Kinematics of Franciscan Complex exhumation: New insights from the geology of Mount Diablo, California

Bulletin of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 120, Issue 5-6, 2008, Pages 543-555

  Schemmann, Kerstin ^a,b   Unruh, Jeffrey R ^c   Moores, Eldridge M ^d  

^a FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN   (Germany)

^b GFZ GERMAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR GEOSCIENCES   (Germany)

^c William Lettis and Associates   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Blueschist; Crustal attenuation; Exhumation; Forearc tectonics; Franciscan Complex; Serpentinite

Indexed keywords

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; BLUESCHIST; CALIFORNIA; COAST RANGE OPHIOLITE; CRUSTAL ATTENUATION; DEFORMATION KINEMATICS; EXHUMATION; FAULT SYSTEMS; FOREARC TECTONICS; FRANCISCAN COMPLEX; LATE CENOZOIC; NORMAL DISPLACEMENT; REFERENCE FRAMES; SAN FRANCISCO; SERPENTINITE; STRUCTURAL ORDERS; VERTICAL-AXIS ROTATION;

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; DEFORMATION; EARTH SCIENCES; KINEMATICS; MECHANICS; METAMORPHIC ROCKS; MOUNTINGS; SEDIMENTATION;

LANDFORMS;

ACCRETIONARY PRISM; BLUESCHIST; DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENT; EXHUMATION; FOLDING; FOREARC BASIN; HIGH PRESSURE; METAMORPHIC FACIES; OPHIOLITE; SERPENTINITE; SHEAR ZONE; UPLIFT;

