Experimental influence of population density and vegetation biomass on the movements and activity budget of a large herbivore

Behaviour

Volumn 145, Issue 9, 2008, Pages 1167-1194

  Coulombe, Marie Lou ^a   Côté, Steeve D ^a   Huot, Jean ^a  

^a CENTRE D ÉTUDES NORDIQUES   (Canada)

Author keywords

Activity budget; Controlled density experiment; Density; Movements; Odocoileus virginianus; Radiotelemetry; White tailed deer

Indexed keywords

CERVIDAE; ODOCOILEUS VIRGINIANUS;

EID: 49749109955     PISSN: 00057959     EISSN: 1568539X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1163/156853908785387610     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Bartmann, R.M., White, G.C. & Carpenter, L.H. (1992). Compensatory mortality in a Colorado mule deer population. - Wildlife Monogr. 121: 1-39.
2. Beier, P. & McCullough, D.R. (1990). Factors influencing white-tailed deer activity patterns and habitat use.-Wildlife Monogr. 109: 1-51.
3. Belovsky, G.E. (1984). Herbivore optimal foraging: a comparative test of three models. - Am. Nat. 124: 97-115.
4. Bonham, CD. (1989). Measurements for terrestrial vegetation. - Wiley, New York, NY
5. Borkowski, J. (2000). Influence of the density of a sika deer population on activity, habitat use, and group size. - Can. J. Zool. 78: 1369-1374.
6. Bryant, J.P. & Kuropat, P.J. (1980). Selection of winter forage by subarctic browsing vertebrates: the role of plant chemistry. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 11: 261-285.
7. Bunnell, F.L. & Gillingham, M.P. (1985). Foraging behavior: dynamics of dining out. - In: Bioenergetics of wild herbivores (Hudson, R.J. & White, R.G., eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, p. 53-79.
8. Bunnell, F.L. & Harestad, A.S. (1990). Activity budgets and body weight in mammals: how sloppy can mammals be? - Curr. Mammal. 2: 245-305.
9. Cederlund, G., Bergström, R. & Sandegren, F. (1989). Winter activity pattern of females in two moose populations. - Can. J. Zool. 67: 1516-1522.
10. Côté, S.D. (1998). In vitro digestibilities of summer forages utilized by the Rivière George Caribou herd. - Arctic 51: 48-54.
11. Côté, S.D., Schaefer, J.A. & Messier, F. (1997). Time budgets and synchrony of activities in muskoxen: the influence of sex, age and season. - Can. J. Zool. 75: 1628-1635.
12. Côté, S.D., Rooney, TR, Tremblay, J.-P, Dussault, C. & Waller, D.M. (2004). Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. - Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35: 113-147.
13. Coulombe, M.-L., Massé, A. & Côté, S.D. (2006). Quantification and accuracy of activity data measured with VHF and GPS telemetry. - Wildlife Soc. Bull. 34: 81-92.
14. deCalesta, D.S. & Stout, S.L. (1997). Relative deer density and sustainability: a conceptual framework for integrating deer management with ecosystem management. - Wildlife Soc. Bull. 25: 252-258.
15. Demment, M.W. & Van Soest, P.J. (1985). A nutritional explanation for body-size patterns of ruminant and nonruminant herbivores. - Am. Nat. 125: 641-672.
16. Environment Canada (2006). Climate normals and averages, daily data reports of Port-Menier's station from 1995 to 2005. - Available online at http://www.climate. weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca/advanceSearch/ searchHistoricDataStations_e.html (Retrieved June 8, 2006).
17. Gates, C.C. & Hudson, R.J. (1983). Foraging behaviour of wapiti in a boreal forest enclosure. - Can.-Field Nat. 110: 197-206.
18. Georgii, B. (1981). Activity patterns of female red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) in the Alps. - Oecologia 49: 127-136.
