Thin pseudotachylytes in faults of the Mt. Abbot quadrangle, Sierra Nevada: Physical constraints for small seismic slip events

Journal of Structural Geology

Volumn 30, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1086-1094

  Griffith, W Ashley ^a   Di Toro, Giulio ^b,c   Pennacchioni, Giorgio ^b   Pollard, David D ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

^c CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Faults and faulting; Pseudotachylyte; Rupture; Sierra Nevada batholith

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT CONDITIONS; AMBIENT TEMPERATURES; ENERGY BUDGETS; FAULT ROCKS; FAULTS AND FAULTING; FRICTIONAL MELTING; GRANODIORITE; HEAT-TRANSFER; MICRO-STRUCTURAL; MYLONITES; OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS; PSEUDOTACHYLYTE; PSEUDOTACHYLYTES; QUARTZ VEINS; RUPTURE; SEISMIC FAULTING; SHEAR LOCALIZATIONS; SIERRA NEVADA; SIERRA NEVADA , CALIFORNIA; SIERRA NEVADA BATHOLITH; STRIKE-SLIP FAULTING; SUB-MILLIMETER;

OXIDE MINERALS; QUARTZ; SILICATE MINERALS;

SEISMOLOGY;

BATHOLITH; CATACLASITE; FAULTING; FRICTION; GRANODIORITE; HEAT TRANSFER; JOINT; MELTING; MICROSTRUCTURE; OUTCROP; PSEUDOTACHYLITE; RUPTURE; SLIP RATE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT;