CALIFORNIA; COAST RANGES; DIABLO RANGE; NORTH AMERICA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 49749093448     PISSN: 00167606     EISSN: 00167606     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1130/B26056.1     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Atwater, T., 1970, Implications of plate tectonics for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3513-3535, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1970) 81[3513:IOPTFT]2.0.CO;2.
2. Bailey, E.H., Irwin, W.P., and Jones, D.L., 1964, Franciscan and related rocks and their significance in the geology of western California: California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 183, 177 p.
3. Bailey, E.H., Blake, M.C. Jr., and Jones, D.L., 1970, On-land Mesozoic oceanic crust in California Coast Ranges, in United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 770-C, p. C70-C81.
4. Berldand, J.O., Raymond, L.A., Kramer, J.C., Moores, E.M., and O'Day, M., 1972, What is Franciscan?: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 56, p. 2295-2302.
5. Blake, M.C. Jr., Irwin, W.P., and Coleman, R.G., 1967, Upside-down metamorphic zonation, blueschist facies, along a regional thrust in California and Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 575-C, p. 1-9.
6. Blake, M.C. Jr., Jayko, A.S., and Howell, D.G., 1981, Geology of a subduction complex in the Franciscan assemblage of Northern California: Oceanologica Acta, v. 4, p.267-272.
7. Blake, M.C. Jr., Howell, D.G., and Jayko, A.S., 1984, Tectonostratigraphic terranes of the San Francisco Bay Region, in Blake, M.C. Jr., ed., Franciscan geology of northern California. Pacific Section: Society of Economic Palaeontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 43, p. 5-22.
8. Blake, M.C., Jr., Jayko, A.S., McLaughlin, R.J., and Underwood, M.B., 1988, Metamorphic and tectonic evolution of the Franciscan Complex, northern California, in Ernst, W.G., ed., Metamorphism and crustal evolution of the western United States: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice Hall, p. 1036-1059.
9. Bolhar, R., and Ring, U., 2001, Deformation history of the Yolla Bolly terrane at Leech Lake Mountain, Eastern Belt Franciscan Subduction Complex, California Coast Ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 181-195, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2001) 113<0181:DHOTYB>2.0.CO;2.
10. Carlson, C., 1981, Upwardly mobile melanges, serpentinite protrusions, and transport of tectonic blocks in accretionary prisms: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, p. 48.
11. Cloos, M., 1982, Flow melanges: Numerical modelling and geologic constraints on their origin in the Franciscan subduction complex, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, p. 330-345, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(1982)93<330:FMNMAG>2.0.CO;2.
12. Cloos, M., 1983, Comparative study of melange matrix and metashales from the Franciscan subduction complex with the basal Great Valley Sequence, California: The Journal of Geology, v. 97, p. 291-306.
13. Cloos, M., 1984, Flow melanges and the structural evolution of accretionary wedges, in Raymond, L.A., ed., Melanges: Their nature, origin and significance: Geological Society of America Special Paper 198, p. 71-81.
14. Cloos, M., 1986, Blueschists in the Franciscan Complex of California: Petrotectonic, constraints on uplift mechanisms, in Evans, B.W., and Brown, E.H., eds., Blueschists and eclogites: Geological Society of America Memoirs 164, p. 77-93.
15. Cloos, M., and Shreve, R.-L., 1988a, Subduction-channel model of prism accretion, melange formation, sediment subduction, and subduction erosion at convergent plate margins: I. Background and description: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 128, p. 455-500, doi: 10.1007/ BF00874548.
16. Cloos, M., and Shreve, R.-L., 1988b, Subduction-channel model of prism accretion, melange formation, sediment subduction, and subduction erosion at convergent plate margins: II. Implications and discussion: Pure and Applied Geophysics, v. 128, p. 501-545, doi: 10.10007/ BF00874549.
17. Colburn, I.P., 1961, The tectonic history of Mount Diablo, California [Ph.D. thesis]: Stanford University, 276 p.
18. Cotton, W.R., 1972, Preliminary geologic map of the Franciscan rocks in the central part of the Diablo Range, Santa Clara and Alameda Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-343.
19. Cowan, D.S., 1974, Deformation and metamorphism of the Franciscan subduction zone complex northwest of Pacheco Pass, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 1623-1634, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(1974)85<1623:DAMOTF>2.0.CO;2.