19. Gillingham, M.P. & Bunnell, F.L. (1985). Reliability of motion-sensitive radio collars for estimating activity of black-tailed deer. - J. Wildlife Managern.. 49: 951-958.
20. Gillingham, M.P., Parker, K.L. & Hanley, T.A. (1997). Forage intake by black-tailed deer in a natural environment: bout dynamics. - Can. J. Zool. 75: 1118-1128.
21. Hanley, T.A. (1984). Habitat patches and their selection by wapiti and black-tailed deer in a coastal montane coniferous forest. - J. Appl. Ecol. 21: 423-436.
22. Healy, W.M. (1997). Influence of deer on the structure and composition of oak Forests in central Massachusetts. - In: The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management (McShea, W.J., Underwood, H.B. & Rappole, J.H., eds). Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, p. 249-266.
23. Henriksen, S., Aanes, R., Sasther, B.-E., Ringsby, T.H. & Tufto, J. (2003). Does availability of resources influence grazing strategies in female Svalbard reindeer? - Rangifer 23: 25-37.
24. Hester, A.J., Edenius, L., Buttenschøn, R.M. & Kuiters, A.T. (2000). Interactions between forests and herbivores: the role of controlled grazing experiments. - Forestry 73: 381-391.
25. Hobbs, T.N. & Swift, D.M. (1985). Estimates of habitat carrying capacity incorporating explicit nutritional constraints. - J. Wildlife Managern.. 49: 814-822.
26. Jeschke, J. & Tollrian, R. (2005). Predicting herbivore feeding times. - Ethology 111: 187-206.
27. Jorgenson, J.T., Festa-Bianchet, M., Gaillard, J.-M. & Wishart, W.D. (1997). Effects of age, sex, disease, and density on survival of bighorn sheep. - Ecology 78: 1019-1032.
28. Kammermeyer, K.E. & Marchinton, R.L. (1977). Seasonal change in circadian activity of radio-monitored deer. - J. Wildlife Managem. 41: 315-317.
29. Kleiber, M. (1932). Body size and metabolism. - Hilgardia 6: 315-353.
30. Kohlmann, S.G. & Risenhoover, K.L. (1994). Spatial and behavioral response of white-tailed deer to forage depletion. - Can. J. Zool. 72: 506-513.
31. Lesage, L., Crête, M., Huot, J. & Ouellet, J.-P. (2001). Evidence for a trade-off between growth and body reserves in northern white-tailed deer. - Oecologia 126: 30-41.
32. McLean, R.A., Sanders, W.L. & Stroup, W.W. (1991). A unified approach to mixed linear models. - Am. Stat. 45: 54-64.
33. Moen, A.N. (1978). Seasonal changes in heart rates, activity, metabolism., and forage intake of white-tailed deer. - J. Wildlife Managem. 42: 715-738.
34. Moncorps, S., Boussès, P., Réale, D. & Chapuis, J.-L. (1997). Diurnal time budget of the mouflon (Ovis musimon) on the Kerguelen archipelago: influence of food resources, age, and sex. - Can. J. Zool. 75: 1828-1834.
35. Murray, M.G. (1991). Maximizing energy retention in grazing ruminants. - J. Anim. Ecol. 60: 1029-1045.
36. Mysterud, A. (1998). The relative roles of body size and feeding type on activity time of temperate ruminants. - Oecologia 113: 442-446.
37. Owen-Smith, N. & Novellie, P. (1982). What should a clever ungulate eat? - Am. Nat. 119: 151-178.
38. Palo, R.T. (1985). Chemical defense in birch: inhibition of digestibility in ruminants by phenolic extracts. - Oecologia 68: 10-14.
39. Pelletier, F. & Festa-Bianchet, M. (2004). Effects of body mass, age, dominance and parasite load on foraging time of bighorn rams, Ovis canadensis. - Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 56: 546-551.
40. Pérez-Barbería, F.J. & Gordon, I.J. (1999). The relative roles of phytogeny, body size and feeding style on the activity time of temperate ruminants: a reanalysis. - Oecologia 120: 193-197.
41. Potvin, F. & Breton, L. (2005). Testing 2 aerial survey techniques on deer in fenced enclosures - visual double-counts and thermal infrared sensing. - Wildlife Soc. Bull. 33: 317-325.