CALIFORNIA; MOUNT ABBOT; NORTH AMERICA; SIERRA NEVADA [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 49749126716     PISSN: 01918141     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsg.2008.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Ague J.J., and Brimhall G.H. Magmatic arc aysymmetry and distribution of anomalous plutonic belts in the batholiths of California: effects of assimilation, crustal thickness, and depth of crystallization. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100 (1988) 912-927
2. d'Alessio M.A., and Martel S. Fault terminations and barriers to fault growth. Journal of Structural Geology 26 (2004) 1885-1896
3. Bergbauer S., and Martel S.J. Formation of joints in cooling plutons. Journal of Structural Geology 21 (1999) 821-835
4. Bürgmann R., and Pollard D.D. Strain accommodation about stick-slip fault discontinuities in granitic rock under brittle-to-ductile conditions. Journal of Structural Geology 16 (1994) 1655-1674
5. Byerlee J. Friction of rocks. Pageoph 116 (1978) 615-626
6. Cardwell R.K., Chinn D.S., Moore G.F., and Turcotte D.L. Frictional heating on a fault zone with finite thickness. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 52 (1978) 525-530
7. Christiansen P.P., and Pollard D.D. Nucleation, growth and structural development of mylonitic shear zones in granitic rock. Journal of Structural Geology 19 (1997) 1159-1172
8. Cladouhos T.T., and Marrett R. Are fault growth and linkage models consistent with power-law distributions of fault lengths?. Journal of Structural Geology 18 (1996) 281-293
9. Clark S.P. Thermal conductivity. In: Clark S.P. (Ed). Handbook of Physical Constants. Geological Society of America, Memoir vol. 97 (1966) 459-482
10. Cowan D. Do faults preserve a record of seismic slip?-a field geologist's opinion. Journal of Structural Geology 21 (1999) 2703-2719
11. Deer W.A., Howie R.A., and Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals (1992), Longman Hollow
12. Di Toro G., Hirose T., Nielsen S., Pennacchioni G., and Shimamoto T. Natural and experimental evidence of melt lubrication of faults during earthquakes. Science 311 (2006) 647-649
13. Di Toro G., and Pennacchioni G. Superheated friction-induced melts in zoned pseudotachylytes within the Adamello tonalites (Italian Southern Alps). Journal of Structural Geology 26 (2004) 1783-1801
14. Di Toro G., Pennacchioni G., and Teza G. Can pseudotachylytes be used to infer earthquake source parameters? An example of limitations in the study of exhumed faults. Tectonophysics 402 (2005) 3-20
15. Evans J.P. Thickness-displacement relationships for fault zones. Journal of Structural Geology 12 (1990) 1061-1065
16. Evans J.P., Shipton Z.K., Pachell M.A., Lim S.J., and Robeson K. The structure and composition of exhumed faults, and their implications for seismic processes. In: Bokelmann G., and Kovach R.L. (Eds). Third Conference on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System vol. 21 (2000), Stanford University Publications 67-81
17. Guilbert J.M., and Park C.F. The Geology of Ore Deposits (1986), Freeman and Company, New York
18. Kanamori H., and Heaton T. Microscopic and macroscopic physics of earthquakes. In: Rundle J., Turcotte D., and Klein W. (Eds). Geocomplexity and the Physics of Earthquakes. Geophysical Monograph vol. 20 (2000), American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C. 127-141
19. Kirkpatrick J.D., and Shipton Z.K. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of exhumed seismogenic faults; implications for seismic slip. European Geophysical Union Geophysical Abstracts 10 (2008) EGU2008-A-09126
20. Lachenbruch A.H. Frictional heating, fluid pressure, and the resistance to fault motion. Journal of Geophysical Research 85 (1980) 6097-6112
21. Lin A. Glassy pseudotachylytes from the Funyun Fault Zone, Northwest China. Journal of Structural Geology 16 (1994) 71-83
22. Lockwood J. Mount Abbot Quadrangle, Central Sierra Nevada, California - Analytic Data. Geological Survey Professional Paper 774-C (1975)
23. Lockwood J.P., and Lydon P.A. U.S. Geologic map of the Mount Abbot Quadrangle, California. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle GQ-1155 (1975) scale 1:62,500
24. Maddock R. Effects of lithology, cataclasis and melting on the composition of fault-generated pseudotachylytes in Lewisian gneiss, Scotland. Tectonophysics 204 (1992) 261-278
25. Martel S.J. Formation of compound strike-slip fault zones, Mount Abbot quadrangle, California. Journal of Structural Geology 12 (1990) 869-882
26. Martel S.J., and Pollard D.D. Mechanics of slip and fracture along small faults and simple strike-slip fault zones in granitic rock. Journal of Geophysical Research 94 (1989) 9417-9428
27. Martel S.J., Pollard D.D., and Segall P. Development of simple strike-slip fault zones, Mount Abbot Quadrangle, Sierra Nevada, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 100 (1988) 1451-1465
28. Pachell M.A., and Evans J.P. Growth, linkage, and termination processes of a 10-km-long, strike-slip fault in jointed granite: the Gemini fault zone, Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Structural Geology 24 (2002) 1903-1924
29. Pennacchioni G. Control of the geometry of precursor brittle structures on the type of ductile shear zone in the Adamello tonalites, Southern Alps (Italy). Journal of Structural Geology 27 (2005) 627-644
30. Pennacchioni G., Di Toro G., Brack P., Menegon L., and Villa I.M. Brittle-ductile-brittle deformation during cooling of tonalite (Adamello, Southern Italian Alps). Tectonophysics 427 (2006) 171-197
31. Philpotts A.R. Principals of Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology (1990), Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
32. Rice J.R. Heating and weakening of faults during earthquake slip. Journal of Geophysical Research 111 (2006) 10.1029/2005JB004006
33. Scholz C.H. Wear and gouge formation in brittle faulting. Geology 15 (1987) 493-495
34. Scholz C.H. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting (2002), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
35. Scholz C.H., Dawers N.H., Yu J.Z., and Anders M.H. Fault growth and fault scaling laws: preliminary results. Journal of Geophysical Research 98 (1993) 21951-21961
36. Segall P., McKee E.H., Martel S.J., and Turrin B.D. Late Cretaceous age of fractures in the Sierra Nevada batholith, California. Geology 18 (1990) 1248-1251
37. Segall P., and Pollard D.D. Nucleation and growth of strike slip faults in granite. Journal of Geophysical Research 88 (1983) 555-568
38. Segall P., and Pollard D.D. Joint formation in granitic rock of the Sierra Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 94 (1983) 563-575
39. Segall P., and Simpson C. Nucleation of ductile shear zones on dilatant fractures. Geology 14 (1986) 56-59
40. Shand S.J. The pseudotachylyte of the Parijs (Orange Free State) and its relation to "trap-shotten gneiss" and "flinty crush rock". Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 72 (1916) 198-221
41. Shipton Z.K., Evans J.P., Abercrombie R.E., and Brodsky E.E. The missing sinks: slip localization in faults, damage zones, and the seismic energy budget. In: Abercrombie R.E., McGarr A., Di Toro G., and Kanamori H. (Eds). Radiated Energy and the Physics of Earthquake Faulting. American Geophysical Union Monograph (2006) 217-222
42. Shipton Z.K., Soden A.K., Kirkpatrick J.P., Bright A.M., and Lunn R.J. How thick is a fault? Fault displacement-thickness scaling revisited. In: Abercrombie R.E., McGarr A., Di Toro G., and Kanamori H. (Eds). Radiated Energy and the Physics of Earthquake Faulting. American Geophysical Union Monograph (2006) 193-198
43. Sibson R.H. Generation of pseudotachylyte by ancient seismic faulting. Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 43 (1975) 775-794
44. Spray J.G. A physical basis for the frictional melting of some rock forming minerals. Tectonophysics 204 (1992) 205-221
45. Stipp M., Stünitz H., Heilbronner R., and Schmid S. The eastern Tonale fault zone: a 'natural laboratory' for crystal plastic deformation of quartz over a temperature range from 250 to 700 °C. Journal of Structural Geology 24 (2002) 1861-1884
46. Swanson M.T. Pseudotachylyte-bearing strike-slip duplex structures in the Fort Foster Brittle Zone, S. Maine. Journal of Structural Geology 10 (1988) 813-828
47. Swanson M.T. Fault structure, wear mechanisms and rupture processes in pseudotachylyte generaton. Tectonophysics 204 (1992) 223-242
48. Sibson R.H., and Toy V.G. The habitat of fault-generated pseudotachylyte: presence vs. absence of friction-melt. In: Abercrombie R.E., McGarr A., Di Toro G., and Kanamori H. (Eds). Radiated Energy and the Physics of Earthquake Faulting. American Geophysical Union Monograph (2006)
49. Zechmeister M.S., Ferre E.C., Cosca M.A., and Geissman J.W. Slow and fast deformation in the Dora Maira Massif, Italian Alps: pseudotachylytes and inferences on exhumation history. Tectonophysics 29 (2007) 1114-1130