20. Cowan, D.S., and Silling, R.M., 1978, A dynamic, scaled model of accretion at trenches and its implications for the tectonic evolution of subduction complexes: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 83, p. 5389-5396.
21. Cowan, D.S., Boyer, S.E., and Till, A.B., 1989, Contraction -- not extension - at convergent margins elevates high-P rocks and covers them with low-P lids: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, p. 216.
22. Crane, R.C., 1988 and 1995, Geological map of the Diablo 7.5' quadrangle: Unpublished, scale 1:24000.
23. Crane, R.C., 1995, Geology of the Mt. Diablo region and East Bay hills, in Sangines, E.M. et al., eds., Recent geologic studies in the San Francisco Bay Area: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pacific Section 76, p. 87-114.
24. Crawford, K.E., 1975, The geology of the Franciscan tectonic assemblage near Mount Hamilton, California [Ph.D. thesis]: University of California, Los Angeles.
25. Dahlen, F.A., Davis, D., and Suppe, J., 1984, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges: Cohesive Coulomb theory: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 10,087-10,101.
26. Davis, D., Suppe, J., and Dahlen, F.A., 1983, Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 88, p. 1153-1172.
27. Dibblee, T.W. Jr., 1980, Preliminary geologic map of the Diablo quadrangle, Contra Costa and Alameda counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 80-546.
28. Dickinson, W.R., Hobson, C.A., and Saleeby, J.B., 1996, Alternate origins of the Coast Range ophiolite (California): Introduction and implications: GSA Today, v. 6, p, 1-10.
29. Dumitru, T.A., 1989, Constraints on the uplift of Franciscan subduction complex from apatite fission-track analysis: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 197-220.
30. Elliott, D., 1976, The motion of thrust sheets: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 81, p. 949-963.
31. Ernst, W.G., 1970, Tectonic contact between the Franciscan melange and the Great Valley sequence - Crustal expression of a late Mesozoic Benioff zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 75, p. 886-901.
32. Ernst, W.G., 1993, Metamorphism of Franciscan tectonostratigraphic assemblage, Pacheco Pass area, east-central Diablo Range, California Coast Ranges: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 618-636, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1993) 105<0618:MOFTAP>2.3.CO;2.
33. Feehan, J.G., and Brandon, M.T., 1999, Contribution of ductile flow to exhumation of low-temperature, high-pressure metamorphic rocks: San Juan nappes, NW Washington state: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 104, p. 10883-10902, doi: 10.1029/1998JB900054.
34. Hagstrum, I.T., and Jones, D.L., 1998, Paleomagnetism, paleogeographic origins, and uplift history of the Coast Range Ophiolite at Mt. Diablo, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, p. 597-W3, doi: 10.1029/97JBO2785.
35. Harms, TA., Jayko, A.S., and Blake, M.C., Jr., 1992, Kinematic evidence of extensional unroofing of the Franciscan Complex along the Coast Range fault, Northern Diablo Range, California: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 228-241.
36. Hopson, C.A., and Pessagno, E.A. Jr., 2005, Tebama-Colusa serpentinite mélange: A remnant of Franciscan Jurassic oceanic lithosphere, northern California: International Geology Review, v. 47, p. 65-100.
37. Ingersoll, R.V., 1979, Evolution of the Late Cretaceous forearc basin, northern and central California: Geological Society of America, v. 90, p. 813-826, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1979)90<813:EOTLCF>2.0.CO;2.
38. Irwin, W.P., 1964, Late Mesozoic orogemes in the ultramafic belts of the northwestern California and southwestern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-C, p. Cl-C9.
39. Jayko, A.S., Blake, M.C. Jr., and Brothers, R.N., 1986, Blueschist metamorphism of the eastern Franciscan belt in northern California: Geological Society of America, v. 164, p. 107-124.
40. Jayko, A.S., Blake, M.C. Jr., and Harms, T.A., 1987, Attenuation of the Coast Range Ophiolite by extensional faulting and nature of the Coast Range "thrust;" California: Tectonics, v. 6, p. 475-488.
41. Maddock, M.E., 1964, Geology of the Mt. Boardman quadrangle, Santa Clara and Stanislaus Counties, California: California Division of Mines and Geology, Map Sheet 3.
42. Maltman, A.J., 1978, Serpentinite textures in Anglesey, North Wales, United Kingdom: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 972-980, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1978)89<972:STIANW>2.0.CO;2.