42. Potvin, F., Beaupré, P. & Laprise, G. (2003). The eradication of balsam, fir stands by white- tailed deer on Anticosti Island, Québec: a 150-year process. - Écoscience 10: 487-495.
43. Relyea, R.A., Ortega, I.M. & Demarais, S. (1994). Activity monitoring in mule deer: assessing telemetry accuracy. - Wildlife Soc. Bull. 22: 656-661.
44. Risenhoover, K.L. (1986). Winter activity patterns of moose in interior Alaska. - J. Wildlife Managem. 50: 727-734.
45. Robbins, C.T. (1983). Wildlife feeding and nutrition. - Academic Press, New York, NY.
46. Rochette, B., Gingras, A. & Potvin, F. (2003). Inventaire aérien du cerf de Virginie de l'île d'Anticosti- été 2001. - In: Société de la faune et des parcs du Québec, Direction de l'aménagement de la faune de la Côte-Nord et direction de la recherche sur la faune, Québec, Québec, 22 p.
47. Rouleau, I., Crête, M. & Ouellet, J.-P. (2002). Contrasting the summer ecology of white-tailed deer inhabiting a forested and an agricultural landscape. - Écoscience 9: 459-469.
48. Ruckstuhl, K.E. (1998). Foraging behaviour and sexual segregation in bighorn sheep. - Anim. Behav. 56: 99-106.
49. Shi, J., Dunbar, R.I.M., Buckland, D. & Miller, D. (2003). Daytime activity budgets of feral goats (Capra hircus) on the Isle of Rum: influence of season, age, and sex. - Can. J. Zool. 81: 803-815.
50. Skogland, T. (1983). The effects of density dependent resource limitation on size of wild reindeer. - Oecologia 60: 156-168.
51. Van Soest, P.J. (1982). Nutritional ecology of the ruminant: ruminant metabolism, nutritional strategies, the cellulolytic fermentation, and the chemistry of forages and plant fibers. - O&B Books, Corvallis, OR.
52. Van Soest, P.J. (1994). Nutritional ecology of ruminant. - Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY
53. Spalinger, D.E., Robbins, C.T. & Hanley, TA. (1986). The assessment of handling time in ruminants: the effect of plant chemical and physical structure on the rate of breakdown of plant particles in the rumen of mule deer and elk. - Can. J. Zool. 64: 312-321.
54. Tilghman, N.G. (1989). Impacts of white-tailed deer on forest regeneration in northwestern Pennsylvania. - J. Wildlife Managern.. 53: 524-532.
55. Tremblay, J.-P., Thibault, I., Dussault, C., Huot, J. & Côté, S.D. (2005). Long-term decline in white-tailed deer browse supply: can lichens and litterfall act as alternative food sources that preclude density-dependent feedbacks. - Can. J. Zool. 83: 1087-1096.
56. Tremblay, J.-P., Huot, J. & Potvin, F. (2006). Divergent nonlinear responses of the boreal forest field layer along an experimental gradient of deer densities. - Oecologia 150: 78-88.
57. Trudell, J. & White, R.G. (1981). The effect of forage structure and availability on food intake, biting rate, bite size and daily eating time of reindeer. - J. Appl. Ecol. 18: 63-81.
58. Van der Wal, R., Madan, N., van Lieshout, S., Dormann, C., Langvatn, R. & Albon, S.D. (2000). Trading forage quality for quantity? Plant phenology and patch choice by Svalbard reindeer. - Oecologia 123: 108-115.
59. WallisDeVries, M.F. (1996). Effects of resource distribution patterns on ungulate foraging behaviour: a modelling approach. - Forest Ecol. Managern. 88: 167-177.
60. White, G.C. & Garrott, R.A. (1990). Analysis of wildlife radio-tracking data. - Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
61. Wickstrom., M.L., Robbins, C.T., Hanley, T.A., Spalinger, D.E. & Parish, S.M. (1984). Food intake and foraging energetics of elk and mule deer. - J. Wildlife Managern. 48: 1285-1301.
62. Xu, R. (2003). Measuring explained variation in linear mixed effects models. - Stat. Med. 22: 3527-3541.