”. In Production of Juvenile Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, in Natural Waters. Can. Spec. Publ. Aquat. Sci., 118 Edited by:Gibson, R. J., and Cutting, R. E., 175–177.
42. Instream Flow Council (IFC). 2002. Instream Flows for Riverine Resource Stewardship. Instream Flow Council, Cheyenne, WY
43. Jowett, I. G., 1997. “Instream Flow Methods:A Comparison of Approaches.”. Regulated Rivers:Research and Management, 13:115–127.
44. Jowett, I. G., and Biggs, B. J.F., 2006. “Flow Regime Assessments and the Biological Effectiveness of Habitat-Based Minimum Flow Assessments for Six Rivers.”. International Journal of River Basin Management, 4:179–189.
45. Jowett, I. G., Richardson, J., and Bonnett, M. L., 2005. “Relationship Between Flow Regime and Fish Abundances in a Gravel-Bed River, New Zealand.”. Journal of Fish Biology, 66:1419–1436.
46. Komadina-Douthwright, S. H., Caissie, D., and Cunjak, R. A., 1997. “Movement of Radio-Tagged Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Kelts in Relation to Frazil Ice in Pools in the Miramichi River.”. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2161
47. Kraft, M. E., 1972. “Effects of Controlled Flow Reduction on a Trout Stream.”. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29:1405–1411.
48. Lamouroux, N., Olivier, J.-M., Capra, H., Zylberblat, M., Chandesris, A., and Roger, P., 2006. “Fish Community Changes After Minimum Flow Increase:Testing Quantitative Predictions in the Rhˆne River at Pierre- Bénite, France.”. Freshwater Biology, 51:1730–1743.
49. Larkin, P. A., 1984. “A Commentary on Environmental Impact Projects Affecting Lakes and Streams.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 41:1121–1127.
50. Malcolm, I. A., Soulsby, C. A., Youngson, A. F., Hannah, D. M., McLaren, I. S., and Thorne, A., 2004. “Hydrological Influences on Hyporheic Water Quality:Implications for Salmon Egg Survival.”. Hydrological Processes, 18:1543–1560.
51. Marchetti, M. P., and Moyle, P. B., 2001. “Effects of Flow Regime on Fish Assemblages in a Regulated California Stream.”. Ecological Applications, 11:530–539.
52. Martin, M. D., Brown, R. S., Barton, D. R., and Power, G., 2001. “Abundance of Invertebrates in Winter:Seasonal Changes and Effects of River Ice.”. Canadian Field- Naturalist, 115:68–74.
53. Mitro, M. G., Zale, A. V., and Rich, B. A., 2003. “The Relation Between Age-0 Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Abundance and Winter Discharge in a Regulated River.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 60:135–139.
54. Nehring, R. B., 1979. Evaluation of Instream Flow Methods and Determination of Water Quantity Needs for Streams in the State of Colorado. Contract report to the US Fish and Wildlife Service No. 14–16-0006–78-909, Fort Collins, CO
55. Nislow, K. H., Sepulveda, A. J., and Folt, C. L., 2004. “Mechanistic Linkage of Hydrologic Regime to Summer Growth of Age-0 Atlantic Salmon.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 133:79–88.
56. Nuhfer, A. J., and Baker, E. A., 2004. A Long-Term Field Test of Habitat Change Predicted by PHABSIM in Relation to Brook Trout Population Dynamics During Controlled Flow Reduction Experiments. Michigan Department of Natural Resources Fisheries Research Report 2068
57. O'Shea, D. T., 1995. “Estimating Minimum Instream Flow Requirements for Minnesota Streams from Hydrologic Data and Watershed Characteristics.”. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 15:569–578.
58. Pappenberger, G., and Beven, K. J., 2006. “Ignorance is Bliss:Or Seven Reasons Not to Use Uncertainty Analysis.”. Water Resources Research, 42:W05302 doi:10.1029/2005WR004820
59. Park, C. C., 1977. “World-Wide Variations in Hydraulic Geometry Exponents of Stream Channel:An Analysis and Some Observations.”. Journal of Hydrology, 33:133–146.
60. Poff, N. L., Allan, J. D., Bain, M. B., Karr, J. R., Prestegaard, K. L., Richter, B. D., Sparks, R. E., and Stromberg, J. C., 1997. “The Natural Flow Regime—A Paradigm for River Conservation and Restoration.”. Bioscience, 47:769–784.
61. Prowse, T. D., 2001. “River-Ice Ecology. II:Biological Aspects.”. Journal of Cold Regions Engineering, 15:17–33.
62. Reeves, G. H., Everest, F. H., and Hall, J. D., 1987. “Interactions Between the Redside Shiner (Richardonius balteatus) and the Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Western Oregon:The Influence of Water Temperature.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 44:1603–1613.
63. Reid, D. E., 2005. “Low-Flow Hydraulic Geometry of Small Steep Streams in Southwestern British Columbia.”. In Unpubl. Master's Thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC
64. Reiser, D. W., and Wesche, T. A., 1979. “In Situ Freezing as a Cause of Mortality in Brown Trout Eggs.”. Progressive Fish-Culturalist, 41:58–60.
65. Rimmer, D. M., 1985. “Effects of Reduced Discharge on Production and Distribution of Age-0 Rainbow Trout in Seminatural Channels.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 114:388–396.