43. Mankinen, E.A., Gromme, C.S., and Williams, K.M., 1991, Concordant paleolatitudes from ophiolite sequences in the northern California Coast Ranges, U.S.A: Tectonophysics, v. 198, p. 1-21, doi: 10.1016/0040-1951 (91)90127-E.
44. Mann, P, and Gordon, M.B., 1996, Tectonic uplift and exhumation of blueschist belts along transpressional strike-slip fault zones, in Bebout, G.E., et al., eds., Subduction from top to bottom: American Geophysical Monograph 96, p. 143-154.
45. Maruyama, S., and Lion, J.G., 1988, Petrology of franciscan metabasites along the jadeite-glaucophane type facies series, Cazadero, California: Journal of Petrology, v. 29, p. 1-37.
46. Maruyama, S., Liou, J.G., and Terabayashi, M., 1996, Blueschists and eclogites of the world and their exhumation: International Geology Review, v. 38, p. 485-594.
47. Moores, E.M., 1970, Ultramafics and orogeny, with models of the U.S. Cordillera and the Tethys: Nature, v. 228, p. 837-842, doi: 10.1038/ 228837a0.
48. Moores, E.M., Wakabayashi, J., and Unruh, JR., 2002, Crustal-scale cross-sections of the U.S. Cordillera, California and beyond, its tectonic significance, and speculations on the Andean Orogeny: International Geology Review, v. 44, p. 479-500.
49. Newton, R.C., and Smith, J.V, 1967, Investigations concerning breakdown of albite at depth in the earth: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 45, p. 268-286.
50. O'Hanley, D.S., 1996, Serpenfinites: Records of Tectonic and petrological history: Oxford, Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 34, 277 p.
51. Page, B.M., and Engebretson D.C., 1984, Correlation between the geologic record and computed plate motions for central California: Tectonics, v. 3, p. 133-155.
52. Pampeyan, E.H., 1963, Geology and mineral deposits of Mt. Diablo, Contra Costa County, California: California Division of Mines and Geology, Special Report, v. 80, p. 1-31.
53. Pavlis, T.L., and Bruhn, R.L., 1983, Deep-seated flow as mechanism for the uplift of broad fore-arc ridges and its role in the exposure of high P/T metamorphic terranes: Tectonics, v. 2, p. 473-497.
54. Platt, J.P., 1986, Dynamics of orogenic wedges and the uplift of high-pressure metamorphic rocks: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, p. 1037-1053, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97 2.0.CO;2.
55. Raymond, L.A., 1970, Cretaceous sedimentation and regional thrusting, northeastern Diablo Range: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2123-2128, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1970)81 [2123:CSARTN]2.0.CO;2.
56. Raymond, L.A., 1973a, Franciscan geology of the Mount Oso area, central California [Ph.D. thesis]: University of California, Davis, 185 p.
57. Raymond, L.A., 1973b, Tesla-Ortigalita fault, Coast Range thrust fault, and Franciscan metamorphism, northeastern Diablo Range, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 3547-3562, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606 (1973)84<3547:TFCRTF>2.0.CO;2.
58. Reinen, L.A., 2000, Seismic and aseismic slip indicators in serpentinite gouge: Geology, v. 28, p. 135-138.
59. Reinen, L.A., Weeks, J.D., and Tullis, T.E., 1991, The frictional behavior of serpentinite; implications for aseismic creep on shallow crustal faults: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 18, p. 1921-1924.
60. Reinen, LA., Tullis, T.E., and Weeks, J.D., 1992, Two-mechanism model for frictional sliding of serpentinite: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, p. 1535-1538.
61. Ring, U., and Brandon, M.T., 1994, Kinematic data for the Coast Range fault and implications for exhumation of the Franciscan subduction complex: Geology, 22, p. 735-738, doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022 <0735:KDFTCR>2.3.CO;2.
62. Ring, U., and Brandon, M.T., 1997, Kinematics of the Coast Range fault zone, California: Implications for the evolution of the Franciscan subduction complex: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 29, no. 5, p. A60.
63. Ring, U., and Brandon, M.T., 1999, Ductile deformation and mass loss in the Franciscan Subduction Complex: Implications for exhumation processes in accretionary wedges, in Ring, U., et al., eds., Exhumation processes: Normal faulting, ductile flow and erosion: Geological Society [London] Special Publications 154, p. 55-86.
64. Ring, U., and Richter, P.P, 2004, Normal faulting at convergent plate boundaries: Mylonitic extensional fabrics in the Franciscan subduction complex in Del Puerto Canyon, California, revisited: Tectonics, v. 23, p. TC2006, doi: 10.1029/2002TC001476.
65. Selverstone, J., 1985, Petrologic constraints on imbrication, metamorphism and uplift in the SW Tauern window, Eastern Alps: Tectonics, v. 4, p. 687-704.
66. Shervais, J.W., Murchey, B.L., Kimbrough, D.L., Renne, P.R., and Hanan, B., 2005, Radioisotopic and biostratigraphic age relations in the Coast Range Ophiolite, northern California: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 117, p. 633-653, doi: 10.1130/B25443.1.
67. Springer, R.K., Day, H.W., and Beiersdorfer, R.E., 1992, Prehnite-pumpellyite to greenschist facies transition, Smartville Complex, near Auburn, California: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 10, p. 147-170.
68. Suppe, J., 1973, Geology of the Leech Lake Mountain-Ball Mountain region, California: A cross-section of the northeastern Franciscan belt and its tectonic implications: University of California Publications in Geological Sciences, v. 107, 82 p.
69. Tagami, T., and Dumitru, T.A., 1996, Provenance and thermal history of the Franciscan accretionary complex - Constraints from zircon fission track thermo-chronology: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 11,353-11,364, doi: 10.1029/96JB00407.
70. Twiss, R.J., and Getell, M.J., 1990, Curved slickenfibers: A new brittle shear-sense indicator with application to a sheared serpentinite: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 12, p. 471-481, doi: 10.1016/ 0191-8141(90)90035-W.
71. Twiss, R.J., and Unruh, J.R., 1998, Analysis of fault slip inversions: Do they constrain stress or strain rate?: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 103, p. 12,205-12,222, doi: 10.1029/98JB00612.
72. Twiss, R.J., Protzman, G.M., and Hurst, S.D., 1991, Theory of slickenline patterns based on the velocity gradient tensor and microrotation: Tectonophysics, v. 186, p. 215-239, doi: 10.1016/ 0040-1951(91)90360-5.
73. Unruh, J.R., and Sawyer, T.L., 1995, Late Cenozoic growth of the Mt. Diablo fold-and-thrust belt, Central Costa County, California, and implications for transpressional deformation of the northern Diablo Range: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Pacific Section Convention Abstracts, p. 47.
74. Unruh, J.R., Twiss, R.J., and Hauksson, E., 1996, Seismogenic deformation field in the Mojave block, and implications for tectonics of the Eastern California shear zone: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 8335-8361, doi: 10.1029/95JB03040.
75. Unruh, J.R., Dumitru, T.A., and Sawyer, T.L., 2007, Coupling of early Tertiary extension in the Great Valley forearc basin with blueschist exhumation in the underlying Franciscan accretionary wedge at Mt. Diablo, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 119, p. 1347-1367.
76. Wallis, S.R., 1992, Vorticity analysis in a metachert from the Sanbagawa belt, SW Japan: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 14, p. 271-280, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141 (92)90085-B.
77. Wallis, S.R., 1995, Vorticity analysis and recognition of ductile extension in the Sanbagawa belt, SW Japan: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 17, p. 1077-1093, doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(95)00005-X.
78. Wakabayashi, J., 1990, Counterclockwise P-T-t paths from amphibolites, Franciscan Complex, California: Metamorphism during the early stages of subduction: The Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 657-680.
79. Wakabayashi, J., 1992, Nappes, tectonics of oblique plate convergence, and metamorphic evolution related to 140 million years of continuous subduction, Franciscan Complex, California: The Journal of Geology, v. 100, p. 19-40.
80. Wakabayashi, J., 1999, Subduction and the rock record: Concepts developed in the Franciscan Complex, California: Geological Society of America Special Paper, v. 338, p. 123-131.
81. Wakabayashi, J., and Unruh, J.R., 1995, Tectonic wedging, blueschist metamorphism, and exposure of blueschists: Are they compatible?: Geology, v. 23, p. 85-89, doi: 10.1130 /0091-7613(1995)023<0085:TWBMAE> 2.3.CO;2.
82. Wicks, F.J., and O'Hanley, D.S., 1988, Serpentinite minerals; structures and petrology: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, v. 19, p. 91-167.
83. Williams, K.M., 1983a, The Mt. Diablo Ophiolite, Contra Costa County, California [M.S. thesis]: San Jose State University, California, 156 p.
84. Williams, K.M., 1983b, The Mount Diablo Ophiolite, Contra Costa County, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no. 6, p. 718.
85. Williams, K.M., 1984, Geologic map and cross sections of the Coast Range Ophiolite at Mount Diablo, Contra Costa County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Report Open-File Report 84-0553, one sheet.
86. Worrall, D.M., 1981, Imbricate low-angle faulting in uppermost Franciscan rocks, South Yolla Bolly, northern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 92, p. 703-729, doi: 10.1130/ 0016-7606(1981)92 <703:ILFIUF>2.0.CO;2.