66. Rosenfeld, J. S., 2003. “Assessing the Habitat Requirements of Stream Fishes:An Overview and Evaluation of Different Approaches.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 132:953–968.
67. Rosenfeld, J. S., Post, J., Robins, G., and Hatfield, T., 2007. “Hydraulic Geometry as a Physical Template for the River Continuum:Application to Optimal Flows and Longitudinal Trends in Salmonid Habitat.”. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 64:755–767.
68. Roussel, J-M., Cunjak, R. A., Newbury, R., Caissie, D., and Haro, A., 2004. “Movements and Habitat Use by PIT-Tagged Atlantic Salmon parr in Early Winter:The Influence of Anchor Ice.”. Freshwater Biology, 49:1026–1035.
69. Sabaton, C., Souchon, Y., Lascaux, J. M., Vandewalle, F., Baran, P., Baril, D., Capra, H., Gouraud, V., Lauters, F., Lim, P., Merle, G., and Paty, G., 2004. “The “Guaranteed Flow Working Group”:A French Evaluation of Microhabitat Component of IFIM Based on Habitat and Brown Trout Population Monitoring.”. Hydroecological Applications, 14:245–270.
70. Scott, D., and Shirvell, C. S., 1987. “A Critique of the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology and Observations on Flow Determination in New Zealand.”. In Regulated Streams:Advances in Ecology. Plenum Press Edited by:Craig, J. F., and Kemper, J. B., 27–43.
71. Selifonov, M. M., 1987. “Influence of Environment on the Abundance of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from the Ozernaya and Kamchatka Rivers.”. In Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Population Biology and Future Management. Canadian Special Publications in Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 96 Edited by:Smith, H. D., Margolis, L., and Wood, C. C., 125–128.
72. Simkins, D. G., Hubert, W. A., and Wesche, T. A., 2000. “Effects of Fall-to-Winter Changes in Habitat and Frazil Ice on the Movements and Habitat Use of Juvenile Rainbow Trout in a Wyoming Tailwater.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 129:101–118.
73. Smakhtin, V. U., 2001. “Low Flow Hydrology:A Review.”. Journal of Hydrology, 240:147–186.
74. Soloman, D. J., and Paterson, D., 1980. “Influence of Natural and Regulated Streamflow on Survival of Brown Trout (Salmon trutta L.) in a Chalkstream.”. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 5:379–382.
75. Sotiropoulos, J. C., Nislow, K. H., and Ross, M. R., 2006. “Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, Microhabitat Selection and Diet Under Low Summer Stream Flows.”. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 13:149–155.
76. Suren, A. M., and Jowett, I. G., 2006. “Effects of Floods versus Low Flows on Invertebrates in a New Zealand Gravel Bed River.”. Freshwater Biology, 51:2207–2227.
77. Sutherland, W. J., Pullin, A. S., Dolman, P. M., and Knight, T. M., 2004. “The Need for Evidence-Based Conservation.”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19:305–308.
78. Tennant, D. L., 1976. “Instream Flow Regimens for Fish, Wildlife, Recreation and Related Environmental Values.”. Fisheries, 1(4):6–10.
79. Travnichek, V. H., Bain, M. B., and Maceina, M. J., 1995. “Recovery of a Warmwater Fish Assemblage After the Initiation of a Minimum Flow Release Downstream from a Hydroelectric Dam.”. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 124:836–844.
80. Water Survey of Canada (WSC). 2007. The Canadian Hydrometric Network. URL http://www.wsc.ec.gc.ca/hydrometric/results_e.cfm.
81. White, R. J., Hansen, E. A., and Alexander, G. R., 1976. “Relationship of Trout Abundance to Stream Flow in Midwestern Streams.”. In Instream Flow Needs Edited by:Osborn, J. F., and Allman, C. H., Vol. 2, 597–615. Besthesda, MD:American Fisheries -Society.
82. Whitfield, P. H., and McNaughton, B., 1986. “Dissolved Oxygen Depression Under Ice Cover in Two Yukon Rivers.”. Water Resources Research, 22:1675–1679.
83. Whitfield, P. H., Reynolds, C. J., and Cannon, A. J., 2002. “Modelling Streamflow in Present and Future Climates—Examples from the Georgia Basin, British Columbia.”. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 27:426–456.
84. Wickett, W. P., 1954. “The Oxygen Supply to Salmon Eggs in Spawning Beds.”. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 11:933–953.
85. Wills, T. C., Baker, E. A., Nuhfer, A. J., and Zorn, T. G., 2006. “Response of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community in a Northern Michigan Stream to Reduced Summer Streamflows.”. River Research and Applications, 22:819–836.
86. Wolff, S. W., Wesche, T. A., Harris, D. D., and Hubert, W. A., 1990. “Brown Trout Population and Habitat Changes Associated with Increased Minimum Low Flows in Douglas Creek, Wyoming.”. US Fish and Wildlife Service Biological Report, 90(11)
87. Woo, M-K., 1986. “Permafrost Hydrology in North America.”. Atmosphere-Ocean, 24:201–234.
88. Wood, P. J., Agnew, M. D., and Petts, G. E., 2000. “Flow Variations and Macroinvertebrate Community Responses in Small Groundwater-Dominated Streams in South-East England.”. Hydrological Processes, 14:3133–3